本文關(guān)鍵詞： 警示類告示語 語用研究 宏觀 微觀　出處：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：中國使用告示語進行宣傳的歷史悠久,堪稱告示語使用大國。無論是在安寧平靜的鄉(xiāng)村還是在繁華喧鬧的都市,告示語的身影隨處可見。無論是在革命年代還是在和平年代,告示語在動員民眾方面始終占據(jù)著其他動員方式無可替代的位置�？偟恼f來,在社會生活的方方面面,告示語都發(fā)揮著重要的宣傳作用。 隨著社會的變遷和時代的發(fā)展,漢語告示語也在悄然發(fā)生著變化。而警示類告示語則是告示語中變化最快、反應(yīng)最靈敏的一個小類。警示類告示語是社會發(fā)展的一面鏡子,從中可以折射出社會的發(fā)展進步程度。如今,警示類告示語的面貌早已煥然一新,不再以單一、死板的面目示人,而是變得委婉幽默,更具有人性化。這些變化無不昭示著社會文明程度的提高。警示類告示語的正確使用不僅有助于樹立良好的社會風(fēng)氣而且可以為經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展營造良好的人文環(huán)境。本文旨在運用語用學(xué)原理從宏觀和微觀兩個角度來分析漢語警示類告示語的特點和規(guī)律,為撰寫符合時代潮流、被廣大群眾喜聞樂見的警示類告示語提出一些建議。 第1章,介紹了本研究的緣起和意義,對本研究的范圍作了界定,并對國內(nèi)告示語研究現(xiàn)狀做了一番梳理,然后對本文的語料來源進行了說明。 第2章,介紹了漢語告示語的分類。本文的分類是根據(jù)語言學(xué)家Searle的言語行為理論,把告示語分為指示類告示語、呼告類告示語、警示類告示語及慶賀類告示語。警示類告示語屬于指令類告示語,根據(jù)它的語言特點,可以將其分為兩個次類：禁止類警示語和勸告教育類警示語。并通過數(shù)據(jù)分析得出結(jié)論：目前勸告教育類警示語的運用比例要遠遠高于禁止類警示語。 第3章,從宏觀角度出發(fā),運用順應(yīng)理論分析了警示類告示語的語言選擇。其語言選擇具有明顯的變異性和協(xié)商性。警示語的語言選擇要順應(yīng)不同的語境,即交際語境和語言語境。在話語構(gòu)筑要素的選擇上,勸告教育類警示語要比禁止類警示語更加復(fù)雜多變。在研究警示類告示語意義生成的動態(tài)性時,要著重考察時間維度、語境因素和語言結(jié)構(gòu)等方面。越是能夠引起聽讀者注意的警示類告示語,其意識突顯性就越強。這類告示語的意識突顯性主要體現(xiàn)在話語構(gòu)筑要素的選擇和過量信息使用這兩方面。 第4章,從微觀角度分析了時下常見的漢語警示類告示語。具體使用言語行為理論、關(guān)聯(lián)理論、禮貌原則和合作原則等語用策略。 第5章,分析了影響漢語警示類告示語語用效果的原因。主要有以下幾種：對語境因素的忽視、語言要素使用不當、語用策略選擇失誤等。提出了一些建構(gòu)警示類告示語的想法：警示類告示語的使用要有針對性人群,要充分考慮到語境因素,要符合語言規(guī)范。最后對本文的基本觀點和不足之處作了總結(jié)。
[Abstract]:China has a long history of using signs for propaganda, which can be regarded as a great country in the use of signs. Whether in peaceful and peaceful villages or bustling and noisy cities, the signs are everywhere. Whether in revolutionary times or in peaceful times, Notice language has always occupied an irreplaceable position in mobilizing people. Generally speaking, in all aspects of social life, sign language plays an important role in propaganda. With the change of the society and the development of the times, the Chinese sign language is also changing quietly. The warning sign language is the fastest changing and the most sensitive kind of notice language. The warning sign language is a mirror of the social development. It can reflect the degree of social development and progress. Today, the warning signs have taken on a new look and become euphemistic and humorous instead of presenting themselves with a single, rigid face. These changes all show the improvement of social civilization. The correct use of warning signs can not only help to set up a good social atmosphere but also create a good humanistic environment for economic and social development. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the characteristics and laws of Chinese warning signs from macro and micro perspectives by using pragmatic principles. In order to write in line with the trend of the times, the majority of people like the warning signs put forward some suggestions. The first chapter introduces the origin and significance of this study, defines the scope of this study, and combs the current situation of the study of notice language in China, and then explains the source of the corpus of this paper. In chapter 2, the classification of Chinese notice language is introduced. According to the speech act theory of linguist Searle, the notice language is divided into demonstrative notice language, call notice type notice language, Warning type notice language and celebration type notice language. Warning type notice language belongs to instruction type notice language, according to its language characteristic, It can be divided into two categories: prohibition warning language and exhortation warning language, and it is concluded by data analysis that the proportion of warning language used in exhortation education is much higher than that in prohibited warning language. In chapter 3, from the macro point of view, we analyze the language choice of warning notice language by using adaptation theory. The language choice of warning language has obvious variability and negotiation, and the language choice of warning language should adapt to different contexts. That is, communicative context and linguistic context. In the choice of the elements of discourse construction, the warning language of exhortation education is more complex and changeable than that of forbidden warning. When studying the dynamic nature of the meaning generation of warning warning, we should pay attention to the time dimension. Context factors and language structure. The more attention can be drawn to the warning notice language, The consciousness salience of this kind of notice language is mainly reflected in the choice of discourse construction elements and the excessive use of information. In chapter 4, we analyze the common warning language in Chinese from a micro perspective. We use speech act theory, relevance theory, politeness principle and cooperative principle. Chapter 5 analyzes the reasons that affect the pragmatic effect of the warning notice language in Chinese. The main reasons are as follows: neglect of context factors, improper use of language elements, etc. This paper puts forward some ideas for the construction of warning signs: the use of warning signs should be targeted at the population and the context factors should be fully taken into account. Finally, the basic viewpoints and shortcomings of this paper are summarized.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H13

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