本文選題：譯者主體性 + 重寫理論��； 參考：《湖南師范大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：翻譯活動由來已久,譯者地位卻并非從一開始就得到關(guān)注。傳統(tǒng)的翻譯理論一直試圖把譯者束縛于忠實的教條中,認為原文作者是絕對權(quán)威,而把譯者置于邊緣化地位。上世紀七十年代起,翻譯研究的“文化轉(zhuǎn)向”開拓了翻譯研究的視野,在其影響下譯者的地位及其主體性也得到了重新認識。 作為一個具有獨立思維、文化立場和價值觀的個體,譯者的翻譯動機、翻譯策略、翻譯行為和翻譯能力對譯文的面貌產(chǎn)生重大的影響。其作為翻譯活動的主體身份會在從選擇原語文本、制定翻譯策略、解決翻譯困難到追求翻譯目的的整個過程中得到體現(xiàn)。同時應該注意到,譯者在翻譯中享有的自由是有一定限度的,他必然受到各種內(nèi)外部因素諸如社會歷史文化、個人意識形態(tài)等的影響和制約。本文試圖以理雅各(1815-1897)的《孟子》譯本為例探索譯者主體性在翻譯中的彰顯,并以翻譯文化研究派代表人物勒菲弗爾的重寫理論為基礎(chǔ),分別探討理氏的宗教信仰、文化背景、翻譯動機、文學傳統(tǒng)等相關(guān)因素對其譯文風格及特色形成的影響。 理雅各作為系統(tǒng)研究和翻譯中國典籍的西方漢學家第一人,其著作《中國經(jīng)典》和《東方圣書》因譯文的忠實與詳盡代表了當時漢學研究的最高成就,長期以來被后世學者奉為標準譯本。而《孟子》堪稱《中國經(jīng)典》中的經(jīng)典譯作,具有極高的學術(shù)價值。目前對理雅各翻譯著作的研究雖然取得了相當成果,但大多局限于譯本的翻譯方法與技巧,少有將理氏作為一個獨立的譯者,審視其在翻譯中主體性的彰顯,以及對主觀能動性與外部影響因素的協(xié)調(diào)過程。由于他的傳教士身份,以及其翻譯動機、時代背景的特殊性,譯本值得從更宏觀的文化角度進行綜合分析。 本文首先對中西方翻譯中有關(guān)譯者地位及其主體性的研究進行理論回顧,簡單介紹文化轉(zhuǎn)向前后翻譯界對譯者主體性認識的轉(zhuǎn)變,然后從哲學角度入手對作為翻譯主體的譯者的主體性給出定義,并結(jié)合理雅各的《孟子》譯本具體詮釋其在翻譯中的彰顯和作用。最后在重寫理論的三要素框架下依次從意識形態(tài)、詩學因素和贊助人方面分別探討相關(guān)因素對譯者及其譯文的影響。本文在結(jié)語部分指出,譯者的主體性在翻譯過程中是客觀存在的,其既有主觀能動的作用,也有受動的一面。意識形態(tài)、詩學和贊助人是操控其受動性的主要因素。優(yōu)秀的譯者需要不斷協(xié)調(diào)主體性的兩個對立面,找到自身身份的平衡點。
[Abstract]:Translation activities have a long history, but the translator's status has not been paid attention to from the beginning.The traditional translation theory has been trying to bind the translator to the faithful dogma that the original author is the absolute authority and that the translator is marginalized.Since the 1970s, the cultural turn in translation studies has broadened the perspective of translation studies, and the translator's position and subjectivity have also been re-recognized under its influence.As an individual with independent thinking, cultural stand and values, the translator's translation motivation, translation strategy, translation behavior and translation ability have a significant impact on the face of the target text.As the subject of translation activities, it will be embodied in the whole process of choosing the original text, formulating translation strategies, solving translation difficulties and pursuing translation purposes.At the same time it should be noted that the translator's freedom in translation is limited and he is bound to be influenced and restricted by various internal and external factors such as social historical culture personal ideology and so on.Taking the translation of Mencius from 1815 to 1897 as an example, this paper attempts to explore the subjectivity of the translator in translation, and based on the rewriting theory of Lefevere, a representative figure of the school of translation cultural studies, this paper explores the religious beliefs and cultural background of Lefevere, respectively.The influence of translation motivation, literary tradition and other related factors on the formation of translation style and characteristics.As the first Western sinologist to systematically study and translate Chinese classics, Reich Jacob's works "the Chinese Classics" and "the Holy Book of the Orient" represent the highest achievements of Sinology study at that time because of the faithfulness and detail of the translations.It has long been regarded as a standard translation by later generations.Mencius is a classic translation of Chinese Classics, which is of great academic value.Although the study of his translation works has made considerable achievements, most of them are limited to the translation methods and techniques of the translation, and he is seldom regarded as an independent translator to examine his subjectivity in translation.And the process of coordination between subjective initiative and external factors.Because of his missionary identity, his translation motivation and the particularity of his background, the translation is worth comprehensive analysis from a broader perspective of culture.This paper first reviews the research on the translator's status and subjectivity in Chinese and Western translation, and briefly introduces the changes of the translator's subjectivity in translation circles before and after the cultural turn.Then from the philosophical point of view, the translator's subjectivity as the subject of translation is defined, and the significance and role of the translator in translation are explained in combination with the translation of James Richards' Mencius.Finally, under the framework of the three elements of rewriting theory, the author discusses the influence of the relevant factors on the translator and his translation from the aspects of ideology, poetics and patron respectively.In the conclusion part, the author points out that the translator's subjectivity exists objectively in the process of translation.Ideology, poetics and patronage are the main factors that control its movability.A good translator should constantly coordinate the two opposites of subjectivity and find the balance of his identity.
【學位授予單位】：湖南師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H059

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