本文選題：影視字幕翻譯　切入點(diǎn)：歸化　出處：《山東師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在我國(guó)對(duì)外開放和社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)日益發(fā)展的今天，影視作品作為文化的載體和媒介，具有更加豐富的文化內(nèi)涵以及跨文化交流的使命。影視作品的譯制和傳播不僅為加強(qiáng)各國(guó)家之間的了解和交流起著重要的作用，還對(duì)普通百姓的社會(huì)生活以及價(jià)值觀產(chǎn)生越來越大的影響。 歸化（domestication）和異化（foreignization）是對(duì)兩種翻譯策略的稱謂。按照Schuttleworth和Cowie編寫的Dictionary of Translation Studies中給出的定義，歸化是指譯者采用透明、流暢的風(fēng)格以盡可能減少譯語讀者對(duì)外語文本的生疏感的翻譯策略；異化則指刻意打破目的語的規(guī)范而保留原文的某些異域語言特色的翻譯策略。為了處理好源語文化和目的文化的關(guān)系，在此過程中譯者通常需要在兩種基本翻譯策略中做出選擇。 本文通過對(duì)中外影視劇的分析來解讀和探討字幕翻譯是如何運(yùn)用這兩種翻譯策略的。通過分析影視作品的具體翻譯過程，，作者得出結(jié)論，為了完成其具體翻譯目的，在字幕翻譯中應(yīng)根據(jù)作者的意圖、翻譯的目的、文本類型以及讀者因素等將歸化與異化相結(jié)合運(yùn)用。 本文在研究中采用定性與定量相結(jié)合的方法，在對(duì)影視翻譯現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行描述分析的過程中，選取恰當(dāng)?shù)膶?shí)例加以解釋或說明。所選例子均經(jīng)過認(rèn)真思考和篩選，具有較強(qiáng)的代表性，避免主觀和個(gè)人隨感性的論述。本研究中的實(shí)例為筆者本人在觀看時(shí)根據(jù)屏幕下的中文或英文字幕如實(shí)記錄而成，未經(jīng)個(gè)人的改動(dòng)，所選影視作品均來自官方機(jī)構(gòu)正式發(fā)行或播出的譯制作品。本研究側(cè)重對(duì)所采集的語料進(jìn)行辨證性的分析和思考，這樣得出的結(jié)論比單憑感性抽取一些實(shí)例更具有說服力。 除了引言和結(jié)論部分，本文共分四個(gè)部分。 第一章是文獻(xiàn)綜述部分。這一章分為三小節(jié)。第一節(jié)論述了影視翻譯在國(guó)外的研究情況、成果及代表人物。西方學(xué)者的研究起步較早，無論是在研究的廣度和深度上，都有一些值得我國(guó)學(xué)者思考和借鑒的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。第二節(jié)論述了影視翻譯在國(guó)內(nèi)的研究情況及成果。我國(guó)影視翻譯的研究起步較晚．影視翻譯理論研究水平還相對(duì)較低，還幾乎沒有自己成體系的理論，主要還是在實(shí)踐的層面上摸索。第三節(jié)介紹了我國(guó)從事影視翻譯理論研究較有成就的幾位學(xué)者。包括上海外國(guó)語大學(xué)錢紹昌教授、中國(guó)傳媒大學(xué)麻爭(zhēng)旗教授、華東師范大學(xué)張春柏教授、天津大學(xué)李運(yùn)興教授和中央電視臺(tái)國(guó)際部的資深編輯趙春梅等。 第二章節(jié)是理論基礎(chǔ)部分，分為兩節(jié)。第一節(jié)論述了影視翻譯的基本策略。譯學(xué)研究表明，翻譯的基本方法不外乎直譯和意譯，影視翻譯的基本方法自然也不例外。影視翻譯的基本策略并不是一種游離于影視翻譯其它策略的孤立策略。它與影視翻譯的其它策略之間的關(guān)系十分密切。確切講，影視翻譯的基本策略是影視翻譯其它策略的基礎(chǔ)。第二節(jié)詳細(xì)介紹了歸化和異化策略。包括他們的含義、發(fā)展歷程、爭(zhēng)議和對(duì)策等。歸化翻譯指的是一種以目的語為歸宿的翻譯，即采用目的語文化所認(rèn)可的表達(dá)方式和語言規(guī)范，使譯文流暢、通順，以更適合目的語讀者。異化翻譯是以源語文化為歸宿的翻譯，即努力做到盡可能地保持原作的風(fēng)味，使源語文化的異國(guó)情調(diào)得以存續(xù)，為了使目的語讀者能夠領(lǐng)略到“原汁原味”的異域而不惜采用不符合目的語的語言規(guī)范。歸化翻譯可以追溯至17世紀(jì)的英國(guó)，19世紀(jì)初，異化的翻譯在德國(guó)興起。異化與歸化之爭(zhēng)自翻譯活動(dòng)出現(xiàn)就一直存在，包括定義之爭(zhēng)、態(tài)度之爭(zhēng)、方法或策略之爭(zhēng)和價(jià)值之爭(zhēng)等。異化與歸化，說到底也是一對(duì)矛盾的兩個(gè)方面，它們之間不僅是對(duì)立的，而且還應(yīng)該是統(tǒng)一的，因此，要處理好這兩者之間的關(guān)系，關(guān)鍵還是要用講辨證的觀點(diǎn)。在翻譯實(shí)踐上，我們應(yīng)有意識(shí)地結(jié)合實(shí)踐思考和把握好歸化和異化這兩個(gè)方法論原則。 第三章是對(duì)影視翻譯的總體介紹,由三小節(jié)組成。第一節(jié)介紹了影視作品的特點(diǎn)。它包括大眾文化娛樂產(chǎn)品屬性、綜合藝術(shù)產(chǎn)品屬性、影視作品的文學(xué)屬性、時(shí)代性、社會(huì)性及跨文化傳播屬性。第二節(jié)介紹了影視語言的特點(diǎn)。從事影視翻譯工作多年的錢紹昌先生在《影視翻譯—翻譯園地中愈來愈重要的領(lǐng)域》一文中，將影視語言特性總結(jié)為聆聽性、綜合性、瞬間性、通俗性、無注性等五種。這是目前影視翻譯研究領(lǐng)域?qū)τ耙曊Z言特點(diǎn)的權(quán)威性闡釋。第三節(jié)是對(duì)字幕翻譯的具體論述，包括其定義、分類及特點(diǎn)。