本文選題：會話 + 語言性語境��； 參考：《遼寧大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：“語境”是系統(tǒng)功能語言學中的重要概念。隨著語言學和文學兩個學科的發(fā)展,許多學者開始意識到語言的使用和理解都離不開語境。因此,語境理論逐漸成為最熱門的跨學科理論,并且越來越多地被應用于文字作品的分析和研究中。“語境”這一術語最早是由波蘭籍人類語言學家馬林諾夫斯基于1923年提出來的,后經(jīng)弗思,韓禮德,海姆斯和萊昂斯等語言學家的研究進一步發(fā)展完善,成為日臻成熟的理論。語境可分為語言性語境和非語言性語境兩大類,而非語言性語境又可細分為情景語境和文化語境。語境理論可以對文學作品中人物語言的使用進行細致、準確、客觀的分析和評價,有利于更好地賞析文學佳作。戴維·赫伯特·勞倫斯是二十世紀西方文學史上最杰出的英國作家之一,同時也是最具爭議的作家。《兒子與情人》是勞倫斯的經(jīng)典之作,奠定了其在文學史的重要地位。作者運用大量的人物對話和極其精妙的語言安排,通過莫奈爾一家存在的階級差異揭示了整個社會存在的階級斗爭,被認為是當時社會的真實縮影。人物對話可以起到展現(xiàn)人物的心理,揭示人物身份、關系,從而達到抒發(fā)情感、傳遞思想的作用,因此,正確理解文學作品中人物之間的會話是至關重要的。本文創(chuàng)新性地以語境作為理論基礎,對小說中的人物會話進行分析,即從語言性語境、情景語境和文化語境的角度著手,準確理解人物會話的含義。本論文針對兩個研究問題展開。一是語言性語境對人物會話的分析有什么作用;二是非語言性語境中的情景語境和文化語境對人物會話的解讀有什么影響。本文的語料來源于勞倫斯《兒子與情人》中的人物會話,以語境理論作為理論框架,從語言性語境和非語言性語境兩個維度進行定性分析:語言性語境的分析主要集中在詞、短語和句子三個層面;非語言性語境則集中于情景語境和文化語境兩個層面,其中各自還包含不同的變量會對人物會話產(chǎn)生不同的影響。本文由導論,正文和結論三部分組成,其主要內(nèi)容如下:第一部分是導論。簡要介紹語境理論的創(chuàng)立、發(fā)展和研究情況。語言的使用和理解離不開語境,因此,經(jīng)過歷代語言學家的研究和發(fā)展,語境理論不僅僅局限于語言學領域,而是越來越多地被應用于文學作品的分析研究中。同時,本部分還簡要介紹了勞倫斯的代表作《兒子與情人》的國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀,并闡述了本文擬從語境理論視角分析《兒子與情人》中人物會話的創(chuàng)新之處和現(xiàn)實意義。第二部分是正文,共分為三章。第一章是文獻述評。本部分詳細闡述了語境理論的概念、發(fā)展歷程及其分類。語境的概念最早由人類語言學家馬林諾夫斯基提出,后經(jīng)弗思和韓禮德等語言學家的完善和發(fā)展最終形成,是系統(tǒng)功能語言學的重要概念之一。語境主要分為語言性語境、情景語境和文化語境三類。很多的語言學和文學研究都離不開對語境的分析,這便是本文的理論框架。此外,本章還介紹了語境理論的國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀。第二章是從語言性語境角度分析《兒子與情人》中的人物會話。語言性語境指的是交際過程中某一話語結構表達某種特定意義時所依賴的各種表現(xiàn),即一些語言性因素。本章從詞匯、短語、句子三個層面對人物會話進行準確地理解及其語境效果分析,這樣的分析可以使讀者更好地把握小說故事情節(jié)發(fā)展的脈絡,發(fā)掘作者遣詞造句的用心之處。第三章是從非語言性語境角度分析《兒子與情人》中的人物會話。非語言性語境指的是交流過程中,某一話語結構表達某種特定意義時所依賴的各種非語言性因素。首先,情景語境從客觀因素和主觀因素兩個角度進行闡述,客觀因素包括人物會話發(fā)生的時間、地點、場合、話題,這些是會話展開的前提條件;主觀因素包括人物年齡、性格、情感、交際意圖、人物身份、人物關系等,這些決定著不同人物進行會話時采用詞匯、句子和語氣的不同。其次,文化語境主要有地理、歷史文化、社會規(guī)范、宗教、價值觀等因素。勞倫斯善于把握不同人物內(nèi)心世界的特點,并通過其不同的語言使用達到特定的語境效果,推動故事情節(jié)的發(fā)展。第三部分為結論,對前面的分析做出歸納和總結,并點明本文主旨。本文創(chuàng)新性地從語境理論視角分析勞倫斯《兒子與情人》中的人物會話具有一定的現(xiàn)實意義。此外,指出通過語境準確理解人物會話,讀者能更好地鑒賞文學作品的藝術魅力,并有助于將語言學理論更好地應用于文學教學與研究,增強外語學習者的語言實踐應用能力。最后還指出本文在研究過程中存在的不足。
[Abstract]:"Context" is an important concept in systemic functional linguistics. With the development of two disciplines in Linguistics and literature, many scholars have begun to realize that the use and understanding of language can not be separated from the context. Therefore, context theory has gradually become the most popular interdisciplinary theory, and is more and more applied to the analysis and research of literary works. The term "context" was first proposed by the Poland human linguist, Ma Lingus, based on 1923. After the further development of the research of linguists, such as fern, Hallidy, Heim and Lyons, it became a mature theory. The context can be divided into two categories, the linguistic context and the non linguistic context, but not the language. Context can also be subdivided into situational context and cultural context. The theory of context can make a careful, accurate, objective analysis and evaluation of the use of characters in literary works, which is beneficial to the better appreciation of literary works. David Herbert Lawrence is one of the most outstanding British writers in the history of Western Literature in the twentieth Century, and is also the most important. The controversial writer, the son and the lover, is the classic of Laurence, which lays his important position in the history of literature. By using a large number of dialogues and extremely subtle language arrangements, the author reveals the class struggle of the whole society through the class differences in Mornell's family, which is considered to be the real epitome of the society at that time. Words can show the psychology of the characters, reveal the identity and relationship of the characters, thus achieve the expression of emotions and transfer ideas. Therefore, it is essential to correctly understand the conversation between characters in literary works. In the context of context and cultural context, the meaning of a person's conversation is understood accurately. This thesis is aimed at two research questions. First, what is the effect of linguistic context on the analysis of people's conversation; two is the influence of context and cultural context in the non linguistic context on the interpretation of people's conversation. The corpus of this article comes from