本文選題：文學 + 馬克吐溫��； 參考：《太原理工大學》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 馬克吐溫,原名塞繆爾蘭霍恩克萊門斯( 1835年11月30日- 1910年4月21日),美國作家,記者和幽默家。他不僅是當時全美第一位最有影響力的文學名人,更在世界文學史上享有聲譽�！榜R克吐溫”這個筆名,最早誕生于1863年西部內華達州,兩個多世紀以來,這個名字以及克萊門斯本人已經成為文學史上的神話類人物。在《非洲綠山》一書中,海明威寫道:“所有當代的美國文學都來自馬克吐溫的一本書,即《哈克費恩歷險記》...它是所有美國作品的源頭”。 在文學史上,馬克吐溫一直被尊稱為“美國文學之父”,不僅因為他是把“口語化”文風引進美國小說寫作中的第一人,更重要的一點源于吐溫的語言特色。他用詞講究準確,尤其善于利用語言刻畫栩栩如生的人物形象。在他生活的時代里,吐溫已經被譽為“當代美國最偉大的幽默家”。這個稱號吐溫當之無愧--是他生動的語言,一系列豐富多樣的幽默喜劇技巧,諸如反語,詼諧,夸張,諷刺和滑稽的格言妙語及各種漫畫技巧為他贏得了讀者和聽眾,贏得了如此殊榮。 馬克吐溫在文學界的多產可以和英國偉大作家查理斯狄更斯相提并論;理解吐溫不易,事實上,在吐溫的早期文學生涯中,他是作為一位喜劇幽默人物被讀者和聽眾所接受的。吐溫的真正成名是在他的第一本游記小說《傻瓜出國記》出版發(fā)行之后,這也是他的第一部和影響力最大的作品,國內外讀者紛紛為書中的幽默詼諧的喜劇藝術所傾倒,正如出版商打出的銷售廣告中所說,“本書的每一頁都充滿了滑稽與歡笑”。 “幽默家”在馬克吐溫生活的時代背景下是“滑稽諷刺家”的別稱,類似于馬戲團的小丑,文化地位遠不如“嚴肅作家”高。而吐溫的幽默卻又別于當時受英國文學影響的傳統(tǒng)文化體制下的嘩眾取寵和詼諧機智。吐溫擅長于用嚴肅的口吻講訴幽默故事,而他本人似乎從未感覺到他的幽默里有什么好笑的地方,即使是在政治報告或是給學生們的演講,吐溫總能以他獨特的“冷幽默”和滑稽的諷刺帶給聽眾和讀者笑聲。更重要的是,吐溫幽默的目的不是膚淺的娛樂,而是期望借此喚醒社會,干預生活。 吐溫的幽默諷刺在他的所有作品中無處不在,在其自傳中馬克吐溫曾說過,任何一部好的文學作品都是與幽默分不開的,因為文學(包括嚴肅類文學)要打動讀者,首先要以一種讀者樂于接受的方式取悅讀者。他又補充,他的幽默又是與其游歷各國的經歷及所見所聞分不開的。(馬克吐溫,1989:330-331)因此,吐溫的幽默最集中,最明顯地體現(xiàn)在他的游記小說中。事實上,從他的第一部游記小說在國外出版開始,對于19世紀晚期的讀者,馬克吐溫首先是一位旅行作家,而不是小說家。本文通過對吐溫三部主要游記小說的分析,旨在為讀者提供更多的素材整體把握“吐溫式幽默”的特點,風格和背后隱含的深刻寓意。希望能為日后研究馬克吐溫的學者增添有價值的線索。 游記小說離不開形形色色的人物,吐溫的“冷幽默”及“諷刺性幽默”藝術使這些人物躍然紙上,《傻瓜出國記》描述包括吐溫在內的美國人到歐洲的見聞故事,表面上看,作者處處在嘲笑所謂的傻瓜美國人第一次見到古老神圣的歐洲的時的種種滑稽故事,然而笑過之后,讀者便能體會出吐溫的意圖卻是在諷刺歐洲的古老腐朽和排外及美國人對歐洲及歐洲人盲目的向往與仰慕,而題目的“傻瓜”之意也就在此,從而旨在樹立美國人的自信及民族認同感。 《艱難歲月》是一部小說與自傳體的結合,記述西部淘金者的生活。小說的敘述者多以天真無邪,未經世事的“傻瓜”,“新手”形象出現(xiàn),使作品的趣味性和戲劇性大大增加。吐溫獨特的幽默諷刺手法使全書79章對西部風土人情,政治時事的描述遠離了枯燥的報道式風格�！睹芪魑鞅群由稀肥峭聹刈铋L的游記小說,融入了游記,自傳,杜撰體裁。前三章概述了密西西比河的歷史和地理特征,4到17章主要寫河兩岸的人文故事,以平淡而詼諧諷刺的口吻回憶記述了作者從1858至1859年做多舵手的生涯,以及如何從天真浪漫到成熟老練的過程。
[Abstract]:Mark Twain, the original name Samuel? Clemence (November 30, 1835 - April 21, 1910), American writer, journalist and humorist. He was not only the first most influential literary celebrity in the United States, but also enjoyed a reputation in the history of world literature. The name of "Mark Twain" was first born in 1863, Nevada, two For more than a century, this name and Clemence himself have become a mythical figure in the history of literature. In the book, "green mountain in Africa", Hemingway wrote: "all contemporary American literature comes from a Book of Mark and Twain, that is, the adventures of Haq Finn... It is the source of all American works."
In the history of literature, Mark and Twain have been honored as "the father of American Literature", not only because he is the first person to introduce the "colloquial" style of literary style into American fiction writing. More importantly, he is more important in Twain's language characteristics. In the generation, Twain has been known as "the greatest humorist of contemporary America". This title Twain is worthy of his vivid language, a variety of humorous and comic techniques, such as irony, humour, hyperbole, sarcasm and comic, and comic skills and various comic skills that won him readers and listeners.
Mark and Twain's Prolificacy in the literary world can be compared with the great British writer Charles Dickens; understanding Twain is not easy. In fact, in Twain's early literary career, he was accepted as a comic and humorous figure by readers and listeners. After the release, this is his first and most influential work, and readers both at home and abroad are pouring into the humorous and humorous art of the book, as the publisher says, "every page of this book is full of funny and laughable."
