【摘要】：現(xiàn)代漢語動結式及相關句式是漢語研究中的重要課題,一直為學術界所關注。以往的研究成果多數(shù)集中在動結式句法、語義的描寫,以及論元的選擇條件和配位方式上。我們認為前人的研究已經(jīng)取得了很多、很好的成果,但是仍有加以補充的空間。本文在已有的研究基礎上,汲取前人的優(yōu)秀成果,以構式語法理論為指導,以另外一個視角對現(xiàn)代漢語動結式及相關句式進行探討。全文共分為7章。其中,第1章是緒論;第2章是動結構式形成的理據(jù)和動因:從“致使—結果”范疇、意象圖式到動結構式;第3章是動結構式的內部建構;第4章是動結構式論元的熔合過程;第5章是動結構式形成的相關句式;第6章是動結構式致事論元分析;第7章是結語。具體內容如下:第1章:緒論。本章主要介紹構式語法理論和動結式以往的研究成果,指出目前動結式研究存在的不足,進而說明本文的選題意義、研究理論與方法、研究思路以及語料來源。第2章:動結構式形成的理據(jù)和動因:從“致使—結果”范疇、意象圖式到動結構式。本章旨在探尋形成動結構式的理據(jù)和動因。本章首先通過調查問卷的方式證明:現(xiàn)代漢語言中確實存在動結結構的語義表達框架,其言語表現(xiàn)形式是動結式,并根據(jù)其句法語義特征證明動結式是構式。然后本章運用范疇化理論、隱喻理論、事件語義學等觀點,從分析“致使—結果”事件入手,概括“致使—結果”范疇的成因,分解“致使—結果”意象圖式的各個要素,探討“致使—結果”范疇句式,并在此基礎上說明動結句式是“致使—結果”句式的原型成員(基本句式)。本章最終描述動結構式形成的過程,為進一步分析動結構式的內部組成成分做好準備。第3章:動結構式的內部建構。構式的組成成分是指有資格進入構式的動詞及構式的論元,構式的意義是由各個組成成分的意義整合而成。動結構式的特殊性在于其包含述語動詞V和補語謂詞C(補語可以由動詞或形容詞充當)兩個謂詞性成分。本章首先確定了動結構式的結構中心和意義中心,然后分析述語動詞和補語謂詞的主次關系。本章還探討了述語動詞的詞匯意義,描述了述語動詞、述語動詞參與者角色和補語謂詞參與者角色進入動結構式的限制,進而探討了述語動詞和動結構式、參與者角色和動結構式之間的關系。本章還討論了動結構式意義的多樣性以及動結構式之間的關系。第4章:動結構式論元的熔合過程。動結構式的論元是述語動詞V的參與者角色和補語謂詞C的參與者角色與動結構式的論元角色熔合而成的。本章詳細描述了“病倒類”等十四類動結構式中述語動詞V的參與者角色和補語謂詞C的參與者角色與動結構式論元角色的熔合過程,并且歸納了熔合的特點。本章重點探討了動結構式的隱性論元及其熔合過程。本章還論證了“洗臟類”動結構式范疇內具有原型意義,其它各類動結構式的意義都是由原型意義引申出來的,與“洗臟類”的原型意義具有范疇內家族相似性。第5章:動結構式形成的相關句式。本章依據(jù)第4章歸納出來的各類動結構式的論元數(shù)量重新把動結構式歸為三大類,并且總結了各類的共性與特性。本章詳細描述了不同類型的動結構式在基礎句式的基礎上參與形成重動句、把字句和被字句的可能性。重動構式、把字構式和被字構式本身具有特定的構式義,而動結構式本身也具有特定的構式義,兩種構式在整合過程中相互妥協(xié)、相互作用、相互激發(fā),最終形成合格的表達式。本章還論述了動結構式形成重動句、把字句和被字句的機制是壓制。壓制使動結構式中的某個論元更加突顯以符合上述句式的要求。把字構式和被字構式對動結構式的壓制與重動構式對動結構式的壓制是不同的。第6章:動結構式致事論元分析。本章具體討論了現(xiàn)代漢語動結構式致事論元的性質及其作用、致事論元來源的多樣性、致事論元選擇的認知動機和語義限制以及遭受類動結構式。致事論元是致使—結果范疇的一個語義角色,其根本作用就是提升自身的顯著性,明確自身的致使力,促使致使義的發(fā)生,導致結果義的實現(xiàn),使動結構式得以實現(xiàn)。致事論元的來源具有多樣性,可以由述語動詞V的參與者角色熔合而來,也可以由補語謂詞C的主論元參與者角色或賓論元參與者角色熔合而來,還可以由活動參與者角色或外部參與者角色熔合而來。致事論元具有事件性。參與者角色熔合為致事論元受到語義層面的限制,規(guī)約性程度越高、具體性程度越高、直接性程度越高,成為合格致事論元的可能性越大。遭受類動結構式是動結構式的變體,是致事論元來源多樣性的具體表現(xiàn),除致使—結果義外,還表達了意料之外的負面意義。第7章:結語。在本章中,我們總結全文的主要觀點,指出本文的主要創(chuàng)新之處,并提出今后研究的設想。
[Abstract]:Modern Chinese dynamic and related sentence structure is an important subject in the study of Chinese, and has always been concerned by the academic circle. In the past, most of the previous research results are focused on the dynamic-knot syntax, the description of the semantics, and the selection conditions and the coordination methods of the elements. We believe that the previous studies have made a lot of good results, but there are still room to be supplemented. On the basis of the existing research, this paper, based on the existing research, takes the structure-based grammar theory as a guide, and probes into the dynamic and related sentence patterns of modern Chinese by another angle of view. The full text is divided into seven chapters. The first chapter is the introduction; Chapter 2 is the motivation and motivation of the formation of the dynamic structural formula: from the "resulting in the results of the analysis" category, the image schema to the dynamic structural formula; the third chapter is the internal construction of the dynamic structural formula; the fourth chapter is the fusion process of the dynamic structural formula; the fifth chapter is the relevant sentence structure formed by the dynamic structural formula; Chapter 6 is the meta-analysis of the action of the dynamic structural formula; Chapter 7 is the epilogue. The specific content is as follows: Chapter 1: Introduction. This chapter mainly introduces the structure-type grammar theory and the previous research results, and points out the shortcomings of the present research on the existing research, and further explains the meaning of the topic, the research theory and the method, the research thinking and the source of the corpus. Chapter 2: The motivation and motivation of the formation of dynamic structural formula: from the "resulting in the results of the analysis" category, the image schema to the dynamic structural formula. The purpose of this chapter is to explore the motivation and motivation of forming the dynamic structural formula. The first part of this chapter is to prove that the semantic expression framework of the kinking structure does exist in the modern Chinese language, and its speech form is the dynamic knot type, and it is proved that the dynamic knot type is a structure based on its syntactic and semantic characteristics. Then this chapter uses the view of category theory, metaphor theory, event semantics and so on, starting from the analysis of the "resulting in the results of the analysis" events, summarizing the cause of the "resulting in the results of the analysis" category, decomposing the various elements of the "resulting in the results of the analysis" image schema, and exploring the "resulting in the results of the analysis" category sentence structure, On the basis of this, it is stated that the dynamic-junction sentence structure is the prototype member of the "resulting in the results of the analysis"-type sentence structure (basic sentence structure). This chapter finally describes the process of the formation of the dynamic structural formula and is prepared for further analysis of the internal components of the dynamic structural formula. Chapter 3: The internal construction of the dynamic structural