顧名思義，影視字幕就是屏幕上的文字顯示，以使觀眾能夠更好地理解其故事情節(jié)。影視字幕的翻譯根據(jù)不同的劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，可以劃分為不同的類型。有開放性字幕和隱藏性字幕、語內(nèi)字幕和語際字幕等之分。從形式上和內(nèi)容上影視字幕具有不同的特點(diǎn)。 第四章是對(duì)影視案例的具體分析。本章中筆者選取了兩部有代表性的影視作品，分別是我國(guó)的電影《建國(guó)大業(yè)》和美國(guó)的卡通電視劇《辛普森一家》。通過實(shí)例總結(jié)歸化異化策略是如何在中外影視作品的字幕翻譯中準(zhǔn)確運(yùn)用的。電影《建國(guó)大業(yè)》是獻(xiàn)給中華人民共和國(guó)成立60周年和中國(guó)人民政治協(xié)商會(huì)議第一屆全體會(huì)議召開60周年的獻(xiàn)禮作品。電影上映后獲得巨大成功，先后獲得第30屆中國(guó)電影百花獎(jiǎng)最佳故事片和第10屆長(zhǎng)春電影節(jié)金鹿獎(jiǎng)最佳電影，電影票房4.3億成為中國(guó)第一名。自1989年12月17日的首次播出開始，《辛普森一家》已播出了21季，共458集。作為一部電視劇制播以來，《辛普森一家》贏取了大量的獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)；其中包括25次艾美獎(jiǎng)、26次安妮獎(jiǎng)和1次皮博迪獎(jiǎng)。同時(shí)，這兩部作品精湛的字幕翻譯也讓中外觀眾更加清晰地了解了中國(guó)和外國(guó)的國(guó)情，這為中國(guó)和外國(guó)文化的對(duì)外宣傳也起到了一定的推動(dòng)作用。 最后是結(jié)論部分。從以上的論述和分析中作者建議在影視字幕翻譯中最佳的方式是恰當(dāng)?shù)陌褮w化和異化策略相結(jié)合。這兩個(gè)策略彼此不沖突并且共存互補(bǔ)。同時(shí)，影視翻譯需要有影響的專家學(xué)者和譯者建立一套完整的理論支持和體系框架，并需要同文學(xué)作品一樣給予同樣的關(guān)注。
[Abstract]:In China's opening up and social economic development today, the film works as the carrier and the media culture, has more abundant cultural connotation and cross-cultural communication mission. Dubbed and dissemination of film and television works not only to strengthen the understanding between countries and exchange plays an important role in the social life of ordinary people the values and influence more and more.
Domestication and foreignization (domestication) (foreignization) is the two translation strategies of the title. In accordance with Schuttleworth and Cowie prepared by the Dictionary of definition of Translation Studies, the former refers to the translator with a transparent, smooth style as far as possible to reduce the target language reader disacquaintance to foreign texts. Foreignization refers to a translation strategy; deliberately breaks target specification and retain the original characteristics of some foreign language translation strategies. In order to deal with the relationship between the source language culture and target culture, the translator in the process often need to choose in the two basic translation strategies.
Based on the analysis of Chinese and foreign TV drama is how to use the two translation strategies to interpret and discuss the subtitle translation. The translation process through concrete analysis of film and television works, the author draws a conclusion that in order to fulfill the specific translation purpose in subtitle translation should be based on the author's intention, the purpose of translation, text type and reader factors the combination of domestication and foreignization use.
