本文關(guān)鍵詞： 人體成語 認知機制 隱喻 轉(zhuǎn)喻 互動　出處：《曲阜師范大學》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：漢語是世界上最古老而又發(fā)達的語言之一，有著豐富的詞匯和各種形式的固定詞組，其中表現(xiàn)最生動形象的就是成語。人類的范疇、概念、推理和心智是基于身體經(jīng)驗形成的,其最基本的形式主要依賴于對身體部位、空間關(guān)系、力量運動等的感知而逐步形成。人體成語作為一個特殊家族，在形式上立足于人本身，由此漢語在發(fā)展演變過程中也透視出以人為本的中國獨特的文化底蘊。而且，人體成語在言語交際中常常超出其構(gòu)成要素所表達的意義，而帶有某些特定的色彩意義。隨著語言學各分支學科的成熟與發(fā)展，語言學科呈現(xiàn)出跨學科、多層次、多角度、多元化的特點和趨勢。其中，認知語言學等新興分支學科的出現(xiàn)，為詞匯、話語、語篇分析以及文學研究等提供了新的研究視角。從認知語言學的角度看，隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻在成語的構(gòu)成與解讀中發(fā)揮著不可低估的作用。 本文主要研究漢語人體成語，即包含“目、心、手、頭、口、足、耳”等身體器官構(gòu)成的四字成語。此類人體器官作為人體的重要部位，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在成語中。本文基于認知語言學的兩大認知機制，即隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻，采用定性研究的方法，試圖對漢語人體成語進行分析，檢驗隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻作為普遍的認知機制如何在人體成語中運作，并探究隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻機制作用下的人體成語的特點，從而獲得對漢語人體成語的新理解。 本文包括五個部分。第一部分對研究課題、研究目的、研究方法及語料的收集作出簡單介紹。第二部分回顧學者們在漢語成語研究方面取得的成果。第三部分是本研究的理論框架，主要介紹與認知隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻相關(guān)的理論。第四部分是本研究的主體，主要通過實例分析漢語人體成語的認知機制。最后一部分總結(jié)本研究的結(jié)果,指出研究的局限性，并提出對未來研究的建議。 本研究得出了如下的結(jié)論：（一）隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻在漢語人體成語的詮釋中是不可缺少的；（二）在漢語人體成語中，轉(zhuǎn)喻現(xiàn)象比隱喻更普遍，并且具有不可拆分性，是非任意的，這與人體部位本身的特征有關(guān)；（三）人體成語通過對特定身體器官的特點和功能的凸顯，表達人類的各種情感意義。本研究進一步說明，隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻是成語解讀過程中有效的、不可缺少的認知工具，從而為成語詞匯的習得提供了依據(jù)。本文對人體成語研究作了系統(tǒng)、全面的梳理，其研究結(jié)果對詞匯習得與教學以及成語的翻譯具有重要的啟示意義。
[Abstract]:Chinese is one of the oldest and most developed languages in the world, with rich vocabulary and various forms of fixed phrases, among which idioms are the most vivid ones. Human categories, concepts, reasoning and mind are based on physical experience. Its most basic form mainly depends on the perception of body parts, spatial relations, power movements, etc. As a special family, human idioms are based on the human body itself in form. Therefore, in the process of development and evolution of Chinese language, the unique cultural background of people-oriented Chinese is also reflected. Moreover, human idioms often exceed the meaning expressed by their constituent elements in verbal communication. With the maturation and development of the various branches of linguistics, the language discipline presents the characteristics and trends of interdisciplinary, multi-level, multi-angle, pluralistic. The emergence of new branches of cognitive linguistics provides a new perspective for the study of vocabulary, discourse, discourse analysis and literary studies. Metaphor and metonymy play an important role in the formation and interpretation of idioms. This paper mainly studies the Chinese human body idioms, that is, four-character idioms consisting of "eye, heart, hand, head, mouth, foot, ear" and so on. This kind of body organ is an important part of the human body. Based on the two cognitive mechanisms of cognitive linguistics, metaphor and metonymy, this paper attempts to analyze Chinese human idioms by qualitative research. This paper examines how metaphor and metonymy function in human body idioms as a universal cognitive mechanism and explores the characteristics of human idioms under the influence of metaphor and metonymy so as to gain a new understanding of Chinese body idioms. This paper includes five parts. The first part is about the research topic, the purpose of the research, The second part reviews the achievements made by scholars in the study of Chinese idioms. The third part is the theoretical framework of this study. This paper mainly introduces the theories related to cognitive metaphor and metonymy. Part 4th is the main part of this study, which mainly analyzes the cognitive mechanism of Chinese human idioms through examples. The last part summarizes the results of this study and points out the limitations of the study. Suggestions for future research are put forward. This study draws the following conclusions: (1) metaphor and metonymy are indispensable in the interpretation of Chinese human idioms. (2) metonymy is more common than metaphor in Chinese human idioms, and it is inseparably non-arbitrary. This is related to the characteristics of human body parts. (3) Human idioms express human affective meanings by highlighting the characteristics and functions of specific body organs. This study further demonstrates that metaphor and metonymy are effective in the process of interpreting idioms. This paper makes a systematic and comprehensive study of human idioms, the results of which are of great significance for vocabulary acquisition and teaching as well as the translation of idioms.
【學位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H136.3

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