本文關(guān)鍵詞： 人體成語(yǔ) 認(rèn)知機(jī)制 隱喻 轉(zhuǎn)喻 互動(dòng)　出處：《曲阜師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：漢語(yǔ)是世界上最古老而又發(fā)達(dá)的語(yǔ)言之一，有著豐富的詞匯和各種形式的固定詞組，其中表現(xiàn)最生動(dòng)形象的就是成語(yǔ)。人類的范疇、概念、推理和心智是基于身體經(jīng)驗(yàn)形成的,其最基本的形式主要依賴于對(duì)身體部位、空間關(guān)系、力量運(yùn)動(dòng)等的感知而逐步形成。人體成語(yǔ)作為一個(gè)特殊家族，在形式上立足于人本身，由此漢語(yǔ)在發(fā)展演變過(guò)程中也透視出以人為本的中國(guó)獨(dú)特的文化底蘊(yùn)。而且，人體成語(yǔ)在言語(yǔ)交際中常常超出其構(gòu)成要素所表達(dá)的意義，而帶有某些特定的色彩意義。隨著語(yǔ)言學(xué)各分支學(xué)科的成熟與發(fā)展，語(yǔ)言學(xué)科呈現(xiàn)出跨學(xué)科、多層次、多角度、多元化的特點(diǎn)和趨勢(shì)。其中，認(rèn)知語(yǔ)言學(xué)等新興分支學(xué)科的出現(xiàn)，為詞匯、話語(yǔ)、語(yǔ)篇分析以及文學(xué)研究等提供了新的研究視角。從認(rèn)知語(yǔ)言學(xué)的角度看，隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻在成語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成與解讀中發(fā)揮著不可低估的作用。 本文主要研究漢語(yǔ)人體成語(yǔ)，即包含“目、心、手、頭、口、足、耳”等身體器官構(gòu)成的四字成語(yǔ)。此類人體器官作為人體的重要部位，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在成語(yǔ)中。本文基于認(rèn)知語(yǔ)言學(xué)的兩大認(rèn)知機(jī)制，即隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻，采用定性研究的方法，試圖對(duì)漢語(yǔ)人體成語(yǔ)進(jìn)行分析，檢驗(yàn)隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻作為普遍的認(rèn)知機(jī)制如何在人體成語(yǔ)中運(yùn)作，并探究隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻機(jī)制作用下的人體成語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)，從而獲得對(duì)漢語(yǔ)人體成語(yǔ)的新理解。 本文包括五個(gè)部分。第一部分對(duì)研究課題、研究目的、研究方法及語(yǔ)料的收集作出簡(jiǎn)單介紹。第二部分回顧學(xué)者們?cè)跐h語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)研究方面取得的成果。第三部分是本研究的理論框架，主要介紹與認(rèn)知隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻相關(guān)的理論。第四部分是本研究的主體，主要通過(guò)實(shí)例分析漢語(yǔ)人體成語(yǔ)的認(rèn)知機(jī)制。最后一部分總結(jié)本研究的結(jié)果,指出研究的局限性，并提出對(duì)未來(lái)研究的建議。 本研究得出了如下的結(jié)論：（一）隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻在漢語(yǔ)人體成語(yǔ)的詮釋中是不可缺少的；（二）在漢語(yǔ)人體成語(yǔ)中，轉(zhuǎn)喻現(xiàn)象比隱喻更普遍，并且具有不可拆分性，是非任意的，這與人體部位本身的特征有關(guān)；（三）人體成語(yǔ)通過(guò)對(duì)特定身體器官的特點(diǎn)和功能的凸顯，表達(dá)人類的各種情感意義。本研究進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明，隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻是成語(yǔ)解讀過(guò)程中有效的、不可缺少的認(rèn)知工具，從而為成語(yǔ)詞匯的習(xí)得提供了依據(jù)。本文對(duì)人體成語(yǔ)研究作了系統(tǒng)、全面的梳理，其研究結(jié)果對(duì)詞匯習(xí)得與教學(xué)以及成語(yǔ)的翻譯具有重要的啟示意義。
[Abstract]:Chinese is one of the oldest and most developed languages in the world, with rich vocabulary and various forms of fixed phrases, among which idioms are the most vivid ones. Human categories, concepts, reasoning and mind are based on physical experience. Its most basic form mainly depends on the perception of body parts, spatial relations, power movements, etc. As a special family, human idioms are based on the human body itself in form. Therefore, in the process of development and evolution of Chinese language, the unique cultural background of people-oriented Chinese is also reflected. Moreover, human idioms often exceed the meaning expressed by their constituent elements in verbal communication. With the maturation and development of the various branches of linguistics, the language discipline presents the characteristics and trends of interdisciplinary, multi-level, multi-angle, pluralistic. The emergence of new branches of cognitive linguistics provides a new perspective for the study of vocabulary, discourse, discourse analysis and literary studies. Metaphor and metonymy play an important role in the formation and interpretation of idioms. This paper mainly studies the Chinese human body idioms, that is, four-character idioms consisting of "eye, heart, hand, head, mouth, foot, ear" and so on. This kind of body organ is an important part of the human body. Based on the two cognitive mechanisms of cognitive linguistics, metaphor and metonymy, this paper attempts to analyze Chinese human idioms by qualitative research. This paper examines how metaphor and metonymy function in human body idioms as a universal cognitive mechanism and explores the characteristics of human idioms under the influence of metaphor and metonymy so as to gain a new understanding of Chinese body idioms. This paper includes five parts. The first part is about the research topic, the purpose of the research, The second part reviews the achievements made by scholars in the study of Chinese idioms. The third part is the theoretical framework of this study. This paper mainly introduces the theories related to cognitive metaphor and metonymy. Part 4th is the main part of this study, which mainly analyzes the cognitive mechanism of Chinese human idioms through examples. The last part summarizes the results of this study and points out the limitations of the study. Suggestions for future research are put forward. This study draws the following conclusions: (1) metaphor and metonymy are indispensable in the interpretation of Chinese human idioms. (2) metonymy is more common than metaphor in Chinese human idioms, and it is inseparably non-arbitrary. This is related to the characteristics of human body parts. (3) Human idioms express human affective meanings by highlighting the characteristics and functions of specific body organs. This study further demonstrates that metaphor and metonymy are effective in the process of interpreting idioms. This paper makes a systematic and comprehensive study of human idioms, the results of which are of great significance for vocabulary acquisition and teaching as well as the translation of idioms.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：H136.3

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