本文選題：互聯(lián)網(wǎng) + 網(wǎng)絡(luò)宗教　； 參考：《中央民族大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：20世紀(jì)90年代后期,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)在中國興起與快速發(fā)展,并在政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、社會(huì)等各領(lǐng)域得到人們廣泛應(yīng)用。各大傳統(tǒng)宗教及新興宗教也抓住機(jī)遇,充分利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的快捷、便利、低成本等突出優(yōu)勢,推動(dòng)宗教傳播形式、宗教組織形式等方面發(fā)生變革,形成網(wǎng)絡(luò)宗教。網(wǎng)絡(luò)宗教具有雙重作用,積極作用表現(xiàn)在推動(dòng)了宗教的快速傳播,便利了宗教組織及信眾開展宗教活動(dòng),消極作用表現(xiàn)在非法的網(wǎng)絡(luò)宗教活動(dòng)對(duì)宗教自身安全、政治安全、社會(huì)安全、文化安全造成沖擊。基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)宗教的上述發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,本論文以馬克思主義宗教觀、國家安全觀為指導(dǎo),運(yùn)用宗教學(xué)、傳播學(xué)、政治學(xué)等相關(guān)理論知識(shí),結(jié)合黨和國家在宗教事務(wù)管理、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)監(jiān)管、新聞宣傳等工作領(lǐng)域的方針與政策,分四個(gè)部分對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)宗教的安全問題展開研究。第一部分側(cè)重現(xiàn)狀描述。一是以互聯(lián)網(wǎng)對(duì)宗教的雙重作用作為切入點(diǎn),通過龍泉寺等事例分析互聯(lián)網(wǎng)對(duì)宗教發(fā)展的積極作用,以打著宗教旗號(hào)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)詐騙、邪教通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)活動(dòng)等事例分析了非法網(wǎng)絡(luò)宗教活動(dòng)造成的嚴(yán)重社會(huì)危害；二是論述了網(wǎng)絡(luò)宗教發(fā)展的現(xiàn)狀。當(dāng)前宗教網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳播與發(fā)展的主要媒介包括宗教網(wǎng)站、博客空間、虛擬社區(qū)(論壇)、即時(shí)通訊群組、虛擬教堂等；網(wǎng)絡(luò)宗教的傳播內(nèi)容十分廣泛,具體包括宗教的教義和經(jīng)典,宗教領(lǐng)域的新聞與資訊,開展宗教儀式等宗教活動(dòng),線下宗教活動(dòng)的信息與通告,宗教知識(shí)、宗教活動(dòng)的感悟與討論,等等。三是分析了網(wǎng)絡(luò)宗教發(fā)展的新特征,包括宗教信息傳播的即時(shí)性、宗教組織及活動(dòng)的虛擬化、宗教信息及活動(dòng)的難以監(jiān)管性。第二部分側(cè)重理論探討。結(jié)合當(dāng)前網(wǎng)絡(luò)宗教發(fā)展實(shí)際,運(yùn)用相關(guān)理論,詳盡闡釋了網(wǎng)絡(luò)宗教的安全問題,一是宗教自身安全的數(shù)字化解構(gòu),包括多元通融的宗教生態(tài)遭到?jīng)_擊、各大宗教思想文化混沌傳播、在線宗教身份的真?zhèn)坞y辨、虛擬宗教場所的良莠不齊；二是政治安全遭遇去中心化,表現(xiàn)為信息強(qiáng)權(quán)進(jìn)一步?jīng)_擊宗教主權(quán)、傳播權(quán)力分散化下的傳統(tǒng)宗教“把關(guān)人”作用弱化、網(wǎng)絡(luò)動(dòng)員杠桿作用實(shí)現(xiàn)宗教政治動(dòng)員的“多數(shù)人小努力”、流動(dòng)性支配下的主流意識(shí)形態(tài)分化；三是社會(huì)安全遭遇自由化沖擊,表現(xiàn)為“網(wǎng)絡(luò)多數(shù)人暴政”極大干擾了社會(huì)心理、輿論的“蝴蝶效應(yīng)”增大涉宗教因素問題的社會(huì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)概率、“網(wǎng)絡(luò)意見領(lǐng)袖”強(qiáng)化宗教社會(huì)控制功能、“議題設(shè)置”主體多元化加大宗教社會(huì)沖突治理難度；四是文化安全遭遇強(qiáng)權(quán)化,表現(xiàn)為宗教文化價(jià)值負(fù)面作用放大、我國傳統(tǒng)宗教文化的弱化、西方宗教文化網(wǎng)絡(luò)霸權(quán)形成、我國宗教文化創(chuàng)新能力削弱。第三部分側(cè)重原因分析。一是我國宗教發(fā)展面臨的新挑戰(zhàn),包括我國互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的快速發(fā)展、我國宗教格局的現(xiàn)實(shí)改變、世界范圍內(nèi)宗教極端主義和恐怖主義的興起與擴(kuò)散、敵對(duì)勢力利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)開展宗教滲透問題較為突出等；二是我國宗教事務(wù)管理的存在問題,包括宗教事務(wù)管理互聯(lián)網(wǎng)意識(shí)欠缺、宗教事務(wù)管理存在真空地帶、宗教事務(wù)管理法制不完善、宗教事務(wù)管理隊(duì)伍建設(shè)不足；三是我國互聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)展存在問題,包括監(jiān)管理念存在誤區(qū)、監(jiān)管技術(shù)條件落后、監(jiān)管法制不完善。第四部分側(cè)重機(jī)制構(gòu)建。該部分以維護(hù)我國國家安全和推動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)宗教的健康發(fā)展為出發(fā)點(diǎn),立足于國內(nèi)、國際兩個(gè)層面,線上、線下兩個(gè)領(lǐng)域,對(duì)我國網(wǎng)絡(luò)宗教安全問題的防范與解決提出了相關(guān)對(duì)策與建議,一是提出了網(wǎng)絡(luò)宗教工作的主要原則。包括堅(jiān)持馬克思主義宗教觀與網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全觀相結(jié)合；堅(jiān)持中國化方向,遵循宗教和宗教工作規(guī)律；堅(jiān)持“導(dǎo)”字,牢牢掌握宗教工作主動(dòng)權(quán)。二是提出要構(gòu)建宗教的網(wǎng)絡(luò)話語主導(dǎo)權(quán)。包括通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體講好中國宗教故事；技術(shù)為先,提升信息安全保障能力；人才為重,打造高素質(zhì)專業(yè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)隊(duì)伍；綜合協(xié)調(diào),建立多部門聯(lián)動(dòng)治理機(jī)制；制度保障,提升宗教治理法治化水平。三是要抵制打擊互聯(lián)網(wǎng)下的宗教滲透。包括重點(diǎn)抵制西方敵對(duì)勢力的宗教滲透、合作打擊網(wǎng)絡(luò)恐怖主義與宗教極端主義、增強(qiáng)國際間宗教的對(duì)話與交流。四是化解現(xiàn)實(shí)宗教領(lǐng)域的實(shí)際問題。包括切實(shí)保障信教群眾的合法權(quán)益、妥善處理宗教領(lǐng)域突發(fā)性事件、切實(shí)解決信教群眾的民生問題。