本文關(guān)鍵詞： 設(shè)喻否定 反喻 比喻 范疇 預(yù)設(shè)　出處：《復(fù)旦大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本文的主要研究對象是一種修辭手法——“設(shè)喻否定”。語言表現(xiàn)如下： 在緊閉的門后面,人的思維作用發(fā)揮得最好。人不像馬,得圈在一起。(《讀者(合訂本)》) 它是一種描述“不相似事件(X不像Y一樣Z)”的修辭性否定句�！霸O(shè)喻否定”雖然語言表現(xiàn)形式多樣,但都可提煉出一個不相似事件。如上例句的不相似事件即是“人/不像/馬/一樣得圈在一起”。 上世紀(jì)80年代,這一語言現(xiàn)象曾引起學(xué)界熱議,然而爭議頗多,尚無定論。部分學(xué)者把它看作比喻的一個小類,稱“反喻”,義指否定形式的比喻。也有學(xué)者持相反意見,從有無“相似性”的角度出發(fā),認(rèn)為此現(xiàn)象被比較的兩事物間不具備相似性,因而不是一種比喻,建議另立新格。這也是爭議焦點(diǎn)所在。 除上述爭議懸而未決外,相關(guān)修辭格研究文獻(xiàn)多只對其定義、表現(xiàn)和修辭效果一筆帶過。研究也多僅從修辭學(xué)角度入手,停留在語言表現(xiàn)的層面,且各家說法出入較大。 經(jīng)研究,本文認(rèn)為這種修辭現(xiàn)象在構(gòu)成、運(yùn)作機(jī)制、修辭動因等核心修辭因素上的表現(xiàn)與比喻截然不同,不宜當(dāng)作比喻下屬小類研究。故依照研究對象的語言表現(xiàn)和運(yùn)作機(jī)制暫稱之為“設(shè)喻否定”,義指“對預(yù)設(shè)比喻的否定”。“設(shè)喻”指的就是“預(yù)設(shè)比喻”,“設(shè)喻否定”顯示了它修辭動因作用下的運(yùn)作機(jī)制,即通過對預(yù)設(shè)比喻的否定,產(chǎn)生一系列的修辭效果。 除重新界定研究對象的性質(zhì)、定義之外,論文借鑒預(yù)設(shè)理論和認(rèn)知語言學(xué)對范疇、隱喻的研究成果,嘗試對這種修辭現(xiàn)象的性質(zhì)、構(gòu)成、類型、運(yùn)作機(jī)制、修辭動因、修辭效果、判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等問題做了深入、系統(tǒng)的研究。并在前人研究基礎(chǔ)之上,重新界定了比喻辭格的判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。論文也希望通過對這些問題的探討,達(dá)到“一定二分三明”的效果：一“定”,指確定這種語言現(xiàn)象的性質(zhì)歸屬；“分”,指區(qū)分“設(shè)喻否定”和“比喻”,區(qū)分“設(shè)喻否定”與其他描寫“不相似事件”的句子；三“明”,指明確“設(shè)喻否定”的三個核心問題——運(yùn)作機(jī)制、修辭動因和判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 論文主體部分包括七章。 第一章,引言。介紹研究對象的語言表現(xiàn),初步給出研究對象的定義,并交代本文的主要研究價(jià)值和研究方法。 第二章,綜述前人研究成果,評析“反喻說”和“另立辭格說”兩種觀點(diǎn),并提出本文對研究對象性質(zhì)的看法。 第三章,指出設(shè)喻否定包括五個基本構(gòu)成要素,并分別根據(jù)相異主體性質(zhì)、否定語氣和(預(yù)設(shè)比喻)喻詞的不同為設(shè)喻否定分類。 第四章,詳細(xì)分析了設(shè)喻否定的運(yùn)作機(jī)制,并比較它與比喻運(yùn)作機(jī)制的不同。兩者都可看作說話人或作者對本體范疇的臨時(shí)劃歸,但劃歸的過程和結(jié)果卻根本不同。我們認(rèn)為兩者之所以是殊途而不能同歸,首先緣于運(yùn)作機(jī)制上的差別。 第五章,分析了設(shè)喻否定的修辭動因。提出設(shè)喻否定的直接修辭動因和根本動因。并從修辭動因的角度,區(qū)分了設(shè)喻否定和易與之混淆的、其他描寫“不相似事件”的句子。本章的另一個重要內(nèi)容是討論了設(shè)喻否定的修辭效果。 第六章,從句子所描寫的“不相似事件”是恒定成立還是限時(shí)成立的角度,將設(shè)喻否定分為“恒定設(shè)喻否定”和“時(shí)限設(shè)喻否定”。并根據(jù)“不相似事件”的成立與否情況,區(qū)分設(shè)喻否定和其他描寫“不相似事件”的句子。 第七章,在前人研究基礎(chǔ)上,分析指出判定比喻的“最低標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”和“典型標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”,以及比喻的成立條件。并綜合前文六章的研究結(jié)論,總結(jié)了設(shè)喻否定的判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 論文的最后是結(jié)語部分,概括了本文的主要研究成果和不足之處。
[Abstract]:The main object of this paper is a kind of Rhetoric -- "metaphorical negation" language as follows:
Behind closed doors, the mind works best. Unlike the horse, to be herded together. ("Reader (magazine) >)
It is a description of "similar events (unlike Y X Z)" rhetoric phenomenon. "Images of negation" although the language forms, but can be extracted from a similar event. As examples of similar events is not unlike "/ / MA / like circle together".