Methods in this research using a combination of qualitative and quantitative, in the description of the phenomenon of film translation in the course of analysis, or select the appropriate examples to explain. Examples are selected after careful consideration and screening, has a strong representation, avoid subjective and personal perceptualdiscussion. Examples in this study. As I watch the screen according to the Chinese or English subtitles and truthfully record, without personal changes, the selected works are from the official agency officially issued or broadcast dubbing works. This study focuses on the dialectical analysis and thought of the collected data, so the conclusion than alone some examples of perceptual extraction is more persuasive.
In addition to the introduction and the conclusion part, this article is divided into four parts.
The first chapter is the literature review. This chapter is divided into three sections. The first section discusses the translation of film research in foreign countries, achievements and representatives. Western scholars started earlier, both in the breadth and depth of research, there are some scholars in our country think and learn from experience. Second section discusses the research situation and achievements in film translation in China. Film translation studies started late in our country. The level of film translation theory research is relatively low, almost do not have their own theoretical system, mainly to grope in practice. The third section introduces our country a few scholars engaged in the study of film translation theory the more successful. Shaochang money including the Shanghai International Studies University Professor, Communication University of China Professor Ma Zhengqi, East China Normal University professor Zhang Chunbai, Professor Li Yunxing of Tianjin University and CCTV International Department of information Deep edited Zhao Chunmei and so on.
The second chapter is the theory part is divided into two sections. The first section discusses the basic strategies of film translation. Translation studies show that the basic methods of translation is nothing more than the literal translation and free translation, the basic method of film translation is no exception. The basic film translation strategy is not a free isolation strategy in other film translation strategies the relationship between it and other strategies. The translation of film is very close. Exactly speaking, the basic film translation strategy is the foundation of other film translation strategies. The second section introduces domestication and foreignization. They include the meaning, development, controversy and countermeasures. Domestication refers to a target for the purpose of translation, expression and the language code which uses the target culture recognition, make it smooth, smooth, which is more suitable for the target readers. Foreignization is source language culture oriented translation Translation, that is try to keep the original flavor as much as possible, so that the foreignness of the source language culture can survive, in order to make the readers can enjoy authentic exotic and even use the language specification does not conform to the target. Domestication can be traced back to Britain in seventeenth Century, early nineteenth Century, foreignization in the rise of Germany. Domestication and foreignization from translation activities appeared. It has always been there, including the definition of the dispute, the attitude of the dispute, methods or strategies of the dispute and the value of the dispute. Foreignization and domestication, it is also one of the two aspects of the contradiction between them, not only is the opposite, but also should be unified. Therefore, to deal with the relationship between the two, the key is to speak a dialectical viewpoint. In translation practice, we should consciously practice thinking and grasp the domestication and Foreignization of these two methodological principles.
The third chapter is the general introduction of film translation, is composed of three sections. The first section introduces the characteristics of film and television works. It includes mass culture and entertainment integrated art product attributes, product attributes, attributes of literature, film and television works of the times, social and intercultural communication attributes. The second section introduces the characteristics of film language activities. Film translation work for many years and Mr. Qian Shaochang in "film translation and more important in the translation field" in this paper, the characteristics of film language summary for listening, comprehensive, instant, popular, free of note five. This is the current film translation research field of film language features authority interpretation. The third section is about studies on subtitle translation, including its definition, classification and features. As the name implies, subtitle is words on a screen display, so that the audience can better understand the film story. Subtitle translation can be divided into different types according to different criteria. There are subtitles of open captions, hidden subtitles, subtitles and Interlanguage subtitles. There are different characteristics in form and content.
The fourth chapter is about the analysis of two cases. In this chapter the author chooses two representative works, which is China's film "Founding of the American cartoon television series" and "the Simpson family. By summarizing the examples how domestication and foreignization are in subtitle translation of Chinese and foreign film and television works accurately the use of film" Founding > is dedicated to the People's Republic of China set up the first plenary session of the 60th anniversary people's Political Consultative Conference and Chinese held 60th anniversary tribute to the work. After the release of the film was a great success, has won the thirtieth National Film Award for best feature film China flowers and tenth Changchun Film Festival Golden Deer award best film, film 430 million become China first broadcast for the first time since December 17, 1989 began, Simpson < a > has been broadcast in the 21 quarter, a total of 458 episodes. As a TV broadcast since Simpson < a > Won a lot of awards; including 25 Emmy Awards, 26 Anne prize and the Peabody prize for 1 times. At the same time, these two works of exquisite subtitle translation also let Chinese and foreign audiences more clearly understand the China and foreign country, this is Chinese and foreign culture publicity also played a promotion role.
The last part is the conclusion. From the above analysis, the author suggests that in subtitle translation is the best way to properly combine the domestication and foreignization. These two strategies are not in conflict and coexistence. At the same time, film translation needs the experts of the translator and the establishment of a complete set of theoretical support and the system framework, as well as literary works and the need to give the same attention.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：H059

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