20世紀(jì)以來美國社會治理中聯(lián)邦政府角色的演變
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-25 17:48
【摘要】：美國社會治理的主體是以公民社會為代表的社會自組織治理,眾多社會組織承擔(dān)著美國社會治理的主要責(zé)任。在以社會自治為主體的美國社會治理中,聯(lián)邦政府是否發(fā)揮作用,聯(lián)邦政府的作用又經(jīng)歷何種變化?這是本論文研究的出發(fā)點(diǎn)。論文以干預(yù)理念和干預(yù)能力為分析框架,考察20世紀(jì)以來聯(lián)邦政府干預(yù)理念和干預(yù)能力的變化,結(jié)合聯(lián)邦政府社會規(guī)制權(quán)力擴(kuò)張與社會政策實(shí)施,總結(jié)聯(lián)邦政府在社會治理中經(jīng)歷的“旁觀者”、“參與者”、“干預(yù)者”、“主導(dǎo)者”、“監(jiān)督者”的角色演變,分析聯(lián)邦政府對社會治理干預(yù)發(fā)生的從“缺失”到“參與”、從“被動應(yīng)對”到“主動塑造”、從“直接干預(yù)”到“間接影響”的三次轉(zhuǎn)型,展現(xiàn)20世紀(jì)以來聯(lián)邦政府對美國社會治理發(fā)展的重要意義。論文內(nèi)容分為三個部分:第一部分是緒論,主要是論文研究意義的總結(jié)、相關(guān)概念的明晰、研究現(xiàn)狀的梳理以及論文的研究思路和創(chuàng)新之處等。第二部分是論文的主體部分,分為五章:第一章是“聯(lián)邦政府的轉(zhuǎn)型——從旁觀者到參與者的轉(zhuǎn)變”。20世紀(jì)初至30年代早期,聯(lián)邦政府在社會治理中的角色經(jīng)歷從“旁觀者”到“參與者”的轉(zhuǎn)變�！靶≌薄按笊鐣笔敲绹鴤鹘y(tǒng),社會自治成為美國社會治理的主體,聯(lián)邦政府局限于“有限政府”原則,對社會事務(wù)采取“自由放任”策略,成為社會治理的“旁觀者”、“守夜人”�！斑M(jìn)步主義時代”的社會危機(jī)使得聯(lián)邦政府的保守主義理念遭到質(zhì)疑,西奧多·羅斯福等改革派力量的政治改革及社會實(shí)踐,突破“有限政府”原則的束縛,推動聯(lián)邦政府改變“守夜人”狀態(tài),轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樯鐣卫淼摹皡⑴c者”,參與到美國的“進(jìn)步主義運(yùn)動”中,與社會組織共同解決美國的社會問題,開啟聯(lián)邦政府對社會治理干預(yù)從“無”到“有”的轉(zhuǎn)變。第二章是“聯(lián)邦政府干預(yù)的擴(kuò)大——干預(yù)者角色的確立”。20世紀(jì)30年代伴隨著羅斯�！靶抡睂�(shí)施,聯(lián)邦政府確立了在社會治理中的“干預(yù)者”角色。1929年經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)對美國社會造成嚴(yán)重沖擊,傳統(tǒng)社會治理模式難以為繼。為此聯(lián)邦政府在干預(yù)理念上拋棄“自由放任”的保守主義,采用“國家干預(yù)”策略,致力推動聯(lián)邦政府向“大政府”邁進(jìn)。在干預(yù)能力上,聯(lián)邦政府通過征收個人所得稅、改革稅收征繳制度等措施,提升聯(lián)邦政府稅收收入,增強(qiáng)聯(lián)邦政府社會規(guī)制能力。聯(lián)邦政府實(shí)施一系列社會政策,介入到許多原來由社會組織負(fù)責(zé)的領(lǐng)域,承擔(dān)起相應(yīng)社會職能。聯(lián)邦政府還推動《社會保障法》等法律的通過與實(shí)施,以法律形式明確聯(lián)邦政府在社會治理中的責(zé)任,推動聯(lián)邦政府社會治理干預(yù)的制度化和法制化。通過社會保障體系構(gòu)建,聯(lián)邦政府不斷加強(qiáng)對社會事務(wù)干預(yù),確立自身在社會治理中的“干預(yù)者”角色。第三章是“鞏固、修正與提高——干預(yù)者角色的強(qiáng)化”。20世紀(jì)40、50年代聯(lián)邦政府社會治理“干預(yù)者”角色不斷得到鞏固與強(qiáng)化�！按笫挆l”對美國社會的影響緩解后,“國家干預(yù)”理念被聯(lián)邦政府延續(xù)下來并不斷得到鞏固和提高。聯(lián)邦政府承擔(dān)的社會職能進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大,專業(yè)化的組織與機(jī)構(gòu)使得聯(lián)邦政府的社會政策更加科學(xué)化與專業(yè)化。聯(lián)邦政府也著力加強(qiáng)社會治理法制體系的構(gòu)建與完善,推動社會規(guī)制權(quán)力持續(xù)擴(kuò)張、社會政策涵蓋范圍不斷擴(kuò)大、社會治理機(jī)構(gòu)專業(yè)化程度逐步提升。聯(lián)邦政府對美國社會治理干預(yù)愈發(fā)廣泛和深入,在社會治理中的“干預(yù)者”角色得到不斷強(qiáng)化。第四章是“聯(lián)邦政府的全面干預(yù)——干預(yù)者角色的升級”。20世紀(jì)60年代聯(lián)邦政府在社會治理中的角色從“干預(yù)者”升級為“主導(dǎo)者”。60年代國際局勢相對緩和為聯(lián)邦政府集中精力解決國內(nèi)事務(wù)提供可能,二戰(zhàn)以后構(gòu)建福利國家成為一種發(fā)展趨勢,為聯(lián)邦政府強(qiáng)化對社會治理干預(yù)提供外部參照。聯(lián)邦政府也得到國內(nèi)政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會多方面支持,獲得充足資源實(shí)施社會政策�？夏岬�、約翰遜等人銳意改革,提出“偉大社會”改革規(guī)劃,推動聯(lián)邦政府社會政策廣泛實(shí)施。20世紀(jì)60年代聯(lián)邦政府在干預(yù)理念和干預(yù)能力上達(dá)到頂峰,實(shí)現(xiàn)聯(lián)邦政府對社會治理的全面干預(yù)。在構(gòu)建福利國家背景下,聯(lián)邦政府對美國社會進(jìn)行整體規(guī)劃,推動和實(shí)施一系列范圍廣泛的社會治理立法與社會政策,將社會生活諸多領(lǐng)域納入到聯(lián)邦政府管轄范疇,主導(dǎo)著美國社會治理的發(fā)展方向,推動美國福利國家構(gòu)建。聯(lián)邦政府從社會治理治理的“干預(yù)者”升級為“主導(dǎo)者”。第五章是“回歸保守——從干預(yù)者到監(jiān)督者的再轉(zhuǎn)型”。20世紀(jì)70年代以來,聯(lián)邦政府在社會治理中的角色逐漸從“干預(yù)者”向“監(jiān)督者”轉(zhuǎn)變。聯(lián)邦政府對社會治理的全面干預(yù)導(dǎo)致諸多問題,促使70年代以來聯(lián)邦政府逐步修正對社會治理的干預(yù)理念,從“國家干預(yù)”向“保守主義”回歸。聯(lián)邦政府實(shí)施一系列保守主義改革,縮減政府規(guī)模、弱化政府職能,推動社會治理的市場化、社會化、地方化。同時聯(lián)邦政府推動建立以社區(qū)自治為核心的社會治理模式,發(fā)揮聯(lián)邦政府統(tǒng)籌、規(guī)劃、引導(dǎo)、監(jiān)督作用,從社會治理的“干預(yù)者”轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椤氨O(jiān)督者”,實(shí)現(xiàn)聯(lián)邦政府對社會治理從直接干預(yù)到間接影響的再次轉(zhuǎn)型。第三部分是結(jié)語,總體性地分析美國聯(lián)邦政府在社會治理中扮演的“旁觀者”、“參與者”、“干預(yù)者”、“主導(dǎo)者”、“監(jiān)督者”的角色內(nèi)涵與歷史演變;同時總結(jié)20世紀(jì)以來聯(lián)邦政府干預(yù)社會治理從“缺失”到“參與”、從“被動應(yīng)對”到“主動塑造”、從“直接干預(yù)”到“間接影響”的三次轉(zhuǎn)型,思考政府之于社會治理的重要意義與價值。