Lauren. The conversation between the sons and the lovers in the son and the lover takes the context theory as the theoretical framework, and carries out the qualitative analysis from the two dimensions of linguistic and non linguistic contexts: the analysis of linguistic context mainly focuses on the three levels of words, phrases and sentences, and the non linguistic context is concentrated on the two levels of situational context and cultural context. It consists of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The main content of this article is as follows: the first part is introduction. The first part is introduction. It briefly introduces the creation, development and research of context theory. The use and understanding of language can not be separated from the context, therefore, through the research and development of the linguists of the past dynasties, The theory of context is not only limited to the field of linguistics, but more and more applied to the analysis and study of literary works. At the same time, this part also briefly introduces the current research status of Laurence's representative work, "son and lover >", and expounds the innovation of this article from the perspective of context theory to analyze the conversation between the sons and the lovers. The second part is the text, which is divided into three chapters. The first chapter is the review of the literature. The concept of context theory, the course of development and its classification are elaborated in this part. The concept of context is first proposed by Malinowski, the linguist of the human linguist, and finally formed by the perfection and development of the linguists and other linguists. One of the important concepts of functional linguistics. Context is divided into three categories: linguistic context, situational context and cultural context. Many linguistic and literary studies are inseparable from the analysis of context. This is the theoretical framework of this article. In addition, this chapter also introduces the research status of context theory at home and abroad. The second chapter is from the perspective of linguistic context. The linguistic context refers to the various manifestations of the expression of a certain meaning in a certain discourse structure in the process of communication, that is, some linguistic factors. This chapter makes an accurate understanding of the conversation and the analysis of its contextual effects from the three layers of words, phrases and sentences, which can be analyzed. The third chapter analyses the conversation between the son and the lover in the non linguistic context. The non linguistic context refers to the nonverbal nature of a particular meaning of a certain discourse structure in the process of communication. First, the situational context is expounded from two angles of objective and subjective factors. The objective factors include the time, place, occasion, and topic of conversation, which are the prerequisites for the expansion of the conversation; the subjective factors include the age, character, emotion, intercross intention, character, and relationship, which determine the different characters. Second, the cultural context mainly includes geography, history, culture, social norms, religion, values and other factors. Laurence is good at grasping the characteristics of the inner world of different characters, and using different languages to achieve specific contextual effects and promote the development of the plot. The third part is the development of the story. The conclusion is to sum up and summarize the previous analysis and point out the main purpose of this article. This paper has a certain practical significance to analyze the conversation of Laurence's son and lover from the perspective of context theory. Furthermore, it points out that the readers can appreciate the artistic charm of literary works better and help the readers to appreciate the artistic charm of the literary works through the context of the context. It is better to apply linguistic theory to the teaching and research of literature and to enhance the ability of language learners to apply language practice. Finally, the shortcomings of this paper are pointed out.
【學位授予單位】：遼寧大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：H313

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