本文選題：知名商品 + 特有標(biāo)志��； 參考：《西南政法大學(xué)》2008年碩士論文

【摘要】： 知名商品的標(biāo)志有很多,除了商標(biāo)以外,還包括知名商品特有的名稱、包裝、裝潢等一切可以將知名商品與其他商品區(qū)分開來的標(biāo)志。商標(biāo)是知名商品最普遍的標(biāo)志,相對(duì)而言,知名商品特有的名稱、包裝、裝潢等則可以稱為知名商品的特有標(biāo)志。 知名商品的特有標(biāo)志實(shí)際上扮演著商標(biāo)的角色,但由于它們并未注冊(cè),這些標(biāo)志是不能受商標(biāo)法的保護(hù)的。商標(biāo)法留下的空白給了那些“搭便車者”可乘之機(jī),他們通過模仿知名商品的特有標(biāo)志,模糊消費(fèi)者的視線,攫取不當(dāng)利益。這嚴(yán)重侵害了知名商品經(jīng)營(yíng)者的合法利益,破壞了公平合理的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)秩序。為此,知名商品特有標(biāo)志的法律保護(hù)制度應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。 然而,對(duì)知名商品特有標(biāo)志的保護(hù)并不是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的問題,它涉及生產(chǎn)者、消費(fèi)者等多方市場(chǎng)主體的利益。構(gòu)建這樣一種制度必須平衡各方利益,以免造成對(duì)某一方利益的“過度”保護(hù),阻礙公平合理的自由競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。從更深的層次講,這樣一種保護(hù)也涉及自由價(jià)值和秩序價(jià)值的沖突,涉及個(gè)人利益與社會(huì)公共利益的沖突,我們的立法必須給它們找到一個(gè)平衡點(diǎn)。盡管我國(guó)反不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法第五條第二項(xiàng)(以下簡(jiǎn)稱第五條)的規(guī)定有助于這一目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn),但司法實(shí)踐中,第五條的適用仍然存在一系列的問題。比如“知名商品”中的“知名”應(yīng)該達(dá)到一個(gè)什么程度,“特有”又該達(dá)到什么標(biāo)準(zhǔn)?比如第五條的保護(hù)范圍是否過于狹窄,有沒有“揀了芝麻,丟了西瓜”之嫌?比如獲得了外觀設(shè)計(jì)專利的知名商品之包裝、裝潢,在專利過期后是否還應(yīng)受法律的保護(hù)?這些問題在我國(guó)當(dāng)前的立法中是找不到答案的。 鑒于此,筆者通過撰寫本文,試圖對(duì)知名商品特有標(biāo)志法律保護(hù)制度作一個(gè)比較完整的梳理,并借鑒國(guó)外相關(guān)立法的精神和原則,以期對(duì)完善我國(guó)立法提出一些合理化建議。 除了引言和結(jié)語,本文一共分為五個(gè)部分。 第一部分主要介紹了知名商品特有標(biāo)志的功能,從實(shí)踐的層面回答了為什么要對(duì)知名商品的特有標(biāo)志提供保護(hù)。大體而言,知名商品特有標(biāo)志具有識(shí)別、昭示商品質(zhì)量、承載經(jīng)營(yíng)者商譽(yù)、廣告宣傳以及培育和傳承文化五項(xiàng)功能。正是因?yàn)橹唐返奶赜袠?biāo)志擁有如此多的重要功能,才導(dǎo)致了市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中盜用、冒用知名商品特有標(biāo)志的行為層出不窮。因此,從實(shí)踐的角度來看有必要對(duì)知名商品特有標(biāo)志提供保護(hù)。 第二部分探討了知名商品特有標(biāo)志法律保護(hù)制度的理論基礎(chǔ),從理論的層面回答了為什么要保護(hù)和如何保護(hù)知名商品特有標(biāo)志的問題。首先,文章分析了財(cái)產(chǎn)的定義及屬性,然后對(duì)照知名商品特有標(biāo)志的特征得出結(jié)論——知名商品特有標(biāo)志是一種法哲學(xué)意義上的財(cái)產(chǎn)。在此基礎(chǔ)上,文章又分別從自然法學(xué)、經(jīng)濟(jì)分析法學(xué)和社會(huì)學(xué)法學(xué)的角度考察了對(duì)這種財(cái)產(chǎn)進(jìn)行保護(hù)的正當(dāng)性,得出結(jié)論——對(duì)知名商品特有標(biāo)志提供保護(hù)具備正當(dāng)性。最后,文章探討了知名商品特有標(biāo)志法律保護(hù)制度的價(jià)值目標(biāo),指出知名商品特有標(biāo)志法律保護(hù)制度的構(gòu)建要平衡各方利益,而最佳效益原則則是評(píng)判該種平衡的最高準(zhǔn)則。 第三部分總結(jié)了受法律保護(hù)的知名商品特有標(biāo)志應(yīng)具備的要件,從司法實(shí)踐的層面回答了如何保護(hù)知名商品特有標(biāo)志的問題。綜合國(guó)內(nèi)外的立法、司法實(shí)踐,受法律保護(hù)的知名商品特有標(biāo)志一般應(yīng)該具備下列要件:1.使用在知名商品上;2.顯著性;3.非功能性。