本文選題：空間方位 + 漢英對比��； 參考：《黑龍江大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：本文是漢、英兩種語言在共時平面上的對比研究�？臻g概念是人類認(rèn)知外部世界的基礎(chǔ),漢、英語言中很多的非空間概念都是由空間概念通過隱喻而來的,這足以體現(xiàn)空間方位范疇的基礎(chǔ)性和重要性。本項(xiàng)研究以空間方位作為深層概念語義,建立以靜態(tài)位置范疇和動態(tài)位移范疇為子范疇的空間方位研究框架,考察兩種語言表達(dá)同一深層語義體現(xiàn)出來的認(rèn)知角度和編碼方式上的共性與特性。研究的主要任務(wù)是通過大量的實(shí)際語料分析,找出并描寫漢英表達(dá)的共同性和差異性,運(yùn)用語言內(nèi)部制約因素和認(rèn)知語言學(xué)以及類型學(xué)研究的相關(guān)成果對現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行合理解釋。論文的前三章介紹了本文的寫作意圖;回顧了迄今為止國內(nèi)外的相關(guān)研究成果;對研究的范圍和內(nèi)容進(jìn)行界定與分類,交代論文的總體框架,為后續(xù)的對比工作打下基礎(chǔ)。第四、第五、第六章為本文的重點(diǎn)章節(jié),分別從漢、英的表達(dá)手段和兩個子范疇的角度進(jìn)行對比。在每個對比角度上,本文都先列舉表達(dá)相關(guān)概念語義的主要組構(gòu)要素,繼而按照語義的細(xì)化分類來匹配兩種語言中的表達(dá)要素,最后對比兩種語言對相同語義的編碼差異并找出規(guī)律,解析造成差異的原因。兩種語言的表達(dá)手段分為“名同值異”和“值同形異”兩類,既有相同之處,又無法一一對應(yīng),各自擁有特殊的表達(dá)手段。靜態(tài)位置范疇按照目標(biāo)物、參照物以及表示存在狀態(tài)的動詞分別對比論述;動態(tài)位移范疇按照[動體]、[背景]、[運(yùn)動]、[路徑]四個基本語義要素的詞匯化形式和表達(dá)語義的編碼方式展開對比研究。本文按照對比實(shí)際語料和翻譯驗(yàn)證的方法,通過漢譯英、英譯漢的方法處理語料,進(jìn)一步揭示兩種語言的異同。第七章對全文內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié),對研究的貢獻(xiàn)和不足之處逐一梳理,并對未來研究做出展望。本文的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),漢、英語對空間方位范疇的表達(dá)體現(xiàn)出的相同點(diǎn)為:二者都可以將空間方位范疇分為靜態(tài)位置、動態(tài)位移兩個子范疇進(jìn)行研究;對目標(biāo)物和參照物的選取有共同傾向性;物體的實(shí)體性都是表達(dá)的影響因素;都可以用存在句、處所句以及假想位移句表達(dá)靜態(tài)位置關(guān)系;對動態(tài)位移的表達(dá)都可以根據(jù)[動體]與[運(yùn)動]的不同關(guān)系區(qū)分出自移和致移兩類;對[路徑]義的表達(dá)都屬于附加語類型(S型)等等。漢、英表達(dá)空間方位范疇的異同點(diǎn):對相同概念語義的表達(dá)要素不同;目標(biāo)物和參照物在復(fù)合方位詞、方位短語、存在句等單位中,語序的組合方式相反;空間維度表達(dá)的精準(zhǔn)程度不同;位移句中對路徑描寫的細(xì)致程度不同;自移和致移的體現(xiàn)方法不同等。對比得出的兩種語言的共性和個性與各自語言系統(tǒng)屬性相關(guān);與語言使用者的認(rèn)知策略、思維角度、文化背景等非語言本體因素相關(guān)。漢語屬于孤立語,缺乏形態(tài)變化,語義關(guān)系主要靠語序和語法結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá),語序相對靈活,語言的象似性(iconicity)程度高;英語屬于屈折語,形態(tài)豐富,表達(dá)語義時大多可以直接或間接地通過形態(tài)(如時態(tài)、語態(tài)等)變化來表達(dá),語序相對固定,語言的規(guī)約性(conventionality)程度高。認(rèn)知語言學(xué)的理論是我們解釋兩種語言差異的有效手段,兩種語言的使用者對空間方位的認(rèn)知具有共性,同時由于對空間場景的掃描方式不同,體現(xiàn)為語言表層的差異性。對比得出的結(jié)論具有類型學(xué)意義,并可以為英漢互譯和對外漢語教學(xué)提供幫助。
[Abstract]:This article is the contrastive study of the Chinese and English languages on the synchronic plane. Space concept is the basis of human cognition of the external world. In Han, many non spatial concepts in English words are derived from the concept of space by metaphor. This is enough to reflect the basic and important nature of the spatial orientation category. It establishes a spatial orientation research framework based on the category of static position and the category of dynamic displacement, and examines the similarities and characteristics in the cognitive and coding ways of the two languages to express the same deep meaning. The main task of this study is to find and describe the commonality of the Chinese and English expressions through a large number of practical materials analysis. And differences, use the internal constraints of language and the relevant achievements of cognitive linguistics and typology to explain the phenomenon reasonably. The first three chapters of the thesis introduce the writing intention of this paper, review the relevant research results at home and abroad so far, define and classify the scope and content of the research, and explain the overall frame of the paper. The fourth, fifth, and sixth chapters are the key sections of this article, which are compared from the angle of the expression means of Han, English and two subcategories. In each contrast, the main components of the semantic meaning are enumerated first, and then the two types are matched according to the detailed classification of the