本文選題：公共場所 + 從業(yè)人員�。� 參考：《安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的了解合肥市公共場所服務(wù)從業(yè)人員吸煙和被動吸煙現(xiàn)狀、對控?zé)熤R的知曉程度以及對吸煙行為和控?zé)煷胧┑膽B(tài)度，分析吸煙的相關(guān)影響因素。評價(jià)手機(jī)短信干預(yù)措施對提高公共場所從業(yè)人員知識知曉率和對控?zé)煷胧┲С致室约案淖児矆鏊鶑臉I(yè)人員吸煙相關(guān)行為的效果。 方法現(xiàn)況調(diào)查：本研究的調(diào)查現(xiàn)場選擇合肥市區(qū)的5個(gè)疾控中心預(yù)防醫(yī)學(xué)體檢門診，采用分層抽樣的方法抽取前來體檢門診進(jìn)行健康體檢的公共場所從業(yè)人員作為調(diào)查對象，采用自行設(shè)計(jì)調(diào)查表進(jìn)行調(diào)查，了解從業(yè)人員吸煙和被動吸煙現(xiàn)狀以及與吸煙和控?zé)熛嚓P(guān)的知識與態(tài)度，分析吸煙的相關(guān)影響因素。干預(yù)試驗(yàn)：設(shè)計(jì)為隨機(jī)化對照試驗(yàn)（RCT），將研究一中提供了聯(lián)系方式（手機(jī)號碼）并愿意接收控?zé)煻绦诺恼{(diào)查對象作為本研究的研究對象，隨機(jī)分成干預(yù)組和對照組。利用手機(jī)短信發(fā)送控?zé)熤R短信作為干預(yù)手段對干預(yù)組進(jìn)行干預(yù)，干預(yù)時(shí)間為3個(gè)月，期間對干預(yù)組的干預(yù)對象每人共發(fā)送短信75條。干預(yù)終止后，，通過電話進(jìn)行問卷調(diào)查，了解干預(yù)對象對吸煙和健康有關(guān)的知識的知曉率、對控?zé)煷胧┑膽B(tài)度及吸煙相關(guān)行為改變情況。 結(jié)果現(xiàn)況調(diào)查：共調(diào)查的合肥市公共場所從業(yè)人員1211人中男性608人，女性603人，吸煙率為25.9%，其中男性吸煙率48.8%，女性吸煙率2.8%�，F(xiàn)在吸煙率23.7%，其中男性現(xiàn)在吸煙率44.7%，女性現(xiàn)在吸煙率2.5%。不同工作類型的調(diào)查對象中，娛樂行業(yè)工作人員、食品加工烹飪?nèi)藛T和保健美容人員的吸煙率較高，吸煙率和現(xiàn)在吸煙率分別為43.2%、42.3%、38.1%和40.5%、39.2%、38.1%。對現(xiàn)在吸煙者287人使用FTND量表進(jìn)行調(diào)查，分值最低為0分，最高為8分，平均得分2.01±1.99分，不同年齡、婚姻狀況、工作類型、月收入的吸煙者FTND得分差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。調(diào)查的314名吸煙者中，有25名目前處于戒煙狀態(tài)，占7.96%。287名現(xiàn)在吸煙者中，最近12個(gè)月采取過戒煙行動的有161人，占56.1%。正在吸煙者中有175人打算將來戒煙，占61.0%，其中138人打算在1年內(nèi)戒煙，占48.1%，另外有39.0%的吸煙者不準(zhǔn)備戒煙。1211名調(diào)查對象中，在工作的場所被動吸煙的有869人，被動吸煙率為60.9%。其中男性被動吸煙人數(shù)437人，被動吸煙率71.9%，女性被動吸煙298人，被動吸煙率49.4%。按照工作類型分類，被動吸煙率較高的有公司銷售人員（78.7%）、娛樂行業(yè)工作人員（73.0%）、賓館旅店服務(wù)員（67.9%）。知曉率較高的控?zé)熤R點(diǎn)為“女性吸煙會增加?jì)雰撼錾毕莸娘L(fēng)險(xiǎn)”（80.7%）、“吸煙會增加肺癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”（78.3%）、“被動吸煙對健康危害很大”（75.0%）；正確率較低的為“煙中的尼古丁不是引起大多數(shù)癌癥的化學(xué)物”（13.7%）、“吸煙會增加腦卒中的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”（29.5%）、“被動吸煙會增加成人心臟疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”（31.5%）。84.7%的調(diào)查對象知道我國有公共場所禁止吸煙的規(guī)定。對待控?zé)煷胧┑膽B(tài)度中，84.5%的調(diào)查對象同意“禁止向未成年人銷售香煙”、62.8%同意“禁止所有煙草廣告”、82.5%同意“禁止在公共場所吸煙”。對吸煙的影響因素進(jìn)行非條件多因素Logistic分析發(fā)現(xiàn)，影響吸煙的危險(xiǎn)因素有：性別為男性、年齡增大、幼年時(shí)母親吸煙、好朋友吸煙、認(rèn)為“吸煙看起來很酷/很有魅力”；對減少吸煙的保護(hù)性因素有：文化程度為大專和本科及以上（相對于小學(xué)及以下）、好朋友反對吸煙、母親反對吸煙、認(rèn)為“吸煙看起來缺乏教養(yǎng)”。干預(yù)試驗(yàn)：干預(yù)前后干預(yù)對象控?zé)熤R知曉率有明顯的提高，控?zé)熤R平均分上升3.22分，明顯高于對照組的1.03分。