"Humorist" is a "funny satirist" in the background of Mark and Twain's life. The clown, similar to the circus, is far less than the "serious writer". But Twain's humour is different from the clantics and witty witty wit under the traditional cultural system influenced by English literature. Twain is good at using the grave. With a humorous story, he himself never seemed to feel a funny place in his humor. Even in a political report or a speech to the students, Twain could always laugh at his audience and readers with his unique "cold humour" and the funny irony. And, more importantly, Twain's humour is not a superficial amusement. It is to awaken society and intervene in life.
Twain's humour and satire are ubiquitous in all his works. In his autobiography, Mark and Twain once said that any good literary work is inseparable from humor, because literature (including serious literature) wants to move the reader, first to please readers in a way that readers are willing to accept. Mark Twain, 1989:330-331) therefore, Twain's humour is most concentrated and most evidently embodied in his travel novels. In fact, from his first travel novel abroad, Mark Twain is the first traveler, not a novel for the late nineteenth Century reader. Through the analysis of the three main travel novels of Twain, this article aims to provide readers with more material to grasp the characteristics, style and implied meaning behind the "Twain style humor", and hope to add valuable clues to the scholars who later study Mark and Twain.
Twain's "cold humour" and "sarcastic humor" art made these characters on paper. "Idiot go abroad" describes the stories of Americans, including Twain, to Europe. On the surface, the author is everywhere mocking the so-called stupid Americans for the first time to see the ancient holy Europe. The funny stories of the time, but after laughing, the reader can realize that Twain's intention is to satirize the ancient decadence and exclusion of Europe and the American yearning and admiration of Europe and Europeans, and the "idiot" of the subject is here to build up American confidence and national identity.
"Difficult years" is a combination of a novel and autobiography to account for the life of the gold miner in the West. The narrators of the novel are more naive and innocent, the "novice" and the "novice" image of the novel greatly increases the interest and drama of the works. Twain's unique humorous and satirical technique makes the 79 chapters of the whole book to the western customs and political times. The description is far from the boring report style. On the Mississippi River, it is Twain's longest travel book, which incorporates travel notes, autobiography, and genre. The first three chapters outline the historical and geographical features of the Mississippi River, and the 4 to 17 chapters mainly write the humanities stories on both sides of the River, recalling the author from 1858 to 1859 with a humorous and satirical tongue. The career of many helmsman in the year and how to grow from naive romance to mature sophistication.
【學位授予單位】：太原理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：I712.074

【引證文獻】

相關期刊論文 前1條

1 孫秀麗;;馬克·吐溫幽默語言風格的表現(xiàn)形式(英文)[J];中國外資;2013年16期

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本文編號：1951076