本文選題：自主動(dòng)作 + 感知覺��； 參考：《上海體育學(xué)院》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：自主動(dòng)作是一類基于對(duì)動(dòng)作目標(biāo)的預(yù)期所產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)作,它是體育活動(dòng)的基本組成環(huán)節(jié),也是體育科研的熱點(diǎn)。自主動(dòng)作可以對(duì)感知加工產(chǎn)生影響,其中一種特殊的現(xiàn)象被稱為感知衰減。但目前有關(guān)自主動(dòng)作引起感知衰減的研究中,往往還存在以下幾點(diǎn)問題:首先,自主動(dòng)作能否引起感知衰減仍存在爭(zhēng)議;其次,自主動(dòng)作引起感知衰減的原因仍不清楚,存在兩種互相矛盾的假說;最后,缺少對(duì)自主動(dòng)作引發(fā)感知衰減的積極意義的探索。因此,本研究采用多個(gè)行為學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn),對(duì)自主動(dòng)作引起感知衰減現(xiàn)象從以上三個(gè)方面依次進(jìn)行探索,分別回答以下三個(gè)問題:1)自主動(dòng)作是否可以引起對(duì)物體運(yùn)動(dòng)感知的衰減;2)自主動(dòng)作引起感知衰減的特征及機(jī)制;3)自主動(dòng)作引起感知衰減的積極意義。旨在對(duì)自主動(dòng)作這一體育活動(dòng)中最基本組成單位如何影響感知過程進(jìn)行深入的挖掘,進(jìn)而在理論上豐富相關(guān)知識(shí),并為未來指導(dǎo)實(shí)踐工作提供理論儲(chǔ)備。研究一采用經(jīng)典的和改進(jìn)的實(shí)驗(yàn)范式,通過引入信號(hào)檢測(cè)論,對(duì)自主動(dòng)作可以引發(fā)感知衰減進(jìn)行確認(rèn);研究二中,首先通過控制自主動(dòng)作和效果的不同時(shí)間間隔,探索自主動(dòng)作引起感知衰減的衰減特征,其次通過引入被試主觀報(bào)告法,驗(yàn)證預(yù)激活假說和抑制假說的正確性;研究三主要討論自主動(dòng)作引起感知衰減的積極意義,首先通過行為學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn),探索個(gè)體對(duì)動(dòng)作效果的反應(yīng)速度受自主動(dòng)作的影響,其次通過引入兩個(gè)不同的自主動(dòng)作,探索個(gè)體對(duì)不同自主動(dòng)作效果的辨別能力受自主動(dòng)作的影響。研究主要結(jié)果顯示:(1)經(jīng)典任務(wù)范式中,被試在自主動(dòng)作條件下,反應(yīng)準(zhǔn)確率變化不顯著;但是在改進(jìn)的任務(wù)范式中,自主動(dòng)作條件下,被試的辨別力d'顯著小于非自主動(dòng)作條件下,反應(yīng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)c變化不顯著;單獨(dú)的預(yù)判加工無法引起辨別力d'的變化。(2)實(shí)驗(yàn)3中,下自主動(dòng)作執(zhí)行前300ms至執(zhí)行后150ms的時(shí)間中,每150ms劃分一個(gè)時(shí)間段,在三段時(shí)間內(nèi),被試自主動(dòng)作條件下的辨別力d'都顯著降低;實(shí)驗(yàn)4中,被試在刺激強(qiáng)度小的情況下,對(duì)自主動(dòng)作條件下的刺激強(qiáng)度的主觀評(píng)分顯著高于非自主動(dòng)作條件下,在高強(qiáng)度刺激下,則差異不顯著。(3)實(shí)驗(yàn)5中,自主動(dòng)作條件下,被試對(duì)動(dòng)作效果的反應(yīng)速度顯著更快;實(shí)驗(yàn)6發(fā)現(xiàn)被試在自主動(dòng)作條件下對(duì)不同動(dòng)作效果的辨別力d'更高,二實(shí)驗(yàn)6c發(fā)現(xiàn),預(yù)判并不能提高被試對(duì)不同效果的辨別力d'。研究結(jié)論:(1)自主動(dòng)作可以引發(fā)對(duì)物體運(yùn)動(dòng)方向一致性判斷的感知衰減,表現(xiàn)為行為上的準(zhǔn)確率的降低和辨別力d'的下降;這種感知衰減只能由自主動(dòng)作引發(fā),預(yù)判等過程并不能引發(fā)感知衰減。(2)自主動(dòng)作引起感知衰減具有重要的時(shí)間窗口,在動(dòng)作執(zhí)行前300ms至動(dòng)作執(zhí)行后的150ms內(nèi),自主動(dòng)作可以引起感知衰減,在此時(shí)間以外不能引起感知衰減。(3)自主動(dòng)作引起感知衰減的原因是自主動(dòng)作可以引起相應(yīng)效果的感知加工發(fā)生預(yù)先激活,根據(jù)信號(hào)檢測(cè)論,預(yù)激活可以導(dǎo)致對(duì)目標(biāo)感知表現(xiàn)出衰減的現(xiàn)象。(4)自主動(dòng)作引起感知衰減的一個(gè)積極意義是加速對(duì)動(dòng)作效果的反應(yīng)速度,另一個(gè)積極意義是提高對(duì)不同自主動(dòng)作的效果的辨別能力。
[Abstract]:Autonomous action is a kind of action based on the expectation of the action target. It is the basic component of sports activities, and it is also a hot spot in sports scientific research. Autonomous action can affect the perceptual processing. One of the special phenomena is called perceptual attenuation. There are still some problems as follows: first, there are still disputes on whether the autonomous action can cause perceptual attenuation; secondly, the reasons for the perceptual attenuation caused by the autonomous action are still unclear, there are two contradictory hypotheses; finally, there is a lack of positive significance for the perceptual attenuation caused by the autonomous action. Therefore, this study uses a number of behavioral experiments, The spontaneous action causes the phenomenon of perceptual attenuation from the above three aspects to answer the following three questions: 1) whether the autonomous action can cause the attenuation of the perception of the motion of the object; 2) the characteristics and mechanism of the perceptual attenuation caused by the autonomous action; 3) the positive significance of the perceptual attenuation caused by the autonomous action. How does the