本文選題：背景提示效應 + 內隱記憶�。� 參考：《天津師范大學》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：從不同視角觀察同一場景時,眼睛看到的視像會有顯著的差別。關于從某一視角學習到的場景知識能否遷移到新視角,目前有兩種觀點:一種觀點主張空間記憶不能遷移到新視角;另一種觀點主張空間記憶可以遷移到新視角。該爭論的本質是,場景的記憶痕跡是學習視角的視覺圖像,還是場景中的空間關系�；谕怙@記憶任務的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在不同的任務下這兩種空間表征都可以被個體利用。然而,對于內隱記憶空間表征方式的研究還很有限,且已有的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)內隱記憶不能遷移到學習視角之外的新視角,只能以缺乏靈活性的視網(wǎng)膜圖像進行表征。本研究通過背景提示效應范式,探討內隱空間記憶的編碼過程能否整合空間參照系的信息,從而習得場景中物體空間關系的高級表征。系統(tǒng)地操縱了二維旋轉和三維旋轉、場景內部與環(huán)境空間參照信息、視角變化方式等變量,通過三個研究共7項實驗展開對該問題的探討。研究一目的是探討在提供不同水平空間參照信息的條件下,背景提示效應能否遷移到二維場景旋轉后的新視角。使用二維人工材料組成搜索場景,設置了內部(字母方向)與環(huán)境(視覺邊框)空間參照信息同時存在、只存在內部或環(huán)境空間參照信息的三種參照信息水平。實驗1a在場景中提供了內部和環(huán)境兩種空間參照信息,選取48名被試分為3組,分別在測試階段經(jīng)歷0度、45度、60度的場景旋轉,結果發(fā)現(xiàn)三組被試在學習階段習得的背景提示效應都能遷移到新視角。實驗1b采用眼動追蹤技術,使用與實驗1a中45度組相同的實驗程序,結果發(fā)現(xiàn)場景旋轉前后的眼跳次數(shù)、掃描模式比等眼動指標模式一致。實驗2僅提供內部空間參照信息,選取32名被試分為2組,分別在測試階段經(jīng)歷了真轉、假轉的實驗條件,結果發(fā)現(xiàn)真轉組的背景提示效應完全消失了。實驗3僅提供環(huán)境空間參照線索,其他設置與實驗2相同,結果發(fā)現(xiàn)真轉組的背景提示效應得到了很大衰減。以上三個實驗的結果共同說明,二維場景中的背景提示效應能夠遷移到新異視角,提供充分的空間參照信息是效應遷移的必要條件。研究二的目的是探討如果視角變化是由觀察者移動帶來的,內隱記憶能否自動地遷移到新異視角。將與研究一相同的場景材料投影到地面上,探討場景旋轉和觀察者移動對背景提示效應視角遷移的影響。實驗4在場景中提供了內部空間參照線索,選取64名被試分為4組,分別在測試階段通過觀察者不移動場景不旋轉(O0So)、觀察者移動場景不旋轉(O+So)、觀察者不移動場景旋轉(O0S+)、觀察者移動且場景旋轉(O+S+)四種方式得到與學習階段相同或不同的視覺圖像,結果發(fā)現(xiàn)雖然被試看到的視覺圖像都不同于學習階段,但O+S0組的背景提示效應得到了保持,而O0S+組卻消失了。實驗5去除了場景中所有的空間參照信息,其他與實驗4相同,結果發(fā)現(xiàn)在測試階段O+S0組和O0S+組的背景提示效應都消失了。以上兩個實驗的結果共同說明,身體移動帶來的信息能夠使背景提示效應遷移到新異視角;同時,提供空間參照信息是實現(xiàn)遷移的必要條件。研究三的目的是探討在視覺信息變化更復雜的三維場景中背景提示效應能否遷移到新視角。采用三維真實場景組成搜索場景,并排除了真實場景中的語義信息,探討場景旋轉和觀察者移動對三維場景中背景提示效應視角遷移的影響。實驗6在場景中提供了內部空間參照信息,選取32名被試分為2組,分別在測試階段經(jīng)歷0度和45度的場景旋轉,結果發(fā)現(xiàn)45度組的效應在測試階段顯著衰減。實驗7選取64名被試,使用與實驗6相同的材料、與實驗4相同的范式,結果發(fā)現(xiàn)O+S0組的背景提示效應得到了保持,O0S+組的效應消失。以上2個實驗的結果共同說明,在空間信息變化更為復雜的三維場景旋轉中,背景提示效應也能依靠空間參照信息和觀察者移動帶來的信息實現(xiàn)空間更新。在本論文的實驗條件下,可以得到以下結論:1.在二維和三維場景中,背景提示效應都可以遷移到場景旋轉后的新視角。說明除了視網(wǎng)膜圖像,背景提示效應的編碼過程中也能加工空間關系的信息。2.背景提示效應的視角遷移需要借助空間參照信息來實現(xiàn)。不同類型的空間參照信息在這個過程中起到了不同的作用。3.觀察者自身移動帶來的空間信息也能使背景提示效應遷移到新視角,即出現(xiàn)了空間更新效應。這一過程也必須在空間參照信息的幫助下才能實現(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:Seeing the same scene from different perspectives, there are significant differences in the view of the eye. There are two views on whether the knowledge of the scene learned from a certain perspective can be moved to a new perspective: one view that spatial memory can not migrate to a new perspective; another view that space memory can be moved to a new perspective. The essence is that the memory trace of the scene is the visual image of the learning perspective or the spatial relationship in the scene. The research based on the explicit memory task finds that the two spatial representations can be used by the individual under different tasks. However, the research on the spatial representation of implicit memory is limited, and the existing research finds implicit notes. A new perspective, which can not be transferred to the learning perspective, can only be characterized by the lack of flexible retinal images. This study explores whether the encoding process of the implicit spatial memory can integrate the information of the spatial reference system through the background prompting effect paradigm, thus acquiring a high-level representation of the spatial relationship of the object in the scene. Rotation and three-dimensional rotation, internal and environmental space reference information, visual angle change, and other variables are discussed through three studies and 7 experiments. The purpose of this study is to discuss whether the background prompt effect can be moved to a new perspective after the rotation of the two-dimensional scene under the condition of providing different horizontal spatial reference information. The two dimensional artificial materials make up the search scene, set up the internal (letter direction) and the environment (visual frame) spatial reference information simultaneously, only there are three reference information levels of internal or environmental space reference information. Experimental 1A provides the internal and environmental two kinds of space reference information in the scene, and selected 48 subjects into 3 groups, respectively. In the trial stage, 0 degrees, 45 degrees, and 60 degrees of scene rotation, the results found that the three groups of subjects learned in the learning stage the background prompt effect can be moved to the new perspective. Experimental 1b using eye tracking technique, using the same experimental program as the experimental 1A 45 group, the results found the number of saccades before and