[Abstract]:The main body of the social governance in the United States is the self-organized governance of the society represented by civil society. Many social organizations bear the main responsibility of the social governance of the United States. In the American social governance which is the main body of social autonomy, the federal government plays a role. What changes have the role of the federal government experienced? This is the starting point of this study. This paper, based on the concept of intervention and the ability to intervene, examines the changes in the concept of federal intervention and the ability to intervene in the federal government since twentieth Century, and combines the federal government's social regulation power expansion and the implementation of social policies to summarize the "spectator", "participant", "intervener", "leader" and "the leader" of the federal government in social governance. " The role evolution of the supervisor, analyzing the three transformation of the federal government from "lack" to "participation", from "passive response" to "initiative", from "direct intervention" to "indirect influence", shows the importance of the federal government to the development of social governance in the United States since twentieth Century. Three parts: the first part is the introduction, mainly the summary of the significance of the thesis, the clarity of the related concepts, the combing of the research status and the research ideas and innovation of the thesis. The second part is the main part of the thesis, which is divided into five chapters: the first chapter is the "transformation of the federal government from the bystander to the participant" in the.20 world From the beginning of the period from the beginning of the 30s to the early 30s, the role of the federal government in social governance changed from "bystander" to "participant". "Small government" "big society" is the American tradition, social autonomy has become the main body of American social governance, the federal government is limited to the "limited government", and the "laissez faire" strategy for social affairs, The "bystanders" of social governance, the "night watchman". The social crisis of the "progressive era" made the conservative idea of the federal government questioned, the political reform and social practice of Theodore I and other reformist forces, breaking through the "limited government" principle, and promoting the federal government to change the "night watchman" state, The second chapter is "the enlargement of the intervention of the federal government - the establishment of the role of the intervener" in the 30 years of the.20 century. With the implementation of Roosevelt's "New Deal", the federal government has established the role of "intervener" in social governance in the.1929 economic crisis, which has caused serious impact on American society, and the traditional social governance model is difficult to follow. To promote the federal government to move towards the "big government". In the intervention capacity, the federal government, through the collection of personal income tax, reform the tax collection system and other measures to enhance the federal government tax revenue and strengthen the federal government's social regulation ability. The federal government implements a series of social policies, involved in many of the original social organizations responsible. The federal government also promotes the corresponding social functions. The federal government also promotes the adoption and implementation of the law, such as the social security law, and makes clear the responsibility of the federal government in social governance in the form of law, and promotes the institutionalization and legalization of the federal government's social governance intervention. The federal government continuously strengthens the intervention in social affairs through the social security system. The role of "intervener" in social governance is established. The third chapter is "consolidation, correction and improvement - the strengthening of the role of the intervener". The role of "intervener" in the social governance of the federal government in the.20 century 40,50 years has been consolidated and strengthened. After the relief of the impact of the great depression on American society, the concept of "state intervention" is linked The state government continues to continue to be consolidated and improved. The social functions of the federal government are