干預(yù)后控?zé)熤R的14個(gè)知識點(diǎn)中有9個(gè)干預(yù)組知曉率高于對照組，其中基線調(diào)查時(shí)知曉率越低的知識點(diǎn)，如“煙中的尼古丁不是引起大多數(shù)癌癥的化學(xué)物”、“吸煙會增加心血管疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”、“被動吸煙會增加成人心臟疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”等經(jīng)過干預(yù)后上升的幅度越大；干預(yù)后調(diào)查對象對三項(xiàng)控?zé)煷胧骸敖瓜蛭闯赡耆虽N售香煙”、“禁止所有煙草廣告”、“禁止在公共場所吸煙”的支持程度與對照組相比有了明顯的提高；干預(yù)前后干預(yù)組吸煙者者比例14.6%上升到17.6%，每天吸煙者比例從16.3%下降到15.8%，對照組的吸煙人數(shù)由26.2%上升到26.9%，偶爾吸煙者與每天吸煙者人數(shù)均有所增加，干預(yù)后兩組較吸煙狀況的差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。干預(yù)后干預(yù)對象的吸煙行為未明顯減少，干預(yù)對象中吸煙者的吸煙程度也未明顯降低。 結(jié)論合肥市公共場所從業(yè)人員的吸煙率和現(xiàn)在吸煙率略低于國內(nèi)其他城市的類似調(diào)查，也低于合肥市居民的吸煙水平。公共場所從業(yè)人員中吸煙者FTND量表平均得分低于國內(nèi)外相關(guān)研究。公共場所從業(yè)人員在所工作的場所被動吸煙現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重。公共場所從業(yè)人員對控?zé)熛嚓P(guān)知識掌握不夠充分，對“煙草煙霧的危害成分”及“吸煙與心腦血管疾病關(guān)系”等知識點(diǎn)知曉率較低。母親的吸煙經(jīng)歷、身邊的密切接觸的人吸煙行為和對待自己吸煙的態(tài)度以及自身對吸煙的態(tài)度是公共場所從業(yè)人員的吸煙的影響因素。通過對公共場所從業(yè)人員為期3個(gè)月的控?zé)煻绦鸥深A(yù)，提高了干預(yù)對象的控?zé)熛嚓P(guān)知識知曉率和對控?zé)煷胧┑闹С殖潭�，但對干預(yù)對象的吸煙行為及吸煙者的吸煙程度都未產(chǎn)生顯著影響。
[Abstract]:Objective to understand the Hefei city public service workers smoking and passive smoking status, the awareness of tobacco control knowledge and attitudes towards smoking and tobacco control measures and related factors analysis of smoking. Evaluation of mobile phone SMS intervention measures to improve the rate and the measures to control smoking rate and smoking change support employees in public places related behavior awareness effect practitioners of knowledge in public places.
Survey methods: field investigation this study selected 5 Hefei City CDC preventive medicine medical clinic, the stratified sampling method was used to extract medical outpatient health examination of employees in public places as the research object, were investigated by a self-designed questionnaire, understand the practitioners of smoking and passive smoking status and the knowledge and attitude of smoking and tobacco control, related factors analysis of smoking. Intervention trials: Design for randomized controlled trials (RCT), the study provides a contact (mobile phone number) and is willing to receive SMS survey tobacco control as the study object, randomly divided into intervention group and control group. As a means of intervention to intervene the intervention group using mobile phone SMS's knowledge message, the intervention lasted 3 months, during the period of intervention on each image 75 messages were sent. After the termination of the intervention, telephone interviews were conducted to find out the awareness rate of smoking and health related knowledge, attitude towards smoking control and smoking related behavior change among intervention subjects.
