【摘要】：安陽位于河南省北部,與山西交界,市區(qū)方言屬晉語邯新片獲濟(jì)小片。本文主要采用描寫語言學(xué)的方法,對(duì)安陽市區(qū)方言的詞綴、重疊等詞法項(xiàng)目以及體貌、處置句等句法項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行研究。研究?jī)?nèi)容主要有：一、詞綴,二、重疊,三、體貌,四、疑問句,五、代詞,六、位置和位移范疇,七、處置句和被動(dòng)句,八、特色虛詞等八個(gè)語法類型。本論文注重對(duì)方言現(xiàn)象共時(shí)層面的比較研究,與普通話相比,安陽方言的詞綴“的”除了具有相當(dāng)于普通話詞綴“子”的用法外,還可以用于構(gòu)成疑問代詞“啥的”；“啥的”和“啥”分別承擔(dān)表稱代和表區(qū)別的功能。詞綴“兒”在讀音上既有不兒化的兒尾形式,又有兒化音。從歷時(shí)的語言發(fā)展以及與共時(shí)層面各地方言的比較來看,安陽方言的兒綴處在中間發(fā)展階段,兒化與否跟需要添加兒綴的詞的韻母有關(guān)�！佰佟笔且环N具有鮮明晉方言特色的詞綴,安陽方言的“圪”頭詞比晉語腹地的類型少很多,表現(xiàn)出方言邊際地帶的特點(diǎn)。安陽方言的重疊類型比普通話豐富,有些類型是普通話中沒有的。如：名詞重疊加兒綴構(gòu)成“A兒A兒”形式,可用作定語,表示具有“A”這一特點(diǎn)的性狀。安陽方言的體貌范疇由八類體貌組成。我們對(duì)這八種體貌進(jìn)行了細(xì)致描寫,在與各地方言和普通話的充分比較中充分揭示安陽方言的體貌特征。重要的體貌標(biāo)記如“的”“嘞”“著”“啦”“咤”“也”,結(jié)合共時(shí)和歷時(shí)研究,對(duì)它們的特點(diǎn)、來源進(jìn)行了探尋。我們還發(fā)現(xiàn)在安陽方言中,有一種很有晉語特點(diǎn)的體貌“將行體”,表示事情將要發(fā)生。這是在普通話和其它一些方言中所未見的。安陽方言的代詞系統(tǒng)豐富整飭。通過與周邊方言的比較研究,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)代詞系統(tǒng)更多呈現(xiàn)出中原官話的特點(diǎn)。由于這種相似并非若干詞匯的相同,我們推測(cè)這一現(xiàn)象不是安陽方言這種歷史移民方言與中原官話接觸所致,應(yīng)當(dāng)是歷史上中原官話的沉積。處置句和被動(dòng)句中,處置標(biāo)記“連”、被動(dòng)標(biāo)記“叫”都很有特點(diǎn)。我們運(yùn)用歷史語言學(xué)的方法對(duì)“連”進(jìn)行了海量語料的考證、分析,弄清了“連”從表“連接義”到表處置的演變歷程。這對(duì)現(xiàn)代漢語和方言中處置句發(fā)展的研究有所補(bǔ)益。安陽方言還有處置句和被動(dòng)句的套合格式,這也是許多晉方言地區(qū)所具有的方言特點(diǎn)。安陽方言的疑問句沒有與普通話“嗎”字問句完全對(duì)應(yīng)的是非問。普通話中表真性問的“嗎”是非問在安陽方言中一般用“VP沒有”“VP不VP”這類正反問句表達(dá)。我們探討了安陽方言缺乏“嗎”是非問的歷史原因,并對(duì)正反問的歷史發(fā)展情況作了探究。我們認(rèn)為安陽方言的“么”字疑問句只承繼了歷史上的“麼”表非真性問疑問的功能,而真性問疑問句的功能一直由古已有之的正反問格式“VP不VP”“VP沒有”承擔(dān)。在以往的方言研究中,我們幾乎未曾見到位置和位移表達(dá)方式的研究。我們這次作了嘗試,部分參考了齊滬揚(yáng)(1998)對(duì)現(xiàn)代漢語空間研究的思路和方法,對(duì)安陽方言的位置作了考察,區(qū)分靜態(tài)和動(dòng)態(tài)分類描寫位置句；此外,我們對(duì)安陽方言表達(dá)位移的方式著力研究,通過與普通話對(duì)比,發(fā)現(xiàn)安陽方言中含有位移標(biāo)記“昂”和“嘞”的位移句采用了實(shí)詞虛化的手段來實(shí)現(xiàn)語法意義的表達(dá)。而與其它方言橫向比較,可知這一表達(dá)手段存在于多種方言中,只是發(fā)展進(jìn)程和形式有差異。我們對(duì)安陽方言中的“嘞”“動(dòng)兒”“不咋”這三個(gè)特色虛詞進(jìn)行了研究。“嘞”在安陽方言中共有六類九種用法。這種同一語音形式承載眾多語法、語義功能的現(xiàn)象在方言中并不多見�！皠�(dòng)兒”是表時(shí)間背景的時(shí)間助詞,“不咋”在安陽方言中不僅相當(dāng)于語氣詞“吧”,更發(fā)展為用法豐富的話題標(biāo)記,甚至可用在疑問句中。結(jié)尾的方法和思考中,我們提出要結(jié)合普-方-古的研究思路充分運(yùn)用比較方法研究方言語法。只有縱向與古代漢語、近代漢語比較,橫向與普通話、各地方言比較才能更準(zhǔn)確更清晰地呈現(xiàn)方言語法面貌,也才能對(duì)某一方言語法問題有客觀真實(shí)的認(rèn)識(shí)。此外,結(jié)合語音研究方言語法具有重要作用和意義。
[Abstract]:Anyang is located in the north of Henan Province, bordering on Shanxi Province, and the urban dialect is a small piece of Han Xin in Jin dialect. This paper mainly uses descriptive linguistics to study the affix, overlap and other lexical items as well as syntactic items such as physiognomy and disposal sentences of Anyang dialect. This paper focuses on the comparative study of dialectal phenomena at the synchronic level. Compared with Putonghua, the affix "de" in Anyang dialect can be used to form interrogations as well as the affix "zi" in Putonghua. The pronoun "what", "what" and "what" respectively assume the functions of nominal pronoun and distinction. The affix "er" has both childish suffix forms and childish phonemes in pronunciation. The vowels of the words to be affixed with children's suffixes are related to the vowels of the words to be affixed with children's