semantics. The expression elements in the language are compared with the two languages to identify the differences in the same semantics and to find out the reasons for the difference. The expression means of the two languages are divided into two categories: "name and same value difference" and "value homomorphism". A contrastive comparison is made between the objects, the reference objects and the verbs expressing the state of existence; the category of dynamic displacement is compared to the lexicalization form and the encoding method of the expression semantics of the four basic semantic elements of [motion], [background], [motion], and [path]. The method of translating Chinese is to deal with the language material and further reveal the similarities and differences between the two languages. The seventh chapter summarizes the content of the full text, combs the contribution and the shortcomings of the research, and makes a prospect for the future research. The domain is divided into static position and dynamic displacement in two subcategories; the selection of objects and objects has common tendency; the entity of the object is the influence factor of the expression; the static position relation can be expressed by the existential sentence, the sentence and the imaginary displacement sentence; the expression of the dynamic displacement can be based on the [motion body] and the [movement]. There are two categories of self migration and transfer in different relations areas; the expression of "path" is all of the type of adjunct (S type). The similarities and differences of the spatial orientation category of Han and British are different: the elements of the same concept semantics are different; the combination of object and reference in compound azimuth, short language and existential sentence is the opposite; space is opposite; space is the opposite of the word order; The precise degree of dimension expression is different; the degree of meticulous description of the path is different in the displacement sentence; the methods of self movement and movement are different. The similarities and personalities of the two languages are related to the attributes of their respective language system; it is related to the non linguistic factors such as the cognitive strategies, the thinking angle and the cultural background of the language users. It belongs to the isolated language and lacks morphological changes. The semantic relationship is mainly expressed in word order and grammatical structure, the word order is relatively flexible and the language's iconicity (iconicity) is high. English belongs to the inflection language, and the form is rich in form. Most of the expression can be expressed directly or indirectly through the form (such as tense, voice, etc.), and the language order is relatively fixed, language order is relatively fixed, language order is relatively fixed, language order is relatively fixed, language The theory of cognitive linguistics is a high degree of conventionality. The theory of cognitive linguistics is an effective means to explain the differences between two languages. The users of the two languages have commonness in the cognition of the spatial orientation, and the difference in the surface of the language because of the different scanning ways of the space scene. It can also help translation between English and Chinese and teaching Chinese as a foreign language.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：黑龍江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：H315.9
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本文編號：1958550