further expanded. The specialized organizations and institutions make the social policies of the federal government more scientific and professional. The federal government also focuses on strengthening the construction and improvement of the legal system of social governance, and promoting the continuous expansion of social regulation power. The scope of the policy coverage is expanding and the degree of specialization of social governance institutions is gradually enhanced. The federal government's intervention in social governance is becoming more and more extensive and in-depth. The role of "the intervener" in social governance has been continuously strengthened. The fourth chapter is "the comprehensive intervention of the Federal government - the role of the intervener" in the 60s.20 century. The role of state government in social governance from "intervener" to "leader" in.60's international situation is relatively relaxed for the federal government to focus on solving domestic affairs. After World War II, the construction of a welfare state has become a trend of development, providing an external reference for the federal government to strengthen the governance and intervention of the society. Kennedy, Johnson, et al. Kennedy, Johnson and others made a sharp reform, put forward the "great society" reform plan, and promoted the federal government's social policy to carry out extensive implementation of the federal government in the 60s century. The federal government reached the peak of the intervention concept and intervention ability and realized the federal government. Under the background of building a welfare state, the federal government planned the United States society as a whole, promoted and implemented a series of wide range of social governance legislation and social policies, brought many fields of social life into the jurisdiction of the federal government, guided the development direction of American social governance and promoted the United States. The fifth chapter is "regression Conservatism - the re transformation from the intervener to the supervisor". Since the 70s of the.20 century, the role of the federal government in social governance has gradually changed from the "interventionist" to the "supervisor". The comprehensive intervention of the government will lead to many problems. Since 70s, the federal government has gradually revised the concept of intervention on social governance and returned from "state intervention" to "conservatism". The federal government implemented a series of conservative reforms, reduced the scale of the government, weakened the government's ability, and promoted the marketization, socialization and local governance of social governance. At the same time, the federal government promotes the establishment of a social governance model at the core of community autonomy, giving full play to the co-ordination, planning, guidance and supervision of the federal government, transforming the "intervener" into the "supervisor" from the social governance, and realizing the second transformation of the federal government from direct intervention to the indirect influence of social governance. The third part is the conclusion, and the overall conclusion. The role of "spectator", "participant", "intervener", "leader", "supervisor" and the historical evolution of the United States federal government in social governance were analyzed. At the same time, the federal government intervened in social governance from "lack" to "participation", from "passive response" to "initiative" since twentieth Century. From the three transformations of "direct intervention" to "indirect impact", we think about the importance and value of government in social governance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K712.5
，
本文編號：2144569
