本文關(guān)鍵詞： 范疇 原型 標(biāo)記 原型-標(biāo)記理論　出處：《四川師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：原型范疇理論是認(rèn)知語言學(xué)中一個(gè)重要的理論。原型范疇理論認(rèn)為,范疇的邊界是模糊的,特征是多值性的；范疇中各成員的地位是不相等的,有原型成員和邊緣成員之分；所有的范疇成員都是按照家族相似性隸屬于范疇集合的。原型范疇理論比經(jīng)典范疇理論具有更強(qiáng)的解釋力,但是原型范疇理論也存在著一些不足之處。例如：表征列表過于簡單化、奇數(shù)悖論問題、特征來源問題、對(duì)比范疇問題以及原型范疇理論邊界問題。 標(biāo)記性理論是指在語言內(nèi)部和跨語言之間,某些語言成分可被視為無標(biāo)記的,是簡單、核心或者原型的成分；而另外一些可被看作是有標(biāo)記的,是復(fù)雜、邊緣或者例外的成分。在二語學(xué)習(xí)和外語學(xué)習(xí)中,標(biāo)記現(xiàn)象有時(shí)被作為習(xí)得順序或難度方向的預(yù)測計(jì)。但是標(biāo)記理論也存在一定的缺陷。例如：標(biāo)記理論過于抽象與模糊、劃分標(biāo)記與無標(biāo)記的特征具有模糊性、標(biāo)記與無標(biāo)記的范疇邊界也具有模糊性�；谏鲜瞿：�,不同的人會(huì)有不同的劃分,范疇成員可以隸屬于標(biāo)記的,也可以隸屬于無標(biāo)記的。 原型理論和標(biāo)記性理論旨在解決范疇成員之間地位不對(duì)稱的問題。以此為基礎(chǔ),為了彌補(bǔ)原型理論和標(biāo)記理論各自的不足,本論文試將兩者結(jié)合形成一種新的認(rèn)知視角,即原型-標(biāo)記理論。該理論觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為,在一個(gè)范疇里面,如果一個(gè)范疇成員具有簡單基本的構(gòu)詞形式、處于中心典型的地位、具有低認(rèn)知復(fù)雜度、高認(rèn)知凸顯度,那么該成員就是典型的無標(biāo)記性的成員；如果一個(gè)范疇成員具有復(fù)雜的構(gòu)詞結(jié)構(gòu)、處于邊緣的例外的地位、具有高認(rèn)知復(fù)雜度、低認(rèn)知凸顯度,那么該成員就是非典型的有標(biāo)記性的成員。論文研究表明,該理論觀點(diǎn)能夠?qū)σ恍┱Z言現(xiàn)象,如語義變化中詞義的擴(kuò)大、縮小與轉(zhuǎn)移等作出解釋。這些語言現(xiàn)象出現(xiàn)的原因是,范疇內(nèi)部成員的地位發(fā)生改變,有的由中心成員變成邊緣成員,有的由邊緣成員變成中心成員�？傊�,原型-標(biāo)記理論可以比較好地解釋發(fā)生在同一范疇以及不同范疇中成員之間地位變化的原因,從而有助于一些語言現(xiàn)象的解釋。
[Abstract]:Prototype category theory is an important theory in cognitive linguistics. All the category members belong to the category set according to the family similarity. The prototype category theory has a stronger explanatory power than the classical category theory. However, there are some shortcomings in prototype category theory, such as oversimplification of representation list, odd number paradox problem, feature source problem, contrastive category problem and boundary problem of prototype category theory. Markedness theory means that within and across languages, some language components can be considered as unmarked, simple, core or archetypal elements, while others can be seen as marked and complex. In second language learning and foreign language learning, the phenomenon of markers is sometimes used as a predictor of the acquisition sequence or the direction of difficulty. However, there are some defects in marker theory. For example, it is too abstract and vague. On the basis of the above fuzziness, different people will be divided differently, and the category members may belong to the tagged category. It can also be attached to unmarked. Archetypal theory and markedness theory aim to solve the problem of asymmetric status among category members. Based on this, in order to make up for the shortcomings of archetypal theory and marker theory, this paper attempts to combine the two theories to form a new cognitive perspective. The theory holds that in a category, if a category member has a simple and basic form of word-formation, it is in a central and typical position, with low cognitive complexity and high cognitive prominence. Then the member is a typical unmarked member; if a category member has complex word-formation structure, marginal exception, high cognitive complexity and low cognitive salience, Then the member is an atypical and marked member. The research shows that the theoretical viewpoint can explain some linguistic phenomena, such as the expansion, contraction and transfer of the meaning of words in semantic change. The reasons for these linguistic phenomena are:. The status of members within the category has changed, from central members to marginal members, and others from marginal members to central members. The archetypal-marker theory can explain the reasons for the change of the status of the members in the same category and different categories, which is helpful to the explanation of some linguistic phenomena.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：H0

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本文編號(hào)：1550023