本文選題：風荷載　切入點：區(qū)域風災　出處：《華東師范大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：城市風災易損結構物是指城市中一些受風易于損壞的結構物,如高層建筑玻璃幕墻、戶外大型廣告牌、墻體廣告、建筑外圍裝飾物、空調外機以及交通系統(tǒng)和城市綠化等,是城市風災防御中的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)。大風可能會致使城市中的行道樹折枝或倒伏,大型高空廣告牌損壞或倒塌,造成經濟損失甚至人員傷亡,這類風易損結構物是城市安全建設中的重大隱患�；诖吮疚奶岢龌诔鞘幸讚p結構建模的城市風易損結構物抗風分析方法,同時結合數值模擬風場數據與自動站的風數據,實現對城市區(qū)域風災的損失分析研究。目前大多數研究者對于城市區(qū)域風災的研究僅考慮風速值,尚未考慮區(qū)域風場的風向與風易損結構迎風面的夾角關系及易損物自重等對應力計算的影響,本文針對前人研究的缺憾,依據廣告設計的標準與實際風場數據加入了廣告牌自重與風向的影響,使對易損物的研究更加合理。 本文依據風荷載規(guī)范、廣告牌設計規(guī)范、鋼結構設計規(guī)范、建筑結構荷載規(guī)范等國家標準得到符合力學計算要求的風荷載計算方法,以此理論為基礎,將常見的城市易損物：廣告牌立柱、面板及行道樹分別建立力學模型,按照一定的簡化原則,對所建模型進行必要的簡化并選取合適的模型求解方案,引入數值預報的風場數據與自動站記錄的風場數據作為數據源。利用搭建的數學模型對易損物進行力學分析,得到不同類型模型在實際風環(huán)境下的應力計算公式。本文借助Visual Studio2008的平臺優(yōu)勢結合高效的C++語言將風場數據與風災易損模型引入系統(tǒng),實現了研究區(qū)域多種類型數據的讀取與顯示,結合MFC實現了地理圖層與數據的放大,縮小和平移等基本操作。最后依據不同研究對象的結構強度,設置一定的限值作為損失等級判定的標準,結合模型最大正應力對城市易損物進行受損等級劃分。本文為便于對大數據量數據的快速加載與顯示,利用GDI(C++)技術結合窗口坐標映射與雙緩沖技術實現地圖文檔的快速加載與風場數據的窗口可視化。通過插值模塊可得到更為精細的包括坐標,柵格位置,RGB顏色配置以及風速與風向等信息,實現了風場數據的精確獲取,彌補了風場數據的分辨率低的問題,便于廣告牌與行道樹等城市易損對象應力的精確計算。將插值后得到的風場數據與模型的計算方案導入到分析平臺,可對易損物進行受損分析,并可對視圖窗口任何位置的坐標與風數據等要素進行精確查詢,得到查詢位置對應的各種模型所受應力大小與研究區(qū)域易損對象受實際風場影響的受損等級。 本文增加了對城市風災的模擬分析模塊,手動輸入風速等參數實現對主要城市易損對象最大正應力的計算與受損等級的確定,同時可將模擬分析結果輸出,便于結合歷史數據與其它來源的數據對結果進行對比,為風災的精確預報和預警提供支持。
[Abstract]:Urban wind disaster vulnerable structures refer to some structures in the city that are easily damaged by the wind, such as glass curtain walls of high-rise buildings, outdoor large billboards, wall advertisements, building exterior ornaments, air conditioners, transportation systems and urban greening, etc. It is a weak link in the city's wind disaster prevention. Strong winds may cause twisting or falling of roads in the city, damage or collapse of large high-altitude billboards, resulting in economic losses and even casualties. This kind of wind vulnerable structure is a major hidden danger in urban safety construction. Based on this, a wind resistant analysis method of urban wind vulnerable structure based on urban vulnerable structure modeling is proposed, and the wind field data of numerical simulation and wind data of automatic station are combined at the same time. At present, most researchers only consider the value of wind speed in the study of urban regional wind disaster. The relationship between the wind direction of the regional wind field and the angle between the wind direction of the wind field and the upwind surface of the wind vulnerable structure, and the influence of the weight of the vulnerable material on the stress calculation have not been considered in this paper. According to the standard of advertising design and the actual wind field data, the influence of billboard weight and wind direction is added, which makes the study of vulnerable objects more reasonable. According to the national standards such as wind load code, billboard design code, steel structure design code and building structure load code, this paper obtains the wind load calculation method according to the requirements of mechanical calculation, which is based on the theory. The mechanics models of the common urban vulnerable objects, such as billboard columns, panels and pavement trees, are established respectively. According to certain simplification principles, the necessary simplification of the models is made and the appropriate model solution is selected. The wind field data of numerical prediction and wind field data recorded by automatic station are used as data sources. The mechanical analysis of vulnerable objects is carried out by using the established mathematical model. The stress calculation formulas of different types of models in the actual wind environment are obtained. In this paper, the wind field data and the wind vulnerability model are introduced into the system with the help of the platform advantage of Visual Studio2008 and the efficient C language. This paper realizes the reading and display of various types of data in the research area, and realizes the basic operations of geographic layer and data enlargement, reduction and translation combined with MFC. Finally, according to the structural strength of different research objects, A certain limit value is set as the criterion for determining the loss grade. Combined with the maximum normal stress of the model, the damage grade of the city vulnerable object is divided. In order to facilitate the quick loading and display of the large data volume, The fast loading of map documents and window visualization of wind field data can be realized by using GDI(C) technology combined with window coordinate mapping and double buffering technology. More precise coordinates can be obtained by interpolation module. RGB color configuration, wind speed and wind direction are used to obtain wind field data accurately, which makes up for the low resolution of wind field data. It is convenient to accurately calculate the stress of vulnerable objects in cities such as billboards and road trees. The data of wind field and the calculation scheme of the model obtained by interpolation can be imported into the analysis platform to analyze the damage of vulnerable objects. The coordinate and wind data of any position of the view window can be accurately queried, and the stress magnitude of various models corresponding to the query location and the damage grade of the vulnerable object in the study area affected by the actual wind field can be obtained. In this paper, the simulation and analysis module of urban wind disaster is added to realize the calculation of the maximum normal stress and the determination of the damage grade of the main city vulnerable object by manually inputting the wind speed and other parameters. At the same time, the result of the simulation analysis can be outputted. It is convenient to compare the results with historical data and other data, and to provide support for accurate forecast and early warning of wind disaster.
【學位授予單位】：華東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：TU352.2

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