[Abstract]:The main body of the social governance in the United States is the self-organized governance of the society represented by civil society. Many social organizations bear the main responsibility of the social governance of the United States. In the American social governance which is the main body of social autonomy, the federal government plays a role. What changes have the role of the federal government experienced? This is the starting point of this study. This paper, based on the concept of intervention and the ability to intervene, examines the changes in the concept of federal intervention and the ability to intervene in the federal government since twentieth Century, and combines the federal government's social regulation power expansion and the implementation of social policies to summarize the "spectator", "participant", "intervener", "leader" and "the leader" of the federal government in social governance. " The role evolution of the supervisor, analyzing the three transformation of the federal government from "lack" to "participation", from "passive response" to "initiative", from "direct intervention" to "indirect influence", shows the importance of the federal government to the development of social governance in the United States since twentieth Century. Three parts: the first part is the introduction, mainly the summary of the significance of the thesis, the clarity of the related concepts, the combing of the research status and the research ideas and innovation of the thesis. The second part is the main part of the thesis, which is divided into five chapters: the first chapter is the "transformation of the federal government from the bystander to the participant" in the.20 world From the beginning of the period from the beginning of the 30s to the early 30s, the role of the federal government in social governance changed from "bystander" to "participant". "Small government" "big society" is the American tradition, social autonomy has become the main body of American social governance, the federal government is limited to the "limited government", and the "laissez faire" strategy for social affairs, The "bystanders" of social governance, the "night watchman". The social crisis of the "progressive era" made the conservative idea of the federal government questioned, the political reform and social practice of Theodore I and other reformist forces, breaking through the "limited government" principle, and promoting the federal government to change the "night watchman" state, The second chapter is "the enlargement of the intervention of the federal government - the establishment of the role of the intervener" in the 30 years of the.20 century. With the implementation of Roosevelt's "New Deal", the federal government has established the role of "intervener" in social governance in the.1929 economic crisis, which has caused serious impact on American society, and the traditional social governance model is difficult to follow. To promote the federal government to move towards the "big government". In the intervention capacity, the federal government, through the collection of personal income tax, reform the tax collection system and other measures to enhance the federal government tax revenue and strengthen the federal government's social regulation ability. The federal government implements a series of social policies, involved in many of the original social organizations responsible. The federal government also promotes the corresponding social functions. The federal government also promotes the adoption and implementation of the law, such as the social security law, and makes clear the responsibility of the federal government in social governance in the form of law, and promotes the institutionalization and legalization of the federal government's social governance intervention. The federal government continuously strengthens the intervention in social affairs through the social security system. The role of "intervener" in social governance is established. The third chapter is "consolidation, correction and improvement - the strengthening of the role of the intervener". The role of "intervener" in the social governance of the federal government in the.20 century 40,50 years has been consolidated and strengthened. After the relief of the impact of the great depression on American society, the