basic unit affect the cognitive process in depth mining, and then enrich the relevant knowledge in theory, and provide theoretical reserve for the future guiding practice. In the second, we first explore the attenuation characteristics of perceptual attenuation by controlling the different time intervals of autonomous action and effect. Secondly, the validity of preactivation hypothesis and suppressing hypothesis is verified by the introduction of subjective report method of subjects. Three the positive significance of perceptual attenuation caused by autonomous action is discussed, first of all through behavior. In the experiment, the response speed of individual to action effect is influenced by independent action. Secondly, by introducing two different autonomous actions, the individual's ability to distinguish the effect of different autonomous actions is influenced by autonomous action. The main results show that (1) in the classical task paradigm, the accuracy rate of the reaction under the condition of independent action The change is not significant; but in the improved task paradigm, under the condition of independent action, the d'of the subjects is significantly less than the independent action condition, the change of the reaction standard C is not significant; the separate prejudgment processing can not cause the change of the discriminative d'. (2) in the Experiment 3, each 150ms is divided in the time from the initiative before execution to the execution 150ms. In a period of time, in the three period of time, the discriminability d'of the subjects under the condition of independent action was significantly reduced; in Experiment 4, the subjective score of the stimulus intensity under the condition of independent action was significantly higher than that under the condition of non autonomous action under the condition of small stimulus intensity, and the difference was not significant under the high intensity stimulus. (3) in Experiment 5, autonomous action. Under conditions, the response speed of the subjects to the action effect was significantly faster; in Experiment 6, the d'was found to be more discriminative of the different action effects under the condition of independent action. Two experimental 6C found that the pre judgment did not improve the d'. research conclusions of the different effects on the subjects: (1) the autonomous action could lead to the judgment of the consistency of the direction of the motion of the object. Perceptual attenuation, characterized by a reduction in the accuracy of behavior and a decline in discrimination d'; this perceptual attenuation can only be triggered by autonomous action, and the process of prejudgement can not cause perceptual attenuation. (2) autonomous action causes perceptual attenuation to have an important time window, and the autonomous action can be performed in the 300ms to the 150ms after the execution of action before the action is executed. Perception attenuation can not cause perceptual attenuation outside of this time. (3) the cause of perceptual attenuation caused by autonomous action is pre activation of perceptual processing that can cause the corresponding effect. According to signal detection theory, pre activation can cause attenuation to target perception. (4) an autonomous action causes perceptual attenuation. The positive significance is to speed up the reaction speed to the action effect, and the other positive significance is to improve the discriminating ability of the effects of different autonomous actions.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G804.8

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