發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-18 19:28

【摘要】：英語無靈主語句是一種常見的語言現(xiàn)象。自錢歌川先生首次提出"無生物主語"后,英語無靈主語句得到了國內(nèi)學(xué)者的廣泛關(guān)注。相關(guān)學(xué)者從英漢對(duì)比與翻譯、修辭手段、隱喻理論等幾個(gè)角度對(duì)這一語言現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行了分析。英語對(duì)比與翻譯及修辭手段這兩個(gè)層面依賴于文本,更多的側(cè)重于現(xiàn)象本身,缺乏對(duì)英語無靈主語句本質(zhì)及生成機(jī)制的探究。因此,本文運(yùn)用生命度及概念隱喻和概念轉(zhuǎn)喻的相關(guān)理論探討英語無靈主語句的工作機(jī)制。本文所討論的英語無靈主語句是指無生命名詞做主語,以表達(dá)有生命實(shí)體(人)的動(dòng)作或行為或心理過程的動(dòng)詞做謂語的句子。生命度對(duì)英語無靈主語句的理解至關(guān)重要。生命度不僅在表征客觀存在且充當(dāng)句子主語的名詞上有所體現(xiàn),還反映在句子的謂語動(dòng)詞中。此外,生命度不僅僅是一個(gè)靜態(tài)等級(jí)概念,還是一個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)變化的過程。生命度等級(jí)靠前的有生命體(人)通過轉(zhuǎn)喻及隱喻將自身的行為動(dòng)作折射到無生命實(shí)體或抽象概念上,使其具有了人的動(dòng)作狀態(tài),從而引起無生命主語生命度等級(jí)的提高。隱喻是一個(gè)概念域向另外一個(gè)概念域映射的結(jié)果。部分英語無靈主語句是在這樣的運(yùn)行機(jī)制下產(chǎn)生的:目標(biāo)域通常為無靈主語詞所表征的內(nèi)容,如抽象概念、心理感覺、事物、時(shí)間地點(diǎn)等;而源始域表示有生命的實(shí)體。有生命實(shí)體的屬性被系統(tǒng)映射到無靈主語表征的無生命實(shí)體上,使其具有生命性及施事行特性。概念轉(zhuǎn)喻則是基于與源概念之間的鄰近關(guān)系,而非相似關(guān)系。轉(zhuǎn)喻是一個(gè)認(rèn)知過程,在這一過程中,一個(gè)概念實(shí)體或載體為同一理想認(rèn)知模型內(nèi)的另一概念實(shí)體或目標(biāo)提供心理可及。在這一過程中,一些突顯的部分用來代替整個(gè)實(shí)體或其他部分。一些無靈主語句則是通過理想認(rèn)知模式在轉(zhuǎn)喻運(yùn)作機(jī)制而產(chǎn)生的。一些表征高度凸顯的身體部位、時(shí)間地點(diǎn)、具體特征或部分的無靈主語詞來替代整個(gè)實(shí)體或其他部分。
[Abstract]:English inanimate subject sentence is a common language phenomenon. Since Qian Ge-chuan first put forward "Abiologic subject", English apocalyptic subject has received extensive attention from domestic scholars. Some scholars analyze this phenomenon from the perspectives of English and Chinese contrastive translation, rhetorical devices and metaphor theory. English contrastive translation and rhetorical devices depend on the text more on the phenomenon itself and lack of research on the nature and generating mechanism of English apocalyptic sentences. Therefore, this paper explores the working mechanism of English apocalyptic sentences by using the relevant theories of life degree, conceptual metaphor and conceptual metonymy. The inanimate subject sentence in this paper refers to a sentence in which an inanimate noun acts as a subject and a verb expressing the action or behavior or psychological process of a living entity (person) is used as a predicate. The degree of life is of great importance to the understanding of English inanimate subjects. The degree of life is reflected not only in the nouns that represent the objective existence and serve as the subject of the sentence, but also in the predicate verbs of the sentence. In addition, the degree of life is not only a static level concept, but also a dynamic process. Through metonymy and metaphor, the living body (person) in the front of the life degree grade refracts its action to the inanimate entity or abstract concept, which makes it have the human action state, thus causing the improvement of the life degree level of the inanimate subject. Metaphor is the result of mapping one conceptual domain to another. Part of the English inanimate subject is produced under such a mechanism: the target field is usually the content represented by the apocalyptic word, such as abstract concept, psychological feeling, things, time and place, and the source domain denotes the living entity. The attributes of living entities are systematically mapped to the inanimate entities represented by the inanimate subject, making them have the characteristics of life and agency. Conceptual metonymy is based on proximity, not similarity, to the source concept. Metonymy is a cognitive process in which a conceptual entity or carrier provides psychological access to another conceptual entity or goal in the same ideal cognitive model. In this process, some salient parts are used to replace the whole entity or others. Some apocalyptic sentences are generated by ideal cognitive mode in metonymy. Some apocalyptic words representing highly prominent body parts, time and place, specific features or parts of the body replace the whole entity or other parts.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：H314.3

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