本文關(guān)鍵詞： 語音 實(shí)詞 語法范疇　出處：《河南大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：漢語阿拉伯語皆為聯(lián)合國(guó)法定的六種工作語言之一，分屬于兩大語系：漢藏語系和閃含語系。兩者之間存在著很多共性和個(gè)性。阿拉伯語屬于屈折語，用豐富的詞形變化來表示不同的語法意義，漢語屬于孤立語，不是通過詞的內(nèi)部形態(tài)變化來表達(dá)語法意義的，主要是通過虛詞和固定的詞序來表達(dá)語法意義。 全文共有四章。本文第一章介紹了選題的目的和意義，并對(duì)以往研究進(jìn)行了回顧。第二章對(duì)漢語、阿拉伯語的語音進(jìn)行了對(duì)比，這一章分為三個(gè)小節(jié)，第一節(jié)對(duì)比漢語、阿拉伯語的元音。首先對(duì)這兩種語言元音發(fā)音部位和方法進(jìn)行了描寫，接著對(duì)漢語和阿拉伯語中相似元音例如一些單元音、雙元音、鼻化元音進(jìn)行了辨析，指出其差別，并對(duì)二者的半元音進(jìn)行了對(duì)比分析。第二節(jié)是對(duì)比了漢語、阿拉伯語的輔音。首先列表對(duì)二者的輔音發(fā)音方法及部位進(jìn)行對(duì)比，并找出7對(duì)二者發(fā)音基本相同的音和二者相似的音以及完全不同的音。第三節(jié)對(duì)兩種語言的音節(jié)進(jìn)行了對(duì)比，漢語一個(gè)字就是一個(gè)音節(jié)，可以由一個(gè)元音構(gòu)成，也可由輔音加元音構(gòu)成；阿語音節(jié)必須有輔音和元音，而且必須以輔音開頭。并對(duì)漢語阿拉伯語音節(jié)音位配合關(guān)系進(jìn)行對(duì)比。第三章是兩種語言的實(shí)詞語法范疇的比較，分別從名詞的“性”、“數(shù)”、“格”、“指”方面，動(dòng)詞的“時(shí)”、“體”、“態(tài)”方面，數(shù)詞中的基數(shù)詞和分?jǐn)?shù)詞和序數(shù)詞以及數(shù)詞的文化內(nèi)涵進(jìn)行了對(duì)比分析。再者對(duì)代詞中的人稱代詞和指示代詞進(jìn)行對(duì)比。通過對(duì)比得出以下結(jié)論：語音方面，兩種語音相同的輔音有6個(gè)，半元音有2個(gè)，阿拉伯語中喉音有8個(gè)，占其輔音總數(shù)的三分之一，阿語輔音中清濁對(duì)立的音多于漢語，漢語的送氣音多于阿語；元音在漢語音節(jié)中的地位要重于在阿拉伯語中，阿語開口符變體較多。實(shí)詞語法范疇對(duì)比方面：名詞中“性”范疇中，阿語分陰陽性；“數(shù)”范疇中阿拉伯語分單數(shù)、雙數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)，阿語名詞“格”分主格、賓格和屬格，都有相應(yīng)的詞形變化。漢語動(dòng)詞在句中多位于名詞后面，阿語則位于句首，一個(gè)動(dòng)詞既代表詞匯意義又代表“時(shí)態(tài)”、“人稱”、“性”和“數(shù)”。數(shù)詞上阿語的系數(shù)詞要根據(jù)被數(shù)詞的陰陽性和格位進(jìn)行變化，阿語中位數(shù)詞只有百、千、百萬、十億、萬億，比漢語的位數(shù)詞少，，在數(shù)字喜好上中國(guó)人喜歡數(shù)字六和八，忌諱四，阿拉伯人則偏愛七。阿拉伯語的人稱代詞分為單數(shù)、雙數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)，指示代詞放在名詞的后面，可做一般名詞用，漢語則不能。
[Abstract]:Chinese Arabic is one of the six official working languages of the United Nations. It belongs to two major languages: the Chinese-Tibetan language family and the Fleming language family. There are many similarities and differences between the two languages. Different grammatical meanings are expressed by abundant changes in lexical form. Chinese is an isolated language, which is not expressed by the internal morphological change of words, but mainly by function words and fixed word order. There are four chapters in this paper. The first chapter introduces the purpose and significance of the topic, and reviews the previous studies. The second chapter compares the pronunciation of Chinese and Arabic, this chapter is divided into three sections, the first section contrasts Chinese. The vowels of the two languages are described first, and then the similar vowels in Chinese and Arabic, such as some unit sounds, divowels, and nasal vowels, are distinguished and analyzed, and the differences between them are pointed out. In the second section, the consonants of Chinese and Arabic are compared. In the third section, the syllables of the two languages are compared. A word in Chinese is a syllable, which can be made up of a vowel. It can also be composed of consonants and vowels; A phonetics section must have consonants and vowels, and must begin with consonants. The third chapter is a comparison of the grammatical categories of notional words in the two languages. From the aspects of "sex", "number", "case", "meaning" of nouns, "tense", "aspect" and "state" of verbs, The cardinal words, fraction words, ordinal words and the cultural connotations of numerals are compared and analyzed. Furthermore, the personal pronouns and demonstrative pronouns in pronouns are compared. There are 6 consonants, 2 semi-vowels and 8 laryngeal sounds in Arabic, accounting for 1/3 of the total consonants. The number of consonants in Arabic is more than that in Chinese, and the number of aspirated sounds in Chinese is more than that in Arabic. Vowels play a more important role in Chinese syllables than in Arabic, where there are more variations of opening symbols. In the contrastive aspect of grammatical categories of notional words: in the category of "sex" in nouns, Arabic is divided into yin and yang; in the category of "number", Arabic is divided into singular and even numbers. The plural, the Arabic noun "case" divides into the subject case, the object case and the genus case, has the corresponding word form change. A verb represents both lexical meaning and "tense", "person", "sex" and "number". Chinese like numbers six and eight, taboo four, Arabs prefer seven. Arabic personal pronouns are divided into singular, even and plural numbers, and demonstrative pronouns are placed after nouns. It can be used as a general noun, but not in Chinese.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：H37;H146

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