總之,對(duì)于網(wǎng)絡(luò)宗教問題,我們要以中國化為大方向,以積極引導(dǎo)宗教與社會(huì)主義社會(huì)相適應(yīng)為主要目標(biāo),興其利除其弊,探索有效的治理路徑與措施,使其在不威脅我國宗教自身安全、政治安全、社會(huì)安全、文化安全的基礎(chǔ)上,不斷推動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)宗教健康、有序發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:In the late 1990s, the Internet has springing up and developed rapidly in China, and has been widely used in political, economic, cultural and social fields. The great traditional religions and new religions also seize the opportunity to make full use of the advantages of the Internet, such as quick, convenient and low cost, and promote the form of religious communication and the form of religious organization. The network religion has dual functions. The active role of network religion is to promote the rapid spread of religion, facilitate the religious organizations and the believers to carry out religious activities. The negative role is manifested in the impact of illegal network religious activities on the security of religion itself, political security, social security and cultural security. With the guidance of the Marx doctrine of religion and the view of national security, this thesis uses the theories of religion, communication, politics and other relevant theoretical knowledge, combining the principles and policies of the party and the state in the field of religious affairs management, Internet supervision, news and propaganda, and divides the security of network religion into four parts. The first part focuses on the description of the status quo. First, it takes the double role of the Internet as a breakthrough point to analyze the positive role of the Internet on the development of religion through the Longquan temple, and analyzes the serious social danger caused by the illegal network religious activities by the Internet fraud with the religious flag and the Internet activities. Two is the present situation of the development of network religion. The main media of the spread and development of the current religious network include religious websites, blog spaces, virtual communities (forums), instant communication groups, virtual churches, etc.; the dissemination of network religions is very extensive, including religious teachings and classics, news and information in the religious field. Religious activities such as religious ceremonies, religious activities, information and notices of religious activities under line, religious knowledge, understanding and discussion of religious activities, and so on. Three, the new characteristics of the development of network religion are analyzed, including the immediacy of the dissemination of religious information, the virtualization of religious organizations and activities, and the difficult supervision of religious information and activities. The second part focuses on the reason. On the basis of the reality of the current network religion development and the relevant theories, it explains the security problems of the network religion in detail. One is the digital deconstruction of the religion's own security, including the impact of the religious ecology of the pluralistic harmony, the chaotic spread of the religious ideology and culture of the major religions, the authenticity of the online religious identity, and the good and the bad of the virtual religious places. The two is that the political security encountered to be centralization, manifested as the further impact of the power of information on religious sovereignty, the weakening of the traditional religious "gatekeepers" under the decentralization of decentralization, the "small efforts of the majority of the people" to mobilize the leverage of the network and the mainstream ideology under the mobility support; and the three is the social security. The "network majority tyranny" has greatly interfered with