本文選題：非賓格句　切入點：被字句　出處：《中國海洋大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：非賓格句和被字句是現(xiàn)代漢語中的兩種典型句式。多年來，諸多學(xué)者在生成語法框架下對兩種句式進行了大量有益的研究，對目前的研究具有重要的指導(dǎo)和借鑒意義。近年來，卻出現(xiàn)了這樣一種趨勢：很多學(xué)者將兩種句式聯(lián)系起來加以考察，試圖用一種理論去解釋兩種句式的生成。他們認為被字句也是非賓格的一種，因而可以用分析非賓格句的方法分析被字句。這一主張的理論前提是認為被字句中的動詞經(jīng)歷了被動化，因而同非賓格動詞一樣不具備給其后名詞賦格的能力，不具備施事主語。 本文通過論證分析，證實漢語被字句與英語被動句不同，該句式中的動詞并未喪失賦格能力，，因而與非賓格動詞有本質(zhì)區(qū)別。漢語被字句與非賓格句是兩種獨立的句式，具有各自獨特的句法特征，需要分別加以分析。從這一結(jié)論出發(fā)并借鑒之前針對兩種句式的相關(guān)研究，本文在喬姆斯基最簡方案之新發(fā)展最簡探索：框架及語段推導(dǎo)等相關(guān)理論的指導(dǎo)下，分別對兩種句式進行了較為深入的研究。本文將非賓格句分為五種類型，五種句型中均包含一個輕動詞，該輕動詞或為普通輕動詞v，或為CAUSE及EXPERIENCE。除第一種句型外，其余句型中的輕動詞均為一致性特征集完整的輕動詞；然而，不管輕動詞的特征集完整與否，句中動詞均不可為其后名詞賦格。第一種句型中的名詞只能由T賦主格，其他句型中的末尾名詞由輕動詞v賦賓格。除第一種句型外，其他各句型中的句首名詞均為基礎(chǔ)生成的主語而非話題，最后一種句型主語被省略。本文認為“被”是一個特殊功能語類，表被動，可為其標示語指派歷事或客體的題元角色，具有P特征，并可選擇vP作為其補足語。本文將被字句分為長被字句和短被字句，長短被字句中又各含長短保留賓語被字句。長被字句與短被字句是由vP投射的差異造成的。由于v的EPP特征為可選特征，當(dāng)其額外論元被選擇時形成長被字句，反之形成短被字句。各類被字句中均含有一個一致性特征集完整的輕動詞，其所選動詞為及物動詞，具備為其后名詞賦格的能力。鑒于長短被字句在結(jié)構(gòu)及分析方法上的相似性，本文只分析了普通長被字句，保留賓語長被字句及保留賓語短被字句。保留賓語被字句中的句首名詞是基礎(chǔ)生成的主語。 本文的研究豐富了生成語法框架下的漢語句法研究，并對漢語被字句和非賓格句研究具有一定的指導(dǎo)意義。但由于最簡方案、最簡探索：框架及語段推導(dǎo)還處于發(fā)展階段，該研究還需更多的論證工作才能更加完善。
[Abstract]:Non-object sentence and Bei sentence are two typical sentence patterns in modern Chinese.For many years, many scholars have done a lot of useful research on the two kinds of sentence patterns under the framework of generative grammar, which has important guidance and reference significance for the present research.In recent years, however, there has been a tendency for many scholars to study the relationship between the two sentence patterns and try to explain the formation of the two kinds of sentence patterns with one theory.They think that the sentence is also a non-object, and can be analyzed by analyzing the non-object sentence.The theoretical premise of this proposition is that the verb in the sentence is passive, so it has no ability of fuelling the noun and the subject of the agent, just like the unobjectified verb.This paper proves that the verb in the sentence is different from the passive sentence in English, and that the verb in this sentence has not lost its fugue ability, so it is essentially different from the non-objective verb.Chinese Bei sentence and non-object sentence are two independent sentence patterns, which have their own unique syntactic features and need to be analyzed separately.Starting from this conclusion and drawing lessons from the previous research on two sentence patterns, this paper is guided by the new development of Chomsky's minimalist scheme: the theory of frame and paragraph derivation, and so on.Two kinds of sentence patterns are studied in depth.In this paper, the unobjective sentence is divided into five types. Each of the five sentence patterns contains a light verb, which is either an ordinary light verb v, or CAUSE and excel.With the exception of the first sentence pattern, the light verbs in the other sentence patterns are all light verbs with the complete set of consistent feature sets; however, no matter whether the feature set of the light verbs is complete or not, the verbs in the sentence must not be noun fugue.In the first kind of sentence pattern, the noun can only be assigned to the main case by T, while the last noun in the other sentence pattern can be assigned to the object case by the light verb v.With the exception of the first sentence pattern, the first noun in each sentence pattern is the subject generated from the base rather than the topic, and the last sentence pattern subject is omitted.This paper holds that "Bei" is a special functional category, which is passive, can assign the role of the subject element of the calendar or object to its marker, has the characteristic of P, and can choose VP as its complement.In this paper, the quilt sentence is divided into long quilt sentence and short quilt sentence.Long quilt and short quilt are caused by the difference of VP projection.Because the EPP feature of v is optional, the long quilt is formed when the extra argument is selected, and the short quilt is formed when the extra argument is selected.Each type of sentence contains a light verb with a consistent feature set. The verb selected is transitive and has the ability of fuelling a noun after it.In view of the similarity of the structure and analytical methods of the long and short quilt sentences, this paper only analyzes the ordinary long quilt sentences, the object long quilt sentences and the object short quilt sentences.The first noun in the sentence of retention object is the basic subject.This study enriches the study of Chinese syntax under the framework of generative grammar and has certain guiding significance for the study of Chinese quad and non-object sentences.However, because of the simplest scheme and the simplest exploration: the frame and the derivation of the speech segment are still in the developing stage, the research still needs more argumentation work to be more perfect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H146

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本文編號：1708560