在具體論述過程中,文章重點(diǎn)對(duì)顯著性認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行了論證,并分析得出結(jié)論——認(rèn)定知名商品特有標(biāo)志的顯著性時(shí)適用第二含義標(biāo)準(zhǔn)更利于信息資源的充分利用以及各方利益的公平保護(hù)。同時(shí),文章也強(qiáng)調(diào)了證明混淆的可能性在知名商品特有標(biāo)志法律保護(hù)過程中的重要意義。 第四部分對(duì)知名商品特有標(biāo)志保護(hù)過程中法律適用的相關(guān)問題進(jìn)行了探討,主要解決相關(guān)法律法規(guī)的適用范圍及順序問題。本部分的前半段探討的是反不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法與知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)單行法的規(guī)定重疊時(shí)的適用順序。本文認(rèn)為,鑒于反不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法在知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)中的特殊地位和作用,當(dāng)反不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法與知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)單行法對(duì)特定知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的保護(hù)內(nèi)容上有重疊的時(shí)候,應(yīng)優(yōu)先適用知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)單行法。本部分的后半段主要探討具備受法律保護(hù)的知名商品特有標(biāo)志要件的過期知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)是否能繼續(xù)得到法律的保護(hù)。文章經(jīng)過分析對(duì)比后得出結(jié)論——具備受法律保護(hù)的知名商品特有標(biāo)志要件的過期知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)可以繼續(xù)受到法律的保護(hù)。 第五部分根據(jù)前面的論述對(duì)完善我國(guó)的知名商品特有標(biāo)志法律保護(hù)制度提出了一些合理化建議。具體而言,包括以下幾個(gè)方面:1.適當(dāng)擴(kuò)大保護(hù)范圍,將使用在知名商品上具備顯著性、非功能性的標(biāo)志均納入知名商品特有標(biāo)志法律保護(hù)制度保護(hù)的客體;2.明確受法律保護(hù)的知名商品特有標(biāo)志之構(gòu)成要件;3.厘清反不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法與知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)單行法在知名商品特有標(biāo)志保護(hù)過程中的適用順序。
[Abstract]:There are many symbols of well-known commodities, except for trademarks, including the special name of famous goods, packaging, decoration, etc. all the symbols which can distinguish between famous goods and other goods. The trademark is the most common symbol of well-known goods. In relative terms, the special name of famous goods, packaging, decoration, etc. can be known as the special goods. There is a sign.
The unique symbols of well-known goods actually play the role of trademark, but because they are not registered, these signs are not protected by the trademark law. The gap left by the trademark law gives the "hitchhiker" the opportunity for them to imitate the sight of the consumers by imitating the special signs of the well-known goods and snatching unsuitable interests. The legitimate interests of the well-known commodity operators are seriously violated and the fair and reasonable competition order is destroyed. Therefore, the legal protection system of the unique symbol of famous commodities has come into being.
