本文選題：漢西對比　切入點(diǎn)：否定表達(dá)　出處：《上海外國語大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：否定表達(dá)是人類語言中最為重要、最為復(fù)雜的現(xiàn)象之一，任何一種語言都存在“否定”和“肯定”這兩個完全對立的概念。從亞里士多德以來，人類至今從未間斷過對語言中否定現(xiàn)象的研究。 當(dāng)前，不論是漢語還是西班牙語，關(guān)于否定用法的研究文獻(xiàn)都層出不窮，但將漢、西兩種語言中的否定現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行分類對比的學(xué)術(shù)研究卻少之又少。而漢語和西班牙語兩種語言差異迥然，在思維方式和語言習(xí)慣等方面的差異較大；同為人類語言，它們在一些地方又具有某些相似性，這就給我們在學(xué)習(xí)、翻譯和運(yùn)用時造成一定的困難。所以，對兩種語言從不同層面上進(jìn)行對比和翻譯研究將具有十分重要的意義。 從語言學(xué)上講，否定意義可以通過否定形式也就是顯性手段來表達(dá)，也可以通過某些特定的語調(diào)、詞匯、短語和句子結(jié)構(gòu)等隱性手段來傳遞。前者一般都帶有表否定意義的詞或詞綴等，從形式上人們一眼就能看出其否定意義，后者則從形式上看不出任何否定的特征，而其意義卻是否定的。這兩種否定方式在漢語和西班牙語中都存在，西班牙語中表達(dá)否定概念的方式尤其復(fù)雜，否定意義和否定形式經(jīng)常不對應(yīng)，往往給母語是漢語的學(xué)習(xí)者造成理解上的困難。 本文以對比語言學(xué)和Peter Newmark的翻譯理論為基礎(chǔ)，運(yùn)用詞匯學(xué)和句法學(xué)等理論，展開對漢、西兩種語言否定用法的對比研究。為此，本文將語言劃分為詞匯、短語和句子三個語法層面進(jìn)行對比，在每一層面上，根據(jù)語言學(xué)家Chomsky的轉(zhuǎn)換-生成語法學(xué)理論，按照語言的表層結(jié)構(gòu)和深層結(jié)構(gòu)的劃分方式，又將研究對象分為“顯性否定”和“隱性否定”來分別進(jìn)行研究，以期在歸納總結(jié)出漢、西表達(dá)否定意義的手段的同時，通過對比研究，找出二者否定表達(dá)的相同點(diǎn)和不同點(diǎn)，使兩種語言的學(xué)習(xí)者能夠在對比中產(chǎn)生正遷移，在語言學(xué)習(xí)和翻譯實(shí)踐中正確運(yùn)用這些手段來傳遞否定意義。 對上述內(nèi)容的論證，通過以下各章節(jié)內(nèi)容展開并進(jìn)行歸納：在第一章中，引出了本文的研究課題，指出了對比語言學(xué)、翻譯理論和否定研究的理論框架和研究方法；第二章中，從詞匯的層面上，分別對漢、西兩種語言的顯性否定和隱性否定用法進(jìn)行了對比；第三章中，從句子的層面上，研究了漢、西兩種語言顯性否定和隱性否定的異同；第四章中，對漢、西否定表達(dá)進(jìn)行了歸納，對漢、西互譯時可能出現(xiàn)的肯定表達(dá)和否定表達(dá)之間的相互轉(zhuǎn)換進(jìn)行了分類總結(jié)，給出了翻譯的總體策略和原則方法。研究過程中，本文給出了大量的例句和譯文，力圖在對比中闡明問題。 在最后的結(jié)論部分，我們在歸納前面各章節(jié)內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上得出一些階段性的結(jié)論，并試著對漢、西否定教學(xué)和漢西-西漢互譯提出一些建議，以期為中國的西班牙語教學(xué)和翻譯實(shí)踐提供一定的有益見解�？傮w上，，漢語和西班牙語都存在顯性否定和隱性否定這兩種否定方式，西班牙語中這兩種否定方式都較普遍，而漢語則更傾向于運(yùn)用顯性否定，隱性否定則相對較少。 當(dāng)然，由于時間和資料有限，加之本人能力和經(jīng)驗(yàn)不足，論文在科學(xué)性和實(shí)用性上難免存在一些問題，有待今后不斷進(jìn)行深入和完善。
[Abstract]:Negative expression is one of the most important and complex phenomena in human language. There are two totally opposite concepts in negation and affirmation in any language. Since Aristotle, human beings have never stopped studying the negation phenomenon in language.
At present, whether Chinese or Spanish, research literature on the negative usage of all but in the Han Dynasty, emerge in an endless stream, academic research the classification and comparison of negative phenomena in the two languages of the west is less and less. But the Chinese and Spanish two kinds of language differences, differences in the thinking style and language habits and other aspects of the larger; the same as the human language, they have some similarities in some places, this gives us cause some difficulties in learning, translation and use. So, will have very important significance for the comparison and translation of two languages from different levels.
From the linguistic perspective, negative meaning through the negative form is the dominant means to express, can also pass specific intonation, vocabulary, phrases and sentence structure implicit method to transmit. The former usually has a negative sense of the word or affix from the form, people can see at a glance the negative meaning of the latter. From the view of the form without any negative characteristics, and its meaning is negative. These two kinds of negation exist in both Chinese and Spanish, Spanish in the forms of negation and negation of negation is particularly complex, often do not correspond, often to the native language is difficult to understand by Chinese learners.
On the basis of contrastive linguistics and translation theory by Peter Newmark, lexicology and syntax theory of comparative study of the Western Han, use two languages negative. Therefore, this paper will be divided into language vocabulary, phrases and sentences three grammatical level were compared in each level, according to the conversion the linguist Chomsky generative grammar theory, according to the division of surface structure and deep structure, and the research object will be divided into "explicit negation" and "negative" were studied, in order to summarize Chinese, Western express negative meaning means at the same time, through the comparative study, find out two the negative expression similarities and differences, the two language learners can produce positive transfer in the contrast, in language learning and translation practice in the correct use of these means to transfer negative meaning.
The above argument, the following chapters unfold and summed up: in the first chapter, the paper introduces the research topic of this paper, points out the contrastive linguistics, theoretical framework and research methods of translation theory and negative research; the second chapter, from the lexical level, respectively, of West Han, in two languages. Explicit negation and implicit negation usage were compared; the third chapter, from the sentence level, study the similarities and differences between the two languages of West Han, explicit negation and implicit negation; in the fourth chapter, the Western Han, negative expression were summarized, the Han, and the negative conversion between the expression were classified the expression of western translation may be sure, given the overall strategy and principle method. In the process of research, this paper gives a lot of examples and translation, tries to clarify in comparison.
In the last part, we summarized in previous chapters based on the content of the stage to draw some conclusion, and try to deny the Western Han, Han - translation teaching and Hency put forward some suggestions, in order to Chinese Spanish Teaching and translation practice to provide some beneficial insights. In general, Chinese and Spanish there are explicit negation and implicit negation of these two kinds of negation, in Spanish the two negations are more common, while the Chinese tend to use explicit negation and implicit negation is relatively small.
Of course, due to limited time and data, and lack of ability and experience, there are still some problems in the science and practicability of the paper, which need further in-depth and improvement in the future.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海外國語大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H146;H34

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本文編號：1640149