suffixes. The prefixes of the words to be affixed with children's suffixes in Anyang dialect are much fewer than those in the hinterland of Jin dialect, showing the characteristics of the dialectal margin. It can be used as an attributive to express the characteristic of A. The physique category of Anyang dialect consists of eight types of physique. "De", "Na", "La", "Ka", "Ye". Combining with synchronic and diachronic studies, we have explored their characteristics and sources. We also found that in Anyang dialect, there is a Jin dialect with the characteristics of the body "Jiangxing Style", indicating that things will happen. This is not seen in Putonghua and other dialects. The pronoun system of the dialect is rich and complete. Through the comparative study with the surrounding dialects, we find that the pronoun system is more characteristic of the Central Plains Mandarin. In disposal sentences and passive sentences, the disposal marker "lian" and the passive marker "shuo" have their own characteristics. We use the method of historical linguistics to make textual research on "lian" from a large number of corpus, and analyze the evolution process of "lian" from "linking meaning" to "expressing disposition". This is a study of the development of disposal sentences in modern Chinese and dialects. Anyang dialect also has a set of qualified disposal sentences and passive sentences, which is also the dialectal characteristics of many Jin dialect areas. This paper discusses the historical reasons why Anyang dialect lacks the question of whether it is right or wrong, and explores the historical development of the question. In the past, we have hardly seen the study of position and displacement in dialectal research. We have made an attempt this time, partially referring to Qi Huyang's (1998) ideas and methods of space study of modern Chinese, and inspecting the location of Anyang dialect. In addition, we focus on the way of expressing displacement in Anyang dialect. By comparing with Putonghua, we find that displacement sentences in Anyang dialect which contain displacement markers "Ang" and "Nao" adopt the method of emptying the real words to express the grammatical meaning. There are six kinds and nine usages in Anyang dialect. This same phonetic form bears many grammars and semantic functions. In Anyang dialect, "bu er" is not only the mood word "ba", but also the topic marker with rich usage, even can be used in interrogative sentences. Only by comparing vertically with ancient Chinese, modern Chinese, and horizontally with Putonghua, can dialects present their grammatical features more accurately and clearly, and have an objective and true understanding of a certain grammatical problem. In addition, it is of great significance to study the grammar of a certain dialect in combination with phonetics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：H172.1

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

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1 邱晨;;安陽市區(qū)方言中的程度副詞研究[A];學(xué)行堂文史集刊——2013年第2期[C];2013年

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本文編號(hào)：2190613