after the scene rotation, scan pattern ratio and other eye movement index. The model is the same. Experiment 2 only provides internal spatial reference information, and 32 subjects are divided into 2 groups. The experimental conditions of true rotation and false rotation have been experienced in the test stage. The results found that the background effect of the true rotation group completely disappeared. Experiment 3 only provided the reference clues of the environment space, which was the same as the experiment 2, and found the background of the true rotation group. The results of the three experiments have been greatly attenuated. The results of the above experiments show that the background prompt effect in the two-dimensional scene can be migrated to the new perspective, and providing sufficient spatial reference information is the necessary condition for the effect migration. The purpose of study two is to explore whether the implicit memory is self memory if the change of perspective is caused by the movement of the observer. Move to a new perspective. Projection the same scene material to the ground, explore the effect of scene rotation and observer movement on the migration of the background prompt effect. Experiment 4 provides internal spatial reference clues in the scene, and selected 64 subjects to be divided into 4 groups, which do not move the scene by the observer at the test stage, respectively. O0So, the observer moves the scene without rotation (O+So), the observer does not move the scene rotation (O0S+), the observer moves and the scene rotates (O+S+) four ways to get the same or different visual images from the learning stage. The results show that although the visual images are different from the learning stage, the background effect of the O+S0 group is obtained. The O0S+ group disappeared. Experiment 5 went to all the spatial reference information in the scene, and the other was the same as that in the experiment 4. The results found that the background effect of the O+S0 group and the O0S+ group disappeared at the test stage. The results of the two experiments show that the information brought by the body movement can move the background effect to the new angle of view. At the same time, providing spatial reference information is a necessary condition for the realization of migration. The purpose of study three is to explore whether the background prompting effect in the more complex three-dimensional scene of visual information can be migrated to a new perspective. The search scene is composed of three-dimensional real scene, and the semantic information in the real scene is excluded, and the scene rotation and the observer are discussed. The effect of movement on the background prompting effect in three-dimensional scene. Experiment 6 provides internal spatial reference information in the scene. 32 subjects are divided into 2 groups, and the scene rotates at 0 and 45 degrees in the test stage. The results show that the effect of the 45 degree group attenuates at the test stage. Experiment 7 select 64 subjects, use and Experiment 6. The same material, with the same paradigm as experiment 4, found that the background effect of the O+S0 group was maintained and the effect of the O0S+ group disappeared. The results of the above 2 experiments showed that the background effect could also depend on the information of the space and the information brought by the observer in the more complex three-dimensional scene rotation of the spatial information. In the experimental conditions of this paper, we can get the following conclusions: 1. in both two-dimensional and three-dimensional scenes, the background prompting effect can be moved to the new perspective after the scene rotation. It shows that in addition to the retinal image, the background prompt effect in the encoding process can also process the spatial relationship information.2. background prompt effect. The shift needs to be implemented with the help of spatial reference information. Different types of spatial reference information play a different role in this process. The spatial information brought by the.3. observer's own movement can also move the background prompt effect to a new perspective, that is, the spatial update effect. This process must also be supported by the help of spatial reference information. It can be realized.
【學位授予單位】：天津師范大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B842.3

【相似文獻】

相關期刊論文 前2條

1 ;碟中碟[J];音樂生活;2005年01期

2 ;[J];;年期

相關重要報紙文章 前1條

1 九鼎德盛 肖玉航;階段震蕩調整成市場主基調[N];中國證券報;2009年

相關博士學位論文 前1條

1 李士一;場景旋轉和觀察者移動下的背景提示效應[D];天津師范大學;2017年

，

本文編號：1974009