In 80s, this phenomenon has caused the academic hot, yet controversial and inconclusive. Some scholars regard it as a kind of metaphor, called "anti Yu", meaning the negative form of metaphor. Some scholars hold the opposite opinion, there is no "similarity" from the perspective of think of two things, this phenomenon was compared between do not have similarity, so it is not a metaphor, suggest a new lattice. This is also the focus of controversy.
In addition to the above controversies, most of the literature on rhetorical figures has been carried out in terms of its definition, performance and rhetorical effect.
Through research, this paper argues that the operation mechanism of the rhetorical phenomena in composition, performance, and figurative rhetoric motivation on different core rhetorical factors, not as a subordinate class. So the research of metaphor study in accordance with the language performance and the operation mechanism of temporarily called "metaphorical negation", meaning "negation of" presupposition of the metaphor. "Metaphor" refers to the "Presupposition" metaphor, metaphor "Negation" shows its operation mechanism under the effect of rhetorical motivations, namely through the negative presupposition of metaphor, produced a series of rhetorical effect.
In addition, re defining the research object definition, based on the theory of presupposition and cognitive linguistics to the research category, metaphor, try to nature, this rhetoric phenomenon, type, operation mechanism, rhetorical motivation, rhetorical effects, standards and other issues to do in-depth, systematic study. And on the basis of research the former, redefine the criteria of metaphor. The paper also hopes that through the discussion of these issues, to achieve "two Sanming" effect: a "set", refers to the ownership nature of this kind of language phenomenon identified; "points", refers to the distinction between "metaphorical negation" and "metaphor" and "metaphorical negation distinguish the description of" not "and other similar events" of the sentence; three "Ming", refers to the three core of the operation mechanism of "clear images of negation, rhetorical motivations and standards.
The main part of the thesis consists of seven chapters.
The first chapter, introduction, introduces the language performance of the research object, gives a preliminary definition of the research object, and gives an account of the main research value and research methods of this article.
The second chapter reviews previous research results, analysis of the "anti metaphors" and "separate figures" two views, and put forward opinions on the nature of the object.
The third chapter pointed out that metaphor negation consists of five basic elements, and respectively according to the different nature of the main body, and the negative mood (default metaphor) words for different images of negative classification.
The fourth chapter, a detailed analysis of the operation mechanism of metaphor in the negative, and compare it with the analogy operation mechanism is different. Both can be seen as a speaker or writer under the category of ontology of temporary, but the process and results of the classified are totally different. We think the two are not the same way, primarily due to the difference on operation mechanism.
The fifth chapter analyzes the rhetorical motivations, metaphors negative. Put forward the direct rhetoric motivation and motivation of metaphorical negation. And from the perspective of rhetorical motivations, the distinction between the metaphorical negation and easily confused, "no other description of similar events" sentences. Another important content of this chapter is to discuss the rhetorical effect of metaphors negative.
The sixth chapter described from the sentence "similar events" is the constant true or limit established point of view, will be divided into "negative images of constant negative metaphor" and "metaphorical time negation". According to "the establishment of similar events" or not, to distinguish between images of negation and the other description of "similar events" sentence.
The seventh chapter, on the basis of previous studies, pointed out that the determination of metaphor "minimum standards" and "typical", and the establishment of an analogy. The six chapter of conclusions and based on the above, summarizes the criteria of metaphorical negation.
The last part of the thesis is the concluding part, which summarizes the main research results and shortcomings of this paper.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H146

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本文編號：1538318