本文關(guān)鍵詞： 山西方言 “子”綴 語音 語法 音變 類型 比較　出處：《河北大學(xué)》2012年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本文的研究對(duì)象是山西方言的“子”綴，主要研究內(nèi)容為“子”綴的音變。 音變的復(fù)雜性是山西方言“子”綴的重要特點(diǎn)。“子”綴在山西各地紛雜的語音表現(xiàn)可以歸納為“子尾”（尚可獨(dú)立成音節(jié)）和“子變”（已與詞根合音）兩大類型。山西方言“子”綴音變的復(fù)雜性、特別是山西、河南“子變”的歷史聯(lián)系30多年來一直是學(xué)界關(guān)注和研究的熱點(diǎn)。本文運(yùn)用描寫語言學(xué)、地理語言學(xué)、歷史比較語言學(xué)的理論和方法，在充分吸收已有研究成果和田野調(diào)查的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)山西境內(nèi)107個(gè)縣市方言點(diǎn)“子”綴的音變類型及其地理分布、“子”綴的語法功能進(jìn)行描寫、分析，并對(duì)“子”綴的音變過程、音變方向、山西與河南“子變”的歷史聯(lián)系以及“子”綴的語法化進(jìn)行一定的探討。 全文共分五章，，二至五章是論文的主體。 第一章緒論。概述山西方言的分區(qū)，山西方言的語音特點(diǎn)和“子”綴特點(diǎn)；“子”綴的研究現(xiàn)狀，本文研究的內(nèi)容、目的和意義；并對(duì)本文所用的幾個(gè)概念（“子”綴、“子”尾、“子”變等）以及材料來源作了界定和說明。 第二章山西方言“子”尾的音變類型及地理分布。首先闡釋山西方言“子”綴音變的兩大類型（“子”尾、“子”變）及其語音來源,然后重點(diǎn)討論“子”尾聲母和韻母的音變類型及地理分布，并對(duì)“子”尾在各地的“異讀”現(xiàn)象作了必要說明和一定的解釋。山西方言“子”尾聲母有6種類型，分別是：塞擦音型、塞音型、擦音型、邊音型、鼻音型和零聲母型；各聲母類型在地域空間的分布格局是：塞擦音分布在本省以中部為核心的廣大地區(qū)，分布區(qū)域約占全省面積的三分之二；塞音、邊音主要分布在省境的南部，擦音主要分布在北部；零聲母型南北都有，但分布的面積較小。“子”尾的韻母有4種類型：無尾韻、元音尾韻、鼻音尾韻和鼻音聲化韻、塞音尾韻。分布特點(diǎn)是：塞音尾韻主要分布在晉語區(qū)，非塞音尾韻主要分布在官話區(qū)。 第三章山西方言“子”變的音變類型及地理分布。首先描述14個(gè)方言點(diǎn)的“子”變韻及其特點(diǎn)，在此基礎(chǔ)上分析、概括“子”變的類型及地理分布特點(diǎn)。山西方言的“子”變韻分布在晉語上黨片、大包片和中原官話汾河片，依據(jù)“子”尾與基本韻母的合音特點(diǎn)可以分析為拼合、融合、長音三種類型，長音的位置主要在韻腹。拼合型“子”變韻主要出現(xiàn)在晉語上黨片和中原官話汾河片；拼入的“子”尾形式可以分為[u]型和[]型兩類，以[u]型為主，[u]型音具有后、圓特征。晉語區(qū)入聲韻的“子”變都為融合型，舒聲韻的融合型“子”變主要集中于晉語上黨片和中原官話汾河片。從“子”變韻對(duì)于基本韻母的歸并程度來看，上黨片高于大包片和中原官話汾河片。 第四章山西方言“子”綴音變的歷時(shí)比較。重點(diǎn)討論“子”尾聲母、韻母的歷時(shí)音變以及山西與河南方言“子”變的歷史聯(lián)系。本文總結(jié)出山西方言“子”尾聲母的歷時(shí)音變鏈如下： 第五章山西方言“子”綴的語法功能和語法化。本章討論“子”綴的構(gòu)詞功能（語法屬性）及能產(chǎn)性問題，依據(jù)歷史文獻(xiàn)和已有研究成果追溯上古至近代漢語“子”綴的語法化歷程以及山西方言“子”綴功能的來歷，并通過跨方言比較分析山西方言“子”綴語法化創(chuàng)新的地理分布特點(diǎn)。山西方言“子”綴的基本功能仍然是構(gòu)成名詞，也可以構(gòu)成量詞和少量的形容詞。“子”綴的構(gòu)詞能力在“子”尾型方言區(qū)較強(qiáng)，在“子”變型部分點(diǎn)正在衰變。山西方言繼承了近代漢語“子”綴的幾乎全部的語法功能，“子”綴用作形容詞標(biāo)記是包括山西方言在內(nèi)的西北方言的共同創(chuàng)新，體現(xiàn)了西北各地方言源遠(yuǎn)流長的近親關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:The research object of this paper is Shanxi dialect suffix "Zi", the main research contents for the suffix "Zi" change.