Survey results: the survey of employees in public places in Hefei city of 1211 people in 608 male and 603 female, smoking rate was 25.9%, the smoking rate in male is 48.8%, female smoking rate 2.8%. smoking rate was 23.7%, the male smoking rate was 44.7%, the survey of female smoking rate was 2.5%. in different types of work. The entertainment industry staff, food processing and cooking staff health and beauty, the smoking rate is higher, the rate of smoking and 42.3% smoking rates were 43.2%, 38.1%, and 40.5%, 39.2%, 38.1%. using the FTND scale survey of current smokers is 287, the lowest score was 0 points, up 8 points, the average score of 2.01. 1.99, different age, marital status, type of work, there are significant differences in the scores of FTND monthly income of smokers. 314 smokers in the survey, 25 is currently in the smoking state, accounting for 7.96%.287 current smokers Recently, 12 months to quit smoking action has 161 people, accounted for 56.1%. are smokers in 175 people to quit smoking, accounted for 61%, 138 of them in 1 years to quit smoking, accounted for 48.1%, and another 39% of the smokers to quit smoking.1211 subjects, in the work place of passive smoking 869, the passive smoking rate was 60.9%. male passive smoking number 437, passive smoking rate was 71.9%, 298 women with passive smoking, passive smoking rate of 49.4%. classified according to the type of work, passive smoking rate was higher in the company's sales staff (78.7%), the entertainment industry staff (73%), hotel waiter (67.9%). The high awareness of tobacco control knowledge for the "risk of women smoking increases the birth defects" (80.7%), "the risk of smoking increased lung cancer" (78.3%), "passive smoking is harmful to health" (75%); the correct rate are low " The nicotine in cigarettes is not caused by the chemical most cancer "(13.7%)," the risk of smoking increases stroke "(29.5%)," passive smoking increases the risk of adult heart disease "(31.5%).84.7% of respondents know there is no smoking in public places. Treat the attitude of tobacco control measures. 84.5% of the respondents agreed to ban the sale of tobacco to minors", 62.8% "agreed to ban all tobacco advertising," 82.5% "agreed to ban smoking in public places. The influence factors of smoking were non conditional multivariate Logistic analysis showed that the influence of smoking risk factors: sex, age, young mother good friends smoking, smoking, smoking that looks cool / attractive"; to reduce the protective factors of smoking are: the culture degree for college and Bachelor degree or above (relative to the primary school and to Next, a good friend) against smoking, mother against smoking, that smoking looks caddish. Intervention test: the intervention object's knowledge has significantly improved awareness and knowledge of tobacco control average rose 3.22 points, significantly higher than the control group 1.03. Do 14 points in 9 of the prognosis of tobacco control knowledge the awareness rate of intervention group was higher than the control group, the baseline awareness rate of the lower point of knowledge, such as "the nicotine in cigarettes is not caused by the chemical most cancer", "smoking can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease," passive smoking will increase the risk of adult heart disease after intervention after the rise etc. the bigger the intervention; the survey of three tobacco control measures: "prohibit the sale of cigarettes to minors", "ban all tobacco advertising", "no support for smoking in public places and the control group Has been significantly improved compared to the intervention group; the proportion of smokers increased from 14.6% to 17.6%, the proportion of daily smokers decreased from 16.3% to 15.8%, the number of smoking groups increased from 26.2% to 26.9%, the increase in the number of smokers and occasional smokers every day had no statistically significant difference between two groups after intervention compared with dry smoking smoking status. Behavior intervention object did not significantly reduce the degree of smoking, smokers in the intervention objects did not decrease obviously.
Conclusion the employees in public places in Hefei city in the smoking rate and smoking rate was slightly lower than a similar survey of domestic other city residents in the city of Hefei, is also lower than the level of smoking. Employees in public places in smokers FTND scale average score lower than the domestic and foreign related research. Public places practitioners from passive smoking in places the phenomenon of serious work. The employees in public places to control smoking related knowledge is not sufficient, the harm of tobacco smoke components "and" smoking and cardiovascular disease "knowledge awareness rate is low. The mother's smoking experience, around the people in close contact to treat their smoking behavior and smoking attitudes and their attitudes towards smoking is influence factors of employees in public places smoking. The employees in public places for a period of 3 months of intervention to improve tobacco control messages, the object of intervention of smoking control The awareness of related knowledge and the degree of support for tobacco control measures were not significantly affected by the smoking behavior of the participants and the smoking degree of the smokers.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R193

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 朱秋榮;蘇州市國家工作人員吸煙現(xiàn)況及綜合控?zé)煷胧┑母深A(yù)研究[D];蘇州大學(xué);2013年

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