formula. The component of the construction is the element of the verb and the structure that is qualified to enter the structure, and the meaning of the structure is formed by the meaning of each component. The particularity of the dynamic structural formula is that it contains the verb V and the complement predicate C (the complement can be used by a verb or an adjective) as two predicate components. This chapter first defines the structure center and the meaning center of the dynamic structural formula, and then analyzes the primary and secondary relation of the language verb and the complement predicate. This chapter also discusses the lexical meaning of the predicate verb, and describes the restriction of the role of the word verb, the language verb participant character and the complement-language predicate participant into the dynamic structural formula, and further discusses the relation between the verb and the dynamic structural formula, the participant character and the dynamic structural formula. The relationship between the structural meaning and the dynamic structural formula is also discussed in this chapter. Chapter 4: The fusion process of the dynamic structural element. The element of the dynamic structural formula is formed by fusing the participant character of the verb V and the actor character of the complement predicate C with the meta-character of the dynamic structural formula. This chapter describes the fusion process of the actor character of the verb V and the actor character of the complement predicate C and the meta-character of the dynamic structural formula in the four-class dynamic structural formula, such as the disease and the like, and summarizes the characteristics of the fusion. This chapter focuses on the recessive argument of the dynamic structural formula and its fusion process. This chapter also demonstrates the prototype meaning in the category of the "dirty" dynamic structural formula, and the meaning of the other types of dynamic structural formula is derived from the prototype meaning, and the prototype meaning of the "dirty" has the family similarity in the category. Chapter 5: The relevant sentence structure formed by the dynamic structural formula. In this chapter, the structural formula is classified into three main categories according to the number of elements of various types of dynamic structural formulas, which are summarized in Chapter 4, and the common and characteristic of all kinds are summarized. This chapter describes in detail the different types of dynamic structural formula on the basis of the basic sentence structure to participate in the formation of the heavy sentence, the sentence and the possibility of the sentence. The dynamic structural formula and the word-forming type have specific construction meaning, and the dynamic structural formula itself has specific structure meaning, and the two types of construction are mutually agreed and mutually excited in the whole process, and finally form a qualified expression. This chapter also discusses the dynamic structural formula to form the heavy-moving sentence, and the mechanism of the sentence and the sentence is pressed. The pressing makes some of the meta-elements in the structural formula more prominent to meet the above-mentioned sentence pattern. The suppression of the dynamic structural formula and the pressing of the dynamic structural formula are different from the expression of the word structure and the word-structure to the dynamic structural formula. Chapter 6: The meta-analysis of dynamic structural formula. In this chapter, we discuss the nature and function of the metadata of the dynamic structural formula of the modern Chinese, the diversity of the source of the cause, the cognitive motivation and the semantic restriction of the element selection, and the structural formula of the class. The element of the cause is a semantic role in the category of the result, the fundamental role of which is to improve its own significance, to make clear the cause of self, to cause the occurrence of the meaning, and to result in the realization of the result meaning, so that the dynamic structural formula can be realized. The source of the cause-related element is diverse, can be fused by the participant character of the predicate V, or may be fused by the main argument participant role of the complement predicate C or the bbinarist role, and may also be fused by the active participant role or the external participant role. The cause of the event has an event. The fusion of the role of the participants is the limitation of the semantic level, the higher the degree of the protocol, the higher the degree of specificity, the higher the direct degree, and the greater the probability of becoming a qualified member. The structural formula is a variant of the dynamic structural formula, which is the concrete expression of the diversity of the source of the meta-source. Chapter 7: epilogue. In this chapter, we sum up the main point of view of the text, point out the main innovation of this paper, and put forward the idea of future research.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：H146.3

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