【摘要】： 隨著激光器的發(fā)展,激光打標(biāo)技術(shù)在激光加工的領(lǐng)域中應(yīng)用越來越廣泛,比如電子工業(yè)、汽車工業(yè)、五金、日常用品、標(biāo)簽技術(shù)、航空工業(yè)、儀器儀表以及廣告標(biāo)牌等行業(yè)。它具有傳統(tǒng)方法(腐蝕加工、電火花加工、機(jī)械刻化加工、印刷等)難以比擬的優(yōu)點(diǎn),其優(yōu)點(diǎn)在于打標(biāo)效率高、精度高、質(zhì)量高、熱影響區(qū)小、無污染等,因此激光打標(biāo)系統(tǒng)值得深入分析和研究。 目前,激光打標(biāo)的主要對(duì)象分為圖像和文字,而文字可以通過其它方式轉(zhuǎn)化保存為圖像,因此本文主要針對(duì)以圖像作為激光打標(biāo)對(duì)象存在的問題進(jìn)行研究。 圖像主要分為位圖和矢量圖,位圖雖然內(nèi)容豐富,應(yīng)用廣泛,但是占用空間大、打標(biāo)效率低,失真大;矢量圖雖然占用的空間小,失真小、效率高,但是矢量圖大都依靠AutoCAD等軟件繪制成,生成的圖形簡(jiǎn)單,繪制時(shí)間長(zhǎng),較復(fù)雜的圖形,要用某些軟件進(jìn)行輪廓勾畫,過程很繁瑣。 針對(duì)以上的問題,本文研究了一種位圖轉(zhuǎn)化為矢量圖的算法流程,該流程主要分為兩大部分:1.圖像預(yù)處理部分,圖像預(yù)處理包含彩色灰度化處理、灰度變換處理、濾波處理、二值化處理;2.圖像特征處理部分,圖像特征處理包含圖像邊緣提取、邊緣細(xì)化處理、邊緣矢量化處理。第一部分的目的是為圖像輪廓邊緣提取和矢量化處理提供一個(gè)較好的初始化環(huán)境;第二部分的目的是提取完整的圖像輪廓邊緣,細(xì)化邊緣寬度為一個(gè)像素,而后進(jìn)行邊緣的矢量化處理,獲取圖像輪廓邊緣的坐標(biāo),進(jìn)而能控制激光打標(biāo)系統(tǒng)的激光器運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡。 鑒于目前激光打標(biāo)控制的方式的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),本文提出了工控機(jī)+運(yùn)動(dòng)控制卡控制方式構(gòu)架本系統(tǒng)的硬件平臺(tái)。運(yùn)動(dòng)控制卡采用了樂創(chuàng)自動(dòng)化有限公司開發(fā)的高性能的多軸運(yùn)動(dòng)控制卡MPC07,其應(yīng)用在系統(tǒng)中的主要功能分為兩軸步進(jìn)電機(jī)控制和激光器控制。由于該運(yùn)動(dòng)控制卡配備了功能強(qiáng)大、內(nèi)容豐富的Windows驅(qū)動(dòng)程序、DLL函數(shù)庫,本文利用這些函數(shù)庫進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)二次開發(fā),大大縮短了打標(biāo)系統(tǒng)開發(fā)的時(shí)間。 本論文的重點(diǎn)放在位圖轉(zhuǎn)為化矢量圖的處理算法的研究,研究其流程算法中的各種處理方法的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),根據(jù)不同圖像特征去選擇合適的圖像處理算法。為了能自適應(yīng)提取各種圖像完整邊緣,本文還針對(duì)傳統(tǒng)邊緣檢測(cè)Canny算子進(jìn)行一些的改進(jìn)和完善。不同特征的圖像使用的圖像處理算法不同,因此流程中所包含的步驟的處理算法很多,其算法的適合性根據(jù)其處理的圖像效果進(jìn)行判斷。 為了驗(yàn)證該算法流程的可行性,本文采用面向?qū)ο蟮乃枷氚盐粓D轉(zhuǎn)化為矢量圖流程的各種圖像處理算法集成于各個(gè)模塊中,運(yùn)用UML建模設(shè)計(jì)方法實(shí)現(xiàn)整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的建模,利用Visual C++6.0實(shí)現(xiàn)各種圖像處理的算法的代碼編寫和整個(gè)系統(tǒng)集成,為激光打標(biāo)系統(tǒng)提供友好的人機(jī)界面。
[Abstract]:With the development of laser, laser marking technology is more and more widely used in the field of laser processing, such as electronic industry, automobile industry, hardware, daily necessities, label technology, aviation industry, instruments and instruments, advertising signs and other industries. It has unparalleled advantages over traditional methods (corrosion machining, EDM, mechanical etching, printing, etc.). It has the advantages of high marking efficiency, high accuracy, high quality, small heat affected area, no pollution, etc. Therefore, laser marking system is worthy of in-depth analysis and research. At present, the main objects of laser marking can be divided into images and characters, and characters can be transformed into images by other means. Therefore, this paper mainly focuses on the problems of using images as laser marking objects. The image is mainly divided into bitmap and vector map. Although bitmap is rich in content and widely used, it occupies large space, low marking efficiency and large distortion, although vector map occupies small space, distortion is small, and efficiency is high. However, most of vector graphics are drawn by software such as AutoCAD, the generated graphics are simple, the drawing time is long, and the figure is more complex, it is very complicated to use some software to outline the outline. In order to solve the above problems, this paper studies a bitmap into vector graph algorithm flow, the flow is divided into two parts: 1. Image preprocessing, image preprocessing includes color grayscale processing, grayscale transformation processing, filtering processing, binary processing. Image feature processing includes image edge extraction, edge thinning and edge vectorization. The purpose of the first part is to provide a better initialization environment for image contour edge extraction and vectorization processing; the second part is to extract the complete image contour edge, thinning the edge width to one pixel. Then vectorization of the edge is carried out to obtain the coordinates of the edge of the image contour, and then the laser trajectory of the laser marking system can be controlled. In view of the advantages and disadvantages of laser marking control, this paper presents the hardware platform of the system based on the control mode of the motion control card of the industrial control computer. The motion control card adopts the high performance multi-axis motion control card MPC07, developed by LeChong Automation Co. Ltd. Its main functions in the system are divided into two axis stepper motor control and laser control. Because the motion control card is equipped with powerful and rich Windows driver library, this paper makes use of these function libraries to develop the system, which greatly shortens the time of development of marking system. This paper focuses on the study of bitmap to vector image processing algorithm, study the advantages and disadvantages of various processing methods in the process algorithm, and select the appropriate image processing algorithm according to different image characteristics. In order to self-adaptively extract the complete edge of various images, this paper also improves and perfects the traditional edge detection Canny operator. Different feature images use different image processing algorithms, so there are many steps involved in the process. The suitability of the algorithm is judged according to the image effect. In order to verify the feasibility of the algorithm flow, this paper integrates various image processing algorithms of bitmap into vector chart flow, and uses UML modeling design method to realize the modeling of the whole system. Visual C 6.0 is used to realize the coding of various image processing algorithms and the integration of the whole system, which provides a friendly man-machine interface for the laser marking system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：TP391.41

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本文編號(hào)：2220409