本文關鍵詞： 量詞 名詞 的 認知 主觀量　出處：《渤海大學》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：“一+量詞+名詞”結構（簡稱“一量名”結構）是一種常見的“數(shù)量名”結構，“的”是現(xiàn)代漢語中使用頻率最高的詞，然而有的“一量名”結構中可以加“的”，有的“一量名”結構中不可以加“的”。通過對《現(xiàn)代漢語詞典》（第5版）中有明確標注的464個專用物量詞及日常生活中使用頻率較高的借用量詞的分析研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)由這些量詞構成的“一量名”結構與“的”的關系可以從如下三個角度進行分析：“一+專用量詞+名詞”結構與“的”、“一+借用量詞+名詞”結構與“的”以及“一+量詞+名詞”結構變式與“的”。 研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：當“一量名”結構中的量詞為專用量詞中的個體量詞、集合量詞、不定量詞及動源量詞時，，該結構多數(shù)情況下不加“的”，但少數(shù)情況下為了起強調作用也可以加“的”；當“一量名”結構中的量詞為名源量詞或結構中量詞重疊時，該結構加不加“的”皆可；當“一量名”結構中的量詞為度量衡量詞時，多數(shù)情況下加不加“的”皆可，少數(shù)情況下必須加“的”。 “一量名”結構中一般情況下不可以插入“的”，但有些情況下卻可以。這種現(xiàn)象除了取決于量詞自身的一些語法、語義特征外，還與結構中量詞語法化程度的高低有關。量詞語法化程度越高，該結構越不易與“的”連用；而量詞語法化程度越低，該結構越易與“的”連用。此外，這種現(xiàn)象還與量詞在語義上跟數(shù)詞“一”與名詞二者在語義聯(lián)系上的緊密程度有關。當量詞與數(shù)詞“一”語義上結合緊密，以表示名詞的數(shù)量時，一般名詞之前可以加“的”；當量詞和名詞結合更為緊密，主要對名詞起限定、描繪作用而不是重在計量時，則名詞前不能加“的”。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，多數(shù)情況下“一量的名”結構具有表達主觀大量的作用，但也有一少部分的“一量的名”結構可以表達主觀小量，這主要與量詞的量級及語境等因素有關。
[Abstract]:The structure of "one quantifier noun" (abbreviated as "one quantity name") is a kind of common "quantity name" structure, and "one measure noun" is the most frequently used word in modern Chinese. However, there are "one quantity name" structure can be added "." Some "can't be added" in the structure of "one quantity name". Through the "Modern Chinese Dictionary" (5th edition). The analysis and research of 464 special object classifiers and loan quantifiers which are frequently used in daily life. It is found that the relationship between the structure and the structure of a quantifier can be analyzed from the following three angles: "structure and" of a special classifier noun. A borrowed classifier noun "structure and" and "a quantifier noun" "structural variation and". It is found that when the quantifiers in the "one-measure name" structure are individual quantifiers, aggregate quantifiers, indefinite quantifiers and verb-source quantifiers in the special quantifier, the structure will not be added in most cases. In a few cases, however, "" can be added in order to play an important role "; When the quantifier in the "one quantity name" structure is a nominal-source quantifier or the quantifier in the structure is overlapped, the structure can be added "or not". When the quantifier in the structure of "one quantity name" is a measure and measure word, in most cases "can" is added without "," "must be added" in a few cases. "A quantifier" structure is not normally allowed to insert "", but in some cases it can. This phenomenon depends on the grammatical and semantic features of the quantifier itself. It also has something to do with the grammaticalization of classifiers in the structure. The higher the grammaticalization of classifiers, the more difficult the structure is to be used with "the". The lower the grammaticalization of quantifiers, the easier the structure is to be used with "". This phenomenon is also related to the degree of semantic connection between quantifiers and numerals "one" and nouns. When quantifiers and numerals "one" are closely combined semantically to represent the number of nouns. General nouns can be preceded by ""; " When quantifiers and nouns are more closely combined, mainly limited to nouns, descriptive function rather than emphasis on measurement, then nouns can not be added before "." In most cases, "one quantity of name" structure can express a large number of subjective functions, but there is also a small part of "a quantity of name" structure can express a small amount of subjective, which is mainly related to the quantifier's order of magnitude and context and other factors.
【學位授予單位】：渤海大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H146

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