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北京話連詞史(1750-1950)

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-03-31 23:13

  本文選題:北京話 切入點(diǎn):連詞 出處:《蘇州大學(xué)》2012年博士論文


【摘要】:連詞的研究一直是近代漢語虛詞研究的薄弱環(huán)節(jié),直至2010年,第一部研究近代漢語連詞的專著《近代漢語連詞》才出版問世。 1750至1950間連詞歷時(shí)嬗變情況更是無人涉及,本文擬探索出北京話連詞在1750至1950兩百年間的歷時(shí)嬗變情況,構(gòu)建這一歷史時(shí)期的北京話連詞發(fā)展史,從而找出語言發(fā)展演變的一般性規(guī)律,進(jìn)而為漢語史研究做出貢獻(xiàn)。具體來說,本文試圖回答這樣的問題: 北京話連詞在1750至1950年間的面貌是什么樣的。 北京話連詞在這兩百年中隨著時(shí)間的推移是怎么發(fā)展演變的。 北京話連詞在這兩百年的發(fā)展演變中呈現(xiàn)出什么規(guī)律。 本文主要以《紅樓夢》(前80回)、《兒女英雄傳》、《正紅旗下》為研究語料,對這段歷史時(shí)期的連詞進(jìn)行共時(shí)的描寫和歷時(shí)的解釋。從共時(shí)和歷時(shí),微觀和宏觀的角度對這段時(shí)期的連詞進(jìn)行多方面的考察和分析,揭示了連詞在這兩百年間的功能特點(diǎn)和歷時(shí)嬗變規(guī)律。 本文采取定性與定量相結(jié)合的研究方法,一個(gè)歷史階段選取一部書做定量統(tǒng)計(jì)。18世紀(jì)中期選取《紅樓夢》(前80回),19世紀(jì)中期選取《兒女英雄傳》,20世紀(jì)中期選取《正紅旗下》。這三部書寫作年代比較明確,且都用北京口語寫成,都被認(rèn)為是北京話的絕好教材。我們對這三部書中的連詞作詳細(xì)全面的統(tǒng)計(jì),可了解每一個(gè)時(shí)期的連詞面貌,并在此基礎(chǔ)上可以看出連詞的歷時(shí)嬗變情況。由于《正紅旗下》的篇幅較少,,我們選取同時(shí)代的口語程度高的《茶館》、《龍須溝》作輔助語料,可使我們更好地了解20世紀(jì)中葉北京話的面貌。 文章除緒論和結(jié)語外,共分為十一章:第一章為“北京話連詞史研究綜述”,共分三節(jié),分別對連詞的定義,北京話連詞的界定以及分類、分布等問題進(jìn)行討論。從第二章到第十一章分別對北京話(1750-1950)的并列連詞、遞進(jìn)連詞、承接連詞、選擇連詞、假設(shè)連詞、讓步連詞、因果連詞、轉(zhuǎn)折連詞、條件連詞、目的連詞等十類連詞的歷時(shí)嬗變情況進(jìn)行探討。 北京話連詞在十八世紀(jì)中葉至二十世紀(jì)中葉的200年間,無論是表示的語義關(guān)系、連接能力還是句法限制等都發(fā)生了一系列的變化,意義和用法此消彼長、不斷演化,同義連詞較多。連詞功能總體上呈現(xiàn)出“拋物線”形的發(fā)展軌跡,即先由《紅樓夢》時(shí)期的單一化逐步向《兒女英雄傳》時(shí)期的復(fù)雜多樣化轉(zhuǎn)變,然后再轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椤墩t旗下》時(shí)期的相對單一化。即《紅樓夢》時(shí)期的連詞成員雖然較多,但相對《兒女英雄傳》時(shí)期用法相對單一,發(fā)展至《兒女英雄傳》時(shí)期,連詞成員繼續(xù)增加,用法更為復(fù)雜,發(fā)展至《正紅旗下》時(shí)期,連詞成員比前兩個(gè)時(shí)期都有所減少,且各詞基本上都有了相對比較明確分工,分布上呈現(xiàn)互補(bǔ)趨勢,這應(yīng)該是語言的經(jīng)濟(jì)原則和不斷規(guī)范化共同作用所產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。
[Abstract]:The study of conjunctions has always been a weak link in the study of modern Chinese function words. Until 2010, the first monograph on modern Chinese conjunctions, Modern Chinese conjunctions, was published. No one is involved in the diachronic transmutation between 1750 and 1950 conjunctions. This paper intends to explore the diachronic transmutation of conjunctions in Beijing dialect from 1750 to 1950, and to construct the history of conjunctions in Beijing dialect during this historical period. In order to find out the general rules of language development and evolution, and thus contribute to the study of Chinese history. Specifically, this paper attempts to answer such questions:. What was the appearance of Beijing dialect conjunctions between 1750 and 1950? Beijing dialect conjunctions in these two hundred years with the passage of time is how the development of evolution. Beijing dialect conjunctions in these two hundred years of development in the evolution of what the law. This paper mainly takes A Dream of Red Mansions (the first 80 chapters, the Story of the heroism of Children) and the Red Flag under the Red Flag as the research materials to describe and explain the conjunctions of this historical period in synchronic and diachronic terms. From the micro and macro perspectives, the author investigates and analyzes the conjunctions in this period in many aspects, and reveals the functional characteristics and diachronic changes of conjunctions in these two hundred years. In this paper, qualitative and quantitative methods are adopted. Take a book for quantitative statistics in a historical stage. Select A Dream of Red Mansions in the mid-18th century. (the first 80 chapters and the middle of the 19th century selected "Children's heroic Biography" and "the Red Flag under the Red Flag" in the middle of the 20th century.) these three books are written in a rather clear age. They are all written in Beijing spoken language, and are considered to be excellent textbooks for Beijing dialect. We have made detailed and comprehensive statistics on the conjunctions in these three books, and we can understand the appearance of conjunctions in each period. On the basis of this, we can see the diachronic transmutation of conjunctions. As the length of "under the Red Flag" is less, we choose Teahouse and Longxugou, which have high oral level in the same era, as auxiliary corpus. So that we can better understand the face of Beijing dialect in the middle of the 20 th century. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the article is divided into 11 chapters: the first chapter is "Overview of the history of conjunctions in Beijing dialect", which is divided into three sections: the definition of conjunctions, the definition and classification of conjunctions in Beijing dialect. From the second to the eleventh chapters, we discuss the parallel conjunctions, progressive conjunctions, accepting conjunctions, selecting conjunctions, hypothetical conjunctions, concession conjunctions, causal conjunctions, turning conjunctions, conditional conjunctions, and so on. Objective to explore the diachronic evolution of ten conjunctions such as conjunctions. In the 200 years from the middle of the 18th century to the middle of the 20th century, the conjunctions of Beijing dialect have undergone a series of changes, such as semantic relations, connective ability and syntactic restrictions. Synonymous conjunctions have more synonyms. On the whole, the functions of conjunctions show the development track of parabola, that is, from the simplification of the period of "Dream of Red Mansions" to the complicated diversification of the period of "Children's heroism". Then it changed to the relative singleness of the period of "True Red Flag". That is, although there were more conjunctions in the period of "Dream of Red Mansions", the usage of the period was relatively simple, and it developed to the period of "heroic Biography of Children". The number of conjunctions continues to increase and the usage is more complicated. In the period of "under the Red Flag", the members of conjunctions have decreased compared with the previous two periods, and each word basically has a relatively clear division of labor, and the distribution shows a trend of complementarity. This should be the result of the economic principles of language and continuous standardization.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:蘇州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2012
【分類號】:H172.1

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