However, it is not a simple problem to protect the distinctive logo of a well-known commodity. It involves the interests of the producers, consumers and other market subjects. The construction of such a system must balance the interests of all parties so as not to cause the "excessive" protection of the interests of one party and prevent the fair and reasonable free competition. The protection also involves the conflict of free value and order value, which involves the conflict between the individual interests and the social and public interests. Our legislation must find a balance. Although the fifth second items (hereinafter referred to as fifth) in our anti unfair competition law are helpful to the realization of this goal, but in judicial practice, fifth articles are in practice. There still exist a series of problems. For example, what degree should "well-known" in "well-known goods" be achieved, and what standard should "special" be achieved? For example, whether the protection range of the fifth is too narrow, is there any "picking sesame, lost watermelon"? For example, a well-known commodity with a patent for appearance design Should packaging, decoration be protected by law after the expiration of patent? These problems can not be found in our current legislation.
In view of this, the author, by writing this article, tries to make a more complete combing of the legal protection system of famous commodity special signs, and draws on the spirit and principles of foreign related legislation in order to put forward some rationalization proposals to improve our country's legislation.
In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this article is divided into five parts.
The first part mainly introduces the function of the unique symbol of famous commodities, and answers from the practical level why it is necessary to provide protection for the special symbols of famous goods. In general, the special symbols of famous commodities have the recognition, the quality of the goods, the reputation of the operators, the propaganda of advertising and the cultivation and inheritance of the five functions. It is precisely because The unique sign of famous goods has so many important functions that it has led to the embezzlement in the market competition and the behavior of the embezzlement of famous commodities emerge in endlessly. Therefore, it is necessary to protect the famous commodity special signs from the practical point of view.
The second part discusses the theoretical basis of the legal protection system of famous commodity special signs. From the theoretical level, it answers the question of why to protect and protect the special symbols of well-known goods. First, the article analyzes the definition and properties of property, and then compares the characteristics of famous commodities to draw a conclusion that the famous commodity is special. The mark is a kind of property in the sense of law and philosophy. On this basis, the article examines the justification for the protection of this property from the perspective of natural law, economic analysis and sociology, and draws a conclusion that it provides the justifiable protection for the special symbols of famous goods. Finally, the article discusses the famous commodity special. The goal of the legal protection system is to mark the value of the legal protection system. It is pointed out that the construction of the legal protection system for the unique symbol of the famous commodity should balance the interests of all parties, and the best benefit principle is the highest criterion for judging the balance.
The third part summarizes the requirements of the well-known commodity special signs protected by the law, and answers the question of how to protect the special symbols of famous goods from the level of judicial practice. The legislation in the country and abroad, the judicial practice, the special symbol of the well-known commodity protected by the law should generally have the following elements: 1. use in the well-known commodity; 2. significance; 3. non function. In the process of specific discussion, the article focuses on the demonstration of the standard of significance identification, and analyses the conclusion that the application of second meaning standards is more conducive to the full use of information resources and the fair protection of the interests of all parties. The significance of the possibility of confusion is important in the process of legal protection for the special marks of famous commodities.
The fourth part discusses the relevant problems of the application of law in the process of protecting the special symbols of well-known commodities, mainly to solve the applicable scope and order of the relevant laws and regulations. The first half of this part discusses the application order of the overlapping of anti unfair competition law and the provisions of the unilateral law of intellectual property rights. When the competition law has a special position and function in the protection of intellectual property rights, when the anti unfair competition law and the intellectual property right are overlapped on the protection of the specific intellectual property rights, the single line of intellectual property right should be applied first. The second half of this part mainly discusses the specific symbols of well-known commodities protected by law. Whether the period of intellectual property rights can continue to be protected by law. After analysis and comparison, the article draws a conclusion that the expired intellectual property right with the unique symbol of well-known commodities protected by law can continue to be protected by the law.
The fifth part, according to the previous discussion, puts forward some rationalization proposals for improving the legal protection system of China's famous commodity special signs. In particular, it includes the following aspects: 1. the proper expansion of the scope of protection, the significance of the use of the well-known commodities, and the non functional symbols are all incorporated into the legal protection of the special symbols of well-known commodities. The object of the protection of the system; 2. clear the constituent elements of the unique symbol of the well-known commodity protected by the law; 3. clarifies the application sequence of the anti unfair competition law and the unilateral law of intellectual property in the protection of famous commodity special signs.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號(hào)】：D922.294;D923.4

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 王相舉;論知名商品的法律保護(hù)[D];南昌大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號(hào)：1809882