According to the complexity is an important characteristic of Shanxi dialect. The suffix "Zi" suffix "Zi" in the confused voice performance in all parts of Shanxi can be summarized as "tail" (can separate syllables) and "change" (with the roots of two types. The complex tone) of Shanxi dialect phonetic suffix "Zi" in particular, Shanxi, Henan "historical change", 30 years has been a hot academic concern and research. This paper uses descriptive linguistics, Geographical Linguistics, historical comparative linguistics theory and method, based on absorbing the existing research results and the field survey, the type of sound change within 107 Shanxi counties dialect "Zi" and its geographical distribution, "grammatical function Zi" the description, analysis, and the suffix "Zi" in the process of change, change the direction of the historical ties between Shanxi and Henan "change" and "Zi" the Grammaticalization A certain discussion.
The full text is divided into five chapters, and the two to five chapters are the main body of the paper.
The first chapter is introduction. Overview of the zone of Shanxi dialect, the phonetic features of Shanxi dialect and the suffix "Zi" characteristics; the current situation of research on the decoration ", the content of this paper, the purpose and significance; and several concepts used in this paper (the suffix" Zi "," Zi "suffix" Zi ", etc.) materials and gives the definition and description.
The second chapter Shanxi dialect affix "Zi" tone type and geographical distribution. The two types of the first interpretation of Shanxi dialect suffix "Zi" (according to the end of "Zi", "Zi" change) and voice source, then focus on "change type and geographical distribution of" end of mother and finals, and of the "" the tail around "heteronym" phenomenon made the necessary instructions and explanations. The Shanxi dialect "Zi" in the end the mother has 6 types, namely: affrication figure, plosive, brush figure, edge figure, nasal type and zero initial type; each type of initial distribution pattern in the geographical space is: affricative distributed in the vast area of the province in the central core of the distribution area of the province accounted for about 2/3; stops, laterals are mainly distributed in the territory of the province of the south, spirantization mainly distributed in the north; North and South have zero initial type, but smaller size distribution. "Zi" suffix There are 4 types: no vowel rhyme, vowel rhyme, rhyme and rhyme sound nasal twang, plosive rhyme. Distribution is rhyme: stops are mainly distributed in the Jin dialect, non-stop rhyme mainly in Mandarin.
Change type and geographical distribution of the third chapter of the Shanxi dialect "son". The first description of the 14 dialects "sub" rhyme and its characteristics, on the basis of the analysis, summed up the types and geographical distribution features. "Shanxi dialect" sub "rhyme distribution in Jin Shangdang tablets, tablets and bags the Central Plains dialect, on the basis of the" chorus features "tail and basic vowels can be analyzed for registration, fusion, long three types, long position mainly in the belly." "split type rhyme mainly appeared in the Jin Shangdang tablets and the Central Plains dialect; spell in the" child "tail form can be divided into type [u] and type two [], mainly type [u], type [u] has a sound circle feature, the Jin Dialect". The consonant "variable for fusion, fusion type" Shusheng rhyme child "mainly in the Jin Shangdang tablets and the Central Plains dialect. From the rhyme" " In view of basic vowels merge degree higher than the big piece and Shangdang, the Central Plains dialect.
The fourth chapter diachronic comparison of Shanxi dialect suffix "Zi". According to the discussion on "the end of history", and Shanxi contact diachronical inflection vowel and Henan dialect "sub". This paper summarizes the chronological change of Shanxi dialect "son" chain end parent as follows:
The grammatical function and grammar of the fifth chapter of Shanxi dialect suffix "Zi". This chapter discusses the suffix "Zi" word function (grammatical attribute) and can produce problems, according to the process of grammaticalization of the historical documents and the research results have been traced from ancient times to the modern Chinese "Zi" and Shanxi dialect suffix "Zi" function the origin, and the cross dialect comparison of Shanxi dialect "Zi" geographical distribution characteristics with the grammaticalization of innovation. The basic function of Shanxi dialect suffix "Zi" is a noun, can also form a classifier and a small amount of adjectives. "With the strong ability of word formation" in the "sub" tail type in the dialect area. "Zi" is part of variant decay. Shanxi dialect inherited the modern Chinese "Zi" almost all of the grammatical function, the suffix "Zi" as an adjective is a common marker innovation including Shanxi dialect, northwest dialect reflects. A long history of close relatives in the dialects of Northwest China.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：H172

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本文編號(hào)：1550040