本文關(guān)鍵詞： 對比研究 氣/air隱喻 文化　出處：《東北師范大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：“氣/air”同風、水一樣,是大自然中不可替代的重要元素,語言中存在大量有關(guān)“氣/air”的隱喻表達。長期以來,中國學者分別從哲學,傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)和美學角度對“氣”進行了研究。也有一些關(guān)于“氣”隱喻的研究,但這些研究只局限于傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)領(lǐng)域,并且對隱喻的理據(jù)分析不足。以往對“氣”和“air”的對比研究也很少。本文在確保了漢語“氣”和英語“air”原始意義相同的情況下,對漢語“氣”和英語“air”隱喻進行對比研究,探討“氣/air”隱喻的理據(jù),并且通過對漢英“氣/air”隱喻的識別,對相同隱喻和不同隱喻進行歸類,并且分析原因。研究問題如下:(1)漢語“氣”隱喻有哪些?(2)英語“air”隱喻有哪些?(3)漢語“氣”和英語“air”的隱喻有哪些異同及其理據(jù)?本文采用LakoffJohnson(1980)提出的概念隱喻理論(CMT)和K?vecses(2005)提出的認知文化隱喻理論(CCMT)作為理論框架。概念隱喻理論主要用于識別“氣/air”隱喻,為不同文化隱喻的分析提供依據(jù)基礎(chǔ)。認知文化隱喻理論用于解釋不同文化下“氣/air”隱喻的差異。本文從認知語言學角度出發(fā),基于以上兩個理論,對漢英“氣/air”隱喻進行對比研究,本文以北京大學中國語言學研究中心語料庫(CCL)和美國當代英語語料庫(COCA)以及《英語常用核心詞匯學習手冊》和《綜合英語成語詞典》作為語料選取來源,并借助于語料庫METALUDE對“氣/air”隱喻進行識別。本文主要針對隱喻研究,因此語料篩選會排除一些死隱喻如“氣體”和“air pollution”,以及轉(zhuǎn)喻語料。同時,為了降低研究結(jié)果的主觀性,本文在研究過程中對漢英“氣/air”隱喻分類以及隱喻異同的理據(jù)進行了5人小組討論,經(jīng)過數(shù)據(jù)收集,分類和對比分析,本文得出以下結(jié)論:第一,在所收集的語料中,共有14類漢語“氣”隱喻和英語“air”隱喻。漢語氣隱喻有8類:“樣子是氣”;“傲慢是氣”;“精力是氣”;“命運是氣”;“疾病癥狀是氣”;“憤怒是氣”;“勇氣是氣”和“委屈是氣”。英語“air”隱喻有6類:“自由是air”“樣子是air”;“氛圍是air”“傲慢是air”;“廣播是air”和“觀點是air”。其中,漢語“氣”和英語“air”有兩類相似隱喻:“樣子是氣/air”和“傲慢是氣/air”。其他隱喻都為各自獨有。第二,漢英“氣/air”的隱喻中存在共性主要因為隱喻根植于人類對世界的感知和體驗,而這種感知體驗在不同的文化中具有普遍性,因而中英文中存在相似的“氣/air”隱喻。第三,中英文“氣/air”隱喻存在個性,并且個性大于共性。這種現(xiàn)象主要歸結(jié)為三個因素:自身體驗,社會文化環(huán)境和認知過程。研究還發(fā)現(xiàn),漢語“氣”隱喻在數(shù)量上和分布上占絕對優(yōu)勢,這主要是由“氣”在中國傳統(tǒng)文化中的不可替代的地位決定的。本文通過結(jié)合概念隱喻理論和認知文化隱喻理論來分析解釋隱喻對比現(xiàn)象,拓展了認知語言學的研究領(lǐng)域并且提高了認知理論的解釋力。此外,本次隱喻對比研究為跨文化交際以及翻譯和外語教學活動提供了啟示。
[Abstract]:"/air" with the wind, like water, is an irreplaceable important element in the nature, there are large number of "/air" expression of metaphor in language. For a long time, China scholars from philosophy, traditional Chinese medicine and aesthetics of "Qi". There are also some about "gas" metaphor research, but these studies are confined to the field of traditional Chinese medicine, and metaphor analysis. Previous contrastive study of "Qi" and "air" are few. In this paper, to ensure that the Chinese "gas" and "air" in English original meaning under the same circumstances, the comparative study of Chinese "gas" and the English "air" metaphor, "motivation of gas /air" metaphor, and through the recognition of Chinese and English "air /air" metaphor, metaphor and metaphor are different for the same classification, and analyze the reasons. The research questions are as follows: (1) what are the Chinese "gas" metaphor? (2) what are the English "air" metaphor? (3) the Chinese metaphor of "Qi" and "air" in English what are the similarities and differences between their motivations? This paper uses LakoffJohnson (1980) proposed the conceptual metaphor theory (CMT) and K? Vecses (2005) cognitive cultural metaphor theory as theory (CCMT) the framework of conceptual metaphor theory. Mainly used for identification of "air /air" metaphor, provide the basis for the foundation for the analysis of different cultural metaphors. The cognitive metaphor theory to explain the culture of different cultures "/air" metaphor differences. From the perspective of cognitive linguistics, more than two based on the theory of the comparative study of Chinese and English "/air" metaphor in this paper, research center of Peking University (CCL) Chinese corpus linguistics and corpus of contemporary American English (COCA) and the common core English vocabulary learning manual < > and < > comprehensive dictionary of English idioms as the corpus source selection, and with the help of METALUDE corpus to identify "/air" metaphor. This paper studies on metaphor, so the corpus selection will exclude some dead metaphors such as "gas" and "air pollution", as well as the metonymy corpus. At the same time, in order to reduce the subjectivity of the Chinese "air /air" classification of metaphors and metaphorical similarities and differences between the motivations for a group of 5 people in the course of the study are discussed, through data collection, analysis of classification and comparison, this paper draws the following conclusions: first, in the data collected, there are 14 types of Chinese "gas" metaphor and "air" in English metaphor. Chinese mood metaphor has 8 kinds: "what is the" gas "; arrogance is gas"; "energy is gas"; "destiny is gas"; "disease symptom is gas"; "anger is gas"; "courage is gas" and "wronged gas". "Air" in English metaphor has 6 kinds: "freedom is air" "air" is like "atmosphere; Wai is air "" arrogance is air ";" air radio "and" air ". The Chinese" gas "and" air "in English has two similar metaphors:" like /air "and" arrogant gas /air ". Other metaphors for their unique commonness. Second. Mainly because metaphor is rooted in human perception of the world and the experience of Chinese English Metaphor" /air gas ", and this perception is universal in different cultures, so English in similar" air /air "metaphor. In third, English" air /air "metaphors have personality, and personality more than common. This phenomenon is mainly attributed to three factors: personal experience, social and cultural environment and cognitive processes. The study also found that the Chinese" gas "metaphor occupies the absolute superiority in quantity and distribution, which is mainly composed of" Qi "in the traditional culture of Chinese irreplaceable place decision In this paper. By combining the theory of conceptual metaphor and cognitive metaphor theory to explain the cultural metaphor phenomenon, expand the research field of cognitive linguistics and improve cognitive theory explanation. In addition, the contrastive study of metaphor provides inspiration for cross-cultural communication and foreign language teaching and translation activities.

【學位授予單位】：東北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：H15;H315

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