摘 要

近年來(lái)，我國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展越來(lái)越快，各行各業(yè)的技術(shù)化水平越來(lái)越高，當(dāng)然農(nóng)業(yè)也不例外。諸多農(nóng)場(chǎng)都引入了各種各樣高新技術(shù)來(lái)提高自己的生產(chǎn)效率。在使用馬鈴薯生產(chǎn)淀粉時(shí)，，一種全新的控制系統(tǒng)被引入，其名為預(yù)測(cè)控制系統(tǒng)，這套系統(tǒng)非常先進(jìn)，能夠發(fā)揮相當(dāng)重要的作用，但是其對(duì)本身淀粉的生產(chǎn)線(xiàn)的各項(xiàng)要求非常之高，所以想要完美運(yùn)行還是有些困難的。所謂預(yù)測(cè)控制系統(tǒng)，其實(shí)質(zhì)上就是一種利用高科技手段將風(fēng)險(xiǎn)提前預(yù)知后預(yù)測(cè)，將需要管理的項(xiàng)目集中管理的系統(tǒng)，前文已經(jīng)提到，其運(yùn)行離不開(kāi)整個(gè)生產(chǎn)線(xiàn)的各方面要求，而最大的要求就是擁有一套完善的監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)。在監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)中，PLC和工控機(jī)和實(shí)時(shí)機(jī)分別承擔(dān)著不同的監(jiān)控任務(wù)，三者互相協(xié)調(diào)配合才能夠完成整個(gè)監(jiān)控工作，其中PLC的穩(wěn)定性與計(jì)算機(jī)的運(yùn)算速度是決定整個(gè)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)能力的關(guān)鍵所在。

本文的研究對(duì)象是位于我國(guó)東北地區(qū)的某個(gè)大型農(nóng)場(chǎng)，此農(nóng)場(chǎng)在淀粉生產(chǎn)方面有著相當(dāng)豐富的經(jīng)驗(yàn)且已經(jīng)擁有了屬于自己的一條極為成熟的馬鈴薯淀粉生產(chǎn)線(xiàn)，本文基于此背景下對(duì)此農(nóng)場(chǎng)的馬鈴薯淀粉生產(chǎn)線(xiàn)進(jìn)行深入的分析研究，旨在結(jié)合此農(nóng)場(chǎng)的具體情況開(kāi)發(fā)一套與之相適應(yīng)的預(yù)測(cè)控制系統(tǒng)。預(yù)測(cè)控制系統(tǒng)功能十分完善，其不僅能夠?qū)φ麄�(gè)淀粉生產(chǎn)過(guò)程實(shí)施全程監(jiān)控，還能夠?qū)ιa(chǎn)過(guò)程中的各項(xiàng)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)精準(zhǔn)測(cè)量和控制，這樣優(yōu)秀的管控能力能夠使生產(chǎn)線(xiàn)生產(chǎn)效率大大提高，變相提高了經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的同時(shí)還保障了產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量，提升了產(chǎn)品帶來(lái)的社會(huì)效益。由于此系統(tǒng)是針對(duì)農(nóng)場(chǎng)馬鈴薯生產(chǎn)線(xiàn)開(kāi)發(fā)的，所以其要實(shí)行的管控基本都是以流程和時(shí)間為要素的，所以在選擇預(yù)測(cè)控制方法時(shí)應(yīng)該選擇以PLC為基礎(chǔ)的控制方法。之后再對(duì)研究對(duì)象進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步分析，結(jié)合其特點(diǎn)在系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)再加入一種先進(jìn)的自動(dòng)化控制體系-羅克韋爾自動(dòng)化軟硬件體系。在確定了控制方法及體系后，整個(gè)控制系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)初步成型，其對(duì)整個(gè)馬鈴薯淀粉生產(chǎn)線(xiàn)的控制效果也已經(jīng)可以預(yù)見(jiàn)，那就是全程自動(dòng)化地管控。
本文在對(duì)此大型農(nóng)場(chǎng)馬鈴薯淀粉生產(chǎn)線(xiàn)作介紹時(shí)，重點(diǎn)放在了其軟硬件組成、運(yùn)行原理、以及基于其開(kāi)發(fā)而來(lái)的預(yù)測(cè)控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)思路與最終結(jié)構(gòu)，在上述三者介紹完后又對(duì)在線(xiàn)控制器的設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程與組成作了詳盡的介紹而最后介紹的是PID參數(shù)，通過(guò)對(duì)此參數(shù)的深入研究與分析基本實(shí)現(xiàn)了將其融入到預(yù)測(cè)控制系統(tǒng)的原定目標(biāo)。基于此大型農(nóng)場(chǎng)馬鈴薯淀粉生產(chǎn)線(xiàn)的預(yù)測(cè)控制系統(tǒng)的開(kāi)發(fā)是非常成功的，并且這套系統(tǒng)開(kāi)始投入到實(shí)際的生產(chǎn)當(dāng)中，取得的效益也是有目共睹的，可以說(shuō)本文的研究還是具有實(shí)際價(jià)值的。