concept of "state intervention" is linked The state government continues to continue to be consolidated and improved. The social functions of the federal government are further expanded. The specialized organizations and institutions make the social policies of the federal government more scientific and professional. The federal government also focuses on strengthening the construction and improvement of the legal system of social governance, and promoting the continuous expansion of social regulation power. The scope of the policy coverage is expanding and the degree of specialization of social governance institutions is gradually enhanced. The federal government's intervention in social governance is becoming more and more extensive and in-depth. The role of "the intervener" in social governance has been continuously strengthened. The fourth chapter is "the comprehensive intervention of the Federal government - the role of the intervener" in the 60s.20 century. The role of state government in social governance from "intervener" to "leader" in.60's international situation is relatively relaxed for the federal government to focus on solving domestic affairs. After World War II, the construction of a welfare state has become a trend of development, providing an external reference for the federal government to strengthen the governance and intervention of the society. Kennedy, Johnson, et al. Kennedy, Johnson and others made a sharp reform, put forward the "great society" reform plan, and promoted the federal government's social policy to carry out extensive implementation of the federal government in the 60s century. The federal government reached the peak of the intervention concept and intervention ability and realized the federal government. Under the background of building a welfare state, the federal government planned the United States society as a whole, promoted and implemented a series of wide range of social governance legislation and social policies, brought many fields of social life into the jurisdiction of the federal government, guided the development direction of American social governance and promoted the United States. The fifth chapter is "regression Conservatism - the re transformation from the intervener to the supervisor". Since the 70s of the.20 century, the role of the federal government in social governance has gradually changed from the "interventionist" to the "supervisor". The comprehensive intervention of the government will lead to many problems. Since 70s, the federal government has gradually revised the concept of intervention on social governance and returned from "state intervention" to "conservatism". The federal government implemented a series of conservative reforms, reduced the scale of the government, weakened the government's ability, and promoted the marketization, socialization and local governance of social governance. At the same time, the federal government promotes the establishment of a social governance model at the core of community autonomy, giving full play to the co-ordination, planning, guidance and supervision of the federal government, transforming the "intervener" into the "supervisor" from the social governance, and realizing the second transformation of the federal government from direct intervention to the indirect influence of social governance. The third part is the conclusion, and the overall conclusion. The role of "spectator", "participant", "intervener", "leader", "supervisor" and the historical evolution of the United States federal government in social governance were analyzed. At the same time, the federal government intervened in social governance from "lack" to "participation", from "passive response" to "initiative" since twentieth Century. From the three transformations of "direct intervention" to "indirect impact", we think about the importance and value of government in social governance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K712.5
，
本文編號：2144569
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/shoufeilunwen/rwkxbs/2144569.html
最近更新
教材專著
