【摘要】：歧義是語言中廣泛存在的一種現(xiàn)象。觸發(fā)和消除歧義的因素可歸結為語言內部因素(語音，語法，語義)和語言外部因素(語用)。在漢語語法研究中歧義是一個重大突破，趙元任，朱德熙，呂叔湘最早提出漢語歧義分化的依據(jù)。西方歧義研究可追溯到古希臘哲學的思辯思想。但語用歧義這一范疇展開研究是自上世紀70年代起。英漢語言結構盡管有不同規(guī)則的制約，詞語及其組合有各自的內涵和聯(lián)想意義，但都需要在運用中與相關條件結合，即通過語境的控制才能解釋歧義，完成言語交際。本文即從語境出發(fā)來研究歧義。 本論文在傳統(tǒng)靜態(tài)歧義對比研究的基礎上擴大到動態(tài)語用過程中產(chǎn)生的歧義，因為動態(tài)里面的歧義有時候靜態(tài)是無法解釋的，靜態(tài)里的歧義在動態(tài)里不一定就有歧義。擴大到動態(tài)里面研究歧義，就包括語用研究的各個方面都可能產(chǎn)生歧義：指示語歧義，間接言語行為歧義，話語含意歧義，預設歧義，語境歧義。由于認知的共性，英漢語用過程產(chǎn)生的歧義可能是相通的。但另一方面，不同文化背景的人對源語語用歧義有時卻難以理解，這又涉及民族文化心理，就是深層的原因。歧義有消極和積極兩方面的作用。本文著重積極方面就是因為要強調歧義的語用功能。 在英漢互譯中，歧義式的翻譯是一個難點。翻譯可以消除歧義，本身也可能產(chǎn)生歧義。對于一些日常對話、文學作品以及廣告中的歧義現(xiàn)象，我們盡量從語用角度來解讀并翻譯，因為這些歧義往往是作者為了達到某種藝術效果而設計的修辭手段，如比喻、雙關等，其根本特征就是利用語言上的歧義。它們常常是說話者的蓄意安排，通過多種語言手段在語音、詞匯、句法等層次上反映出來，利用語言細微的差別，達到耐人尋味、或出其不意的效果。對于原作的語用意義的的傳達及其在譯作中的得失問題，，翻譯任務是保證和促進原作者和譯文讀者的交際成功。從語用角度談翻譯涉及語言的交際功能，類似奈達(Nida)所說的“功能對等”(functional equivalence)。為此，翻譯可以采取各種策略(直譯，意譯，注釋，替換，變通等)以幫助譯文讀者找到原文語境與譯文的最佳關聯(lián)，達到交際效果。 論文對于歧義的語用過程的研究，旨在證明英漢兩種語言在語用歧義上的相通性，盡管存在文化差異。因此，歧義的語用分析可以有助于英漢互譯實踐，歧義不僅可譯，而且可譯的好。
[Abstract]:Ambiguity is a widespread phenomenon in language. The factors that trigger and disambiguate can be attributed to the internal factors of language (phonetics, grammar, semantics) and the external factors of language (pragmatics). Ambiguity is a major breakthrough in the study of Chinese grammar. Zhao Yuanren, Zhu Dexi and Lv Shuxiang first put forward the basis for the differentiation of Chinese ambiguity. The study of Western ambiguity can be traced back to the thinking of ancient Greek philosophy. However, the study of pragmatic ambiguity has been carried out since the 1970s. Although English and Chinese language structures are restricted by different rules, words and their combinations have their own connotations and associative meanings, but they all need to be combined with relevant conditions in their application, that is, through the control of context, they can interpret ambiguity and complete verbal communication. This paper studies ambiguity from the perspective of context. Based on the traditional contrastive study of static ambiguity, this thesis extends to the ambiguity produced in the dynamic pragmatic process, because the ambiguity in the dynamic state is sometimes unexplainable, and the ambiguity in the static state is not necessarily ambiguous in the dynamic context. Expanding to study ambiguity in dynamics includes ambiguity in every aspect of pragmatic research: deixis ambiguity, indirect speech act ambiguity, utterance ambiguity, presupposition ambiguity, contextual ambiguity. Due to cognitive commonness, the ambiguity produced by English and Chinese pragmatic processes may be interlinked. On the other hand, it is sometimes difficult for people from different cultural backgrounds to understand the pragmatic ambiguity of the source language, which involves the national cultural psychology, which is the deep reason. Ambiguity has both negative and positive effects. The purpose of this paper is to emphasize the pragmatic function of ambiguity. Ambiguity translation is a difficulty in English-Chinese translation. Translation can disambiguate and itself may produce ambiguity. We try to interpret and translate the ambiguity in daily dialogues, literary works and advertisements from a pragmatic point of view, because these ambiguities are often rhetorical devices designed by the author to achieve an artistic effect, such as metaphors. Puns and so on, its basic characteristic is the use of language ambiguity. They are often deliberately arranged by the speaker. They are reflected at the phonological, lexical and syntactic levels by a variety of linguistic means, and the subtle differences in language are used to achieve intriguing or unexpected effects. The task of translation is to ensure and promote the success of communication between the original author and the target reader. Translation involves the communicative function of language from a pragmatic Perspective, similar to what Nida (Nida) calls "functional equivalence" (functional equivalence). Therefore, translation can adopt various strategies (literal translation, free translation, annotation, substitution, flexibility, etc.) in order to help the target readers to find the best relevance between the original context and the target text and achieve the communicative effect. The purpose of this paper is to prove the similarities between English and Chinese in pragmatic ambiguity, despite the cultural differences. Therefore, pragmatic analysis of ambiguity can contribute to the practice of English-Chinese translation. Ambiguity is not only translatable, but also translatable.
【學位授予單位】：上海海事大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2006
【分類號】：H315.9

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