ABSTRACT

In recent years, the development of science and technology and faster, all walks of life of the increasingly high level of technology, and agriculture is no exception. Many farms have introduced a wide range of high technology to improve their productivity. When you are using starch potato production, a new system was introduced, its predictive control system, this system is very advanced, can play a very important role, but the requirements for their own production line of starch is very high, so I want to run perfectly is somewhat difficult. So-called prediction control system, which is essentially a high-tech means to spread risks after the advance will require centralized management of project management systems, as mentioned before, various requests of its performance can not be separated from the whole production line, while the maximum requirement is to have a comprehensive monitoring system. Monitoring systems, PLC and IPC undertakes different monitoring tasks and real time respectively, and in co-ordination of the three to complete the monitoring work, of which PLC is to determine the stability and speed of the computer where the key to the whole monitoring system.

Paper of research object is is located in China northeast of a large farm, this farm in starch production aspects has quite rich of experience and has has has belongs to himself of a article extremely mature of potato starch line, paper based on this background Xia on this farm of potato starch line for in-depth of analysis research, aimed at combines this farm of specific situation development set and of phase adapted of forecast control system. Features a comprehensive predictive control system, which can not only monitored the starch production process as a whole, but also on the production process of precision measurement and control data in rea.4模糊推理設(shè)計(jì) 53
4.5.5精確量分析設(shè)計(jì) 54
4.6 模糊系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 55
4.7 預(yù)測(cè)控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 59
4.7.1 軟件分工 59
4.7.2 PCL程序設(shè)計(jì) 59
4.7.3 監(jiān)控程序設(shè)計(jì) 61
5 淀粉生產(chǎn)線(xiàn)預(yù)測(cè)控制系統(tǒng)仿真 63
5.1 PID在線(xiàn)控制測(cè)試仿真 63
5.2 PID整定仿真方案 65
5.2.1PID控制的基礎(chǔ)內(nèi)容 65
5.2.2PID參數(shù)的項(xiàng)目整定 66
5.3PLC通訊程序設(shè)計(jì) 67
5.3.1PLC參數(shù)初始化 67
5.3.2上位機(jī)通訊參數(shù)初始化 70
5.3.3PLC與上位機(jī)通訊流程設(shè)計(jì) 74
5.4稱(chēng)重檢測(cè)模塊設(shè)計(jì) 80
5.5電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)模塊設(shè)計(jì) 81
5.6 典型回路分析 82
5.6.1干燥環(huán)境溫度管理回路和設(shè)備制作 82
5.6.2搓磨坑料液位調(diào)整回路 84
5.6.3面臨的問(wèn)題和處理方案 84
總結(jié) 86
參考文獻(xiàn) 87
致    謝 90

總結(jié)

某大型農(nóng)場(chǎng)馬鈴薯淀粉制造管理程序通過(guò)引入預(yù)測(cè)控制的操作理念，在運(yùn)作過(guò)程中利用溫度和壓力檢測(cè)設(shè)備、流量控制設(shè)備、信號(hào)輸送設(shè)備、控制管理調(diào)節(jié)設(shè)備、調(diào)壓設(shè)備等許多國(guó)內(nèi)外操作機(jī)器，同時(shí)在工業(yè)控制電腦設(shè)備上采羅克韋爾輸送程序RSLinx、編輯程序RSLogix500和人機(jī)管理程序RSView32。由于利用TCP/IP以太網(wǎng)把管理、操作和實(shí)際環(huán)境結(jié)合到一起，所以該項(xiàng)目檢測(cè)的應(yīng)用性、可控制性和運(yùn)作化程度比較完善，充分滿(mǎn)足工廠(chǎng)方面的規(guī)定。正是因?yàn)閷?duì)項(xiàng)目程序的研發(fā)和運(yùn)用，我們得出以下總結(jié)...

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