【摘要】：語言作為一種復雜的心理認知活動,其心理過程往往是在以毫秒為單位的時間內整合起來的。事件相關電位技術(ERP s)能描述語言加工即時而連續(xù)的心理時間歷程,能彌補傳統(tǒng)行為研究只能獲取以反應時和正確率為指標的語言加工綜合結果的局限。因此,ERP技術被研究者運用到語言加工中來。傳統(tǒng)的對于語言加工過程的認識局限引發(fā)了本課題將ERP技術作為當前研究工具。目前,有關單句加工的ERP研究己受到普遍關注,并取得豐富的成果,對于復雜句加工的ERP研究還有待發(fā)展。關系從句具有語言普遍性特征,其加工的關鍵在于填充詞與空位依存關系的順利解決。一語中,對填充詞—空位加工的解釋趨向一致,而二語背景下對填充詞—空位加工解釋趨向多元化。因此,研究中國英語學習者對填充詞—空位加工和理解過程具有一定的現實意義。本研究利用ERP技術,采用空位位置違例的研究范式,嘗試探索中國英語學習者填充詞—空位加工的心理機制,利用ERP技術的各項指標嘗試性解釋母語為漢語晚習得的英漢雙語者填充詞—空位加工的實時心理過程。為此,實驗挑選了31名被試,分為高低水平組,高水平組為16名通過英語專業(yè)八級考試的英語研究生;低水平組為15名未通過大學英語四級非英語專業(yè)的大學生。本研究對收集的兩組數據在非詞空位違例,填充空位違例與合法的空位及無空位的賓語條件下進行了對比分析。研究發(fā)現：1.在空位違例處與無空位的賓語處,兩組被試均出現了早期負成分,波幅在前額達到最大。這體現了兩組被試根據詞匯的類別信息對句法結構的初步分配,對應句法加工模型的第一階段(Friederici 1995,2002)。雖然觀察到的早期負波不能有效區(qū)分實驗條件與控制條件,這些負波似乎表明句法分析器對句法結構有初步察覺。2.與控制句無空位的賓語相較,在非詞空位違例條件下,高水平組出現了廣泛分布的與句法整合相關的P600成分而低水平組出現了廣泛分布的與語義加工有關的N400成分。這體現了兩組被試不同的加工機制：高水平學習者在加工空位上的非詞時,句法處理先于語義處理,句法分析器對于整合困難能自我修復和再分析,以期解決填充詞與空位的依存關系；低水平學習者在加工空位上的非詞時,語義處理先于句法處理,句法分析器對于無語義表征的非詞只有語義有失匹配的覺察而缺乏對填充詞—空位的整合。N400對應句法加工模型的第二階段；P600對應句法加工模型的第三階段(Friederici,1995,2002)。3.在填充空位違例情況下,高低水平組均出現了LAN成分,但高水平的波幅更大,成分分布更廣。這體現了兩組被試對形態(tài)句法違例的察覺。N400成分缺失表明兩組被試對空位上的名詞詞組成功進行了題元角色分配。句法分析器將空位上名詞詞組整合到了動詞的論元結構中而拒絕了填充詞。語義通達似乎對于填充詞—空位結構的非法性起消解作用。4.兩種實驗條件的結果都部分支持了淺層結構假設理論,低水平者不能充分提取自己頭腦中的語法知識進行深層處理：但也部分拒絕了這一理論,高水平者加工復雜句法結構時似乎與母語者一致,能夠運用句法深層處理機制進行語言加工。本研究似乎不能支持直接聯系假設而部分支持語跡再激活假設,填充詞—空位依存關系由空位得到調節(jié)而非依靠題元角色分配。
[Abstract]:As a kind of complex psychological cognitive activity, the psychological process of the language is often integrated within the time of milliseconds. The event-related potential technology (ERP) can process the real-time and continuous psychological time course in the description language, and can make up for the limitation of the traditional behavior research only to obtain the comprehensive result of the language processing based on the response time and the accuracy rate. Therefore, ERP technology is used by the researchers in language processing. The traditional understanding of the process of language processing has caused the subject to use the ERP technology as the current research tool. At present, the research on the ERP of single-sentence processing has been paid close attention, and the result is rich, and the research on the ERP of complex sentence processing is still to be developed. The key to the processing is the smooth solution of the filling word and the vacancy dependency. In the word, the interpretation tendency of the filling-word space-filling processing is consistent, while in the second language background, the explanation of the filling-word space-filling processing is more diversified. Therefore, it is of practical significance for Chinese English learners to study and understand the process and understanding of filling words. This research uses the ERP technology, adopts the research paradigm of the vacancy location violation, tries to explore the psychological mechanism of the Chinese English learners' filling words and the vacancy processing, In this paper, the real-time psychological process of the English-Chinese double-language filling words and the processing of the English-Chinese double-language filled words in the Chinese language is tentatively explained by using the indexes of the ERP technology. To this end,31 subjects were selected and divided into high and low level groups. The high-level group consisted of 16 English postgraduates who passed the eight-grade test of English major. The low-level group was 15 students who had not passed the English-level non-English major in college English. This study makes a comparative analysis of the two groups of data collected in the non-word-space violation, the filling vacancy violation and the legal vacancy and the object-free object. The study found:1. There was an early negative component in both groups at the position of the vacancy and the object with no vacancy, and the wave amplitude reached the maximum on the forehead. This reflects the initial distribution of the syntactic structure of the two groups according to the class information of the vocabulary, and the first stage of the corresponding syntactic processing model (Friederici 1995,2002). Although the observed early negative wave can not effectively distinguish the experimental conditions and the control conditions, these negative waves appear to indicate that the syntactic analyzer has a preliminary perception of the syntactic structure. Compared with the non-null object of the control sentence, under the condition of non-word space violation, the high-level group has a wide distribution of the P600 component related to the syntactically, and the low-level group has a wide distribution of the N400 component related to the semantic processing. This reflects the different processing mechanism of the two groups: when the non-word of the high-level learners in the processing space, the syntactic processing precedes the semantic processing, and the syntactic analyzer can self-repair and re-analyze the whole difficulty, so as to solve the dependency of the filling word and the vacancy; When a low-level learner's non-word in the processing space is processed, the semantic processing is preceded by a syntactic processing. The N400 corresponds to the second stage of the syntactic processing model; the P600 corresponds to the third stage of the syntactic processing model (Friederici,1995,2002). In the case of filling the vacancy violation, the LAN components appear in both the high and low level groups, but the amplitude of the high level is larger and the distribution of the components is wider. This reflects two groups of subjects' perception of morphological and syntactic violations. The absence of the N400 component indicates that the two groups of subjects successfully assigned the title of the noun phrase on the null. The parser rejects the filling word by combining the noun phrase on the empty space into the argument structure of the verb. The semantic access seems to have a clear effect on the illegality of the vacancy structure of the filling word. The results of both experimental conditions support the theory of the shallow structure hypothesis, and the low-level people can not fully extract the grammatical knowledge in their own mind to carry out the deep treatment: but it also partially rejects the theory, and the high-level people seem to be in line with the native language when the complex syntax structure is processed. The syntactic deep processing mechanism can be used for language processing. This study does not seem to support the direct contact hypothesis and the partial support for the semantic re-activation hypothesis that the fill-in vacancy dependency is adjusted by the null and is not dependent on the title role assignment.
【學位授予單位】：東南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：H314

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