the social psychology. The "Butterfly Effect" of the public opinion increases the probability of social risk involving religious factors. "The network opinion leader" strengthens the function of religious social control, and the subject of "topic setting" increases the difficulty of the governance of religious social conflicts; four The third part focuses on the new challenges of our country's religious development, including the rapid development of our country's Internet, including the rapid development of our country's Internet, including our country's Internet. The realities of the religious pattern, the rise and spread of religious extremism and terrorism worldwide, the problem of the use of the Internet for religious infiltration by hostile forces, and so on; two, the existence of religious affairs management in China, including the lack of Internet awareness in the management of religious affairs, the existence of religious affairs management in a vacuum zone, and religion The legal system of the affairs management is not perfect, the construction of the contingent of religious affairs management is insufficient; three is the problem of the development of the Internet in our country, including the misunderstanding of the concept of supervision, the backward supervision technology and the imperfect supervision of the legal system. The fourth part focuses on the construction of the mechanism. This part is based on the maintenance of the national security of our country and the promotion of the healthy development of the network religion. Point, based on the domestic, the international two levels, the line, the line under two fields, the prevention and solution of the network religious security problems of our country, put forward relevant countermeasures and suggestions. First, the main principles of the network religious work are put forward, including the adherence to the Marx doctrine of religion and the concept of network security; adhere to the direction of China, follow religion and The law of religious work; adhere to the "guide" and firmly grasp the initiative of the religious work. Two is to put forward the leading right of the network discourse to build religion. It includes the good Chinese religious story through the network media; the technology is the first to improve the ability of information security; the talent is heavy, the high quality professional network team is created; the comprehensive coordination and the establishment of many departments. The door linkage governance mechanism; system guarantee to enhance the level of the rule of law of religious governance. Three is to resist the penetration of religion under the Internet, including the religious infiltration of the Western hostile forces, cooperation against cyber terrorism and religious extremism, and the enhancement of dialogue and communication between international religions. Four is to resolve the field of real religion. The actual problems, including the effective protection of the legitimate rights and interests of the believers, the proper handling of the unexpected events in the religious field, and the practical solution of the people's livelihood of the believers. In a word, we should take China into the major direction for the problem of network religion and actively guide the adaptation of religion to the socialist society as the main goal, and explore the advantages and disadvantages of the religion. The effective ways and measures of governance make it constantly promote the healthy and orderly development of the network religion on the basis of not threatening the security of religion itself, political security, social security and cultural security.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：B91

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