本文選題：和 + 中和　； 參考：《山東大學》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：本文以歷代儒家經(jīng)典為線索,對儒家“和”觀念的起源、內(nèi)涵與思想觀念的內(nèi)在發(fā)展軌跡,進行了梳理與理論分析,以此探究“和”觀念在中國哲學文化形態(tài)中的獨特內(nèi)涵與理論特征,并力求展現(xiàn)儒家“和”觀念背后中國哲學獨特的問題意識、理論思維方式與價值關(guān)懷。本文的主旨在于梳理與闡釋出從先秦到宋明時期儒家“和”觀念的內(nèi)涵特征,內(nèi)在的發(fā)展軌跡與理路,這是本文的重點和難點所在,也是本文的創(chuàng)新之處。儒家“和”觀念在不同的歷史發(fā)展時期展現(xiàn)出了不同的思想范式。本論文在考察了“和”字的語源學分析的基礎(chǔ)上,分別從禮樂之“和”、陰陽氣感之“和”與天命心性之“中和”三個方面闡發(fā)了儒家“和”觀念在不同歷史時期的不同思想范式。第一章闡釋“和”觀念的源起。首先從甲骨文、金文入手對“和”做了相關(guān)的語源學方面的考察,揭示出“和”的原始本義與引申義,以求從根源處理解“和”之內(nèi)涵。在此基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合社會歷史文化的發(fā)展,對“和”觀念之源起的三代時期的“和”觀念做了相關(guān)的闡釋。最后圍繞著“和”觀念,對“和”與“中”、“中和”與“中庸”、“忠恕”、“仁義”、“致誠”等儒家思想中幾個極為重要的觀念之間的關(guān)系做了相關(guān)的考察,以求更全面地、完整地理解儒家“和”觀念之內(nèi)涵。第二章闡釋儒家的禮樂之“和”觀念。先秦儒家主要從人文層面的禮樂教化上闡釋“和”。先秦儒家關(guān)注的重點是現(xiàn)實社會秩序的和諧有序上,在闡釋“和”的內(nèi)涵與特征時也重在將“和”納入禮樂制度的范圍之下進行考察。他們以人的中和本性為人性論依據(jù),主張禮以致“和”,樂以成“和”,通過禮樂教化的方式來調(diào)節(jié)、涵養(yǎng)人的中和性情,進而來調(diào)和人與人、人與社會之間的關(guān)系,從而促進社會群體的整體有序之和諧。這個時期“和”觀念的內(nèi)涵、思想范式與理論特征可以概括為禮樂之“和”。第三章闡釋儒家的陰陽氣感之“和”觀念。由《易傳》開始,儒家開啟了從宇宙論層面論“和”的陰陽氣感之“和”思想模式。先秦儒家主要從人文主義層面上追求一種禮樂教化之“和”,而缺乏一種對“和”觀念的形上理論建構(gòu)�！兑讉鳌吩谖铡⒔梃b道家的宇宙觀之后對儒家思想“蔽于人而不知天”弊端進行了糾正與補充,使得儒家“和”觀念開始展現(xiàn)出一種形上的宇宙論理論維度�！兑讉鳌钒选疤珮O”作為宇宙萬物的本源,而“太極”即是陰陽淳和未分之氣,即是一種陰陽氣感之“和”。本源之“和”按著陰陽和合之道化生了宇宙萬物,宇宙的化生及其萬物之間動態(tài)的整體和諧即是在陰陽交感、陰陽變易的過程中得以實現(xiàn)的,陰陽和合之道成為宇宙生命和諧歷程的根本法則。由《易傳》開啟的陰陽氣感之“和”思想范式成了戰(zhàn)國中晚期、漢代儒家“和”觀念的主要內(nèi)涵特征與思想范式。漢代的“和”即是一種天人合一視野下的陰陽氣感之“和”,至宋初的張載,天地萬物之間的陰陽氣感之“和”觀念達到了思想理論的高峰。第四章闡釋儒家的天命心性之“中和”觀念。宋明理學主要依據(jù)《中庸》首章的“中和”觀,圍繞“未發(fā)”、“已發(fā)”、“天命”、“心性”、“體用”等范疇,從形而上的天命、心性的層面對“中和”觀展開了細致的論述。宋明理學通過對《中庸》、《易傳》、《大學》等原始儒家文獻的挖掘,融合佛老思想,并結(jié)合自身的心理體驗與理論建構(gòu),找到了“中和”的形而上的天命與心性論的依據(jù),使得“中和”的天命、心性內(nèi)涵在宋明理學中被大加闡發(fā)。由于《中庸》對“中”與“和”、“未發(fā)”、“已發(fā)”等概念并未做出明確而清晰地界定,這就為對其做出進一步的詮釋與闡發(fā)保留了極大的理論空間。這個時期的“中和”觀系統(tǒng)、深刻而富有思辨性,“中和”被賦予了至高無上的形而上地位以及心性化的色彩,我們把這個時期“和”觀念的內(nèi)涵特征與思想范式概括為天命心性中和觀。
[Abstract]:This paper, taking the Confucian classics as the clue, makes an analysis of the origin, the connotation and the inner development of the Confucian concept of "and", and explores the unique connotation and theoretical characteristics of the concept of "and" in Chinese philosophical culture, and tries to find out the unique question of Chinese Philosophy behind the "harmony" concept of Confucianism. The main purpose of this article is to sort out and explain the connotations of the concept of "harmony" from the pre Qin period to the song and Ming Dynasties, the inner development path and the logical path, which is the key and difficult point of this article, and also the innovation of this article. The concept of Confucian "harmony" is displayed in different historical periods. On the basis of the analysis of the etymology of "he", this paper expounds the different thinking patterns of the Confucian "harmony" in different historical periods from the three aspects of the "harmony" of the rites and music, the "harmony" of yin and Yang and the "Neutralization" of the nature of the nature. The first chapter explains the origin of the concept of "harmony". First of all, from the oracle bone inscription and Jin Wen, we have made an investigation of the related etymology of "he" and revealed the original meaning and extension meaning of "he" in order to understand the connotation of "and" from the origin. On this basis, the concept of "harmony" in the three generation period, which originated from the concept of "harmony", was related to the development of the social and historical culture. In the end, the relationship between "harmony" and "Zhong", "Zhong" and "Zhong", "Zhong" and "Zhongyong", "loyalty and forgiveness", "benevolence" and "sincerity" were investigated in the last, in order to fully understand the connotation of the Confucian "and" concept in an all-round way. The second chapter explains the Confucianism. The Confucianists in the pre Qin period mainly explain the "harmony" from the humane level of rites and music. The emphasis of the pre Qin Confucianism is on the harmonious and orderly social order. In the interpretation of the connotation and characteristics of the "and", it is also emphasized under the scope of the "harmony" into the rites and music system. On the basis of the theory of human nature, the main Zhang Li so as "and" is "harmony", and the music is "and", through the way of the teaching of rites and music to adjust, cultivate people's neutralization, and then to reconcile the relationship between people and people, and the relationship between people and society, thus promoting the overall orderly harmony of the social groups. The third chapter explains the "harmony" of the Confucian School of yin and Yang. From the beginning of "Yi Zhuan", Confucianism opened the "and" thought pattern of the Yin and Yang feeling of "and" from the cosmological level. The pre Qin Confucianism pursued a kind of "harmony" from the humanistic level, and lacked a concept of "harmony". In the form of theoretical construction, < Yi Zhuan > to absorb and draw lessons from the Taoist universe view to correct and supplement the abuse of Confucian thought "to man but not to know the sky", which makes the Confucian "and" concept begin to show a dimensional theory dimension of form. The harmony between yin and Yang and the harmony between yin and yang are the fundamental laws of the harmonious course of life in the universe. The "harmony" of the Yin and Yang sense opened by the Yi Zhuan became the main connotations and ideological paradigms of the Confucian "harmony" in the Han Dynasty. The "harmony" of the Han Dynasty was the "harmony" of the Yin and Yang feeling under the vision of the harmony between the heaven and the man, and the "and" ideas of the Yin and Yang sense between the universe and the world reached the beginning of the Song Dynasty. The fourth chapter explains the "Neutralization" concept of the Confucianist's nature of heaven and soul. Song and Ming Neo Confucianism mainly based on the concept of neutralization in the first chapter of the doctrine of the mean, around the category of "not", "already", "destiny", "heart", "body use" and so on, from the metaphysical life to the "Neutralization" view of the heart. Through the excavation of the original Confucian literature, such as "Zhongyong >", "Yi Zhuan >" and "University >", Song Ming Neo Confucianism, combining the Buddhist and old thoughts, combined with his own psychological experience and theoretical construction, found the metaphysical destiny of "Neutralization" and the basis of the theory of mind, which made the "Neutralization" the destiny of the heart and the intension of the heart were elucidated in the Neo Confucianism of song and Ming. The concept of "zhong" and "harmony", "unissued" and "already sent" have not been defined clearly and clearly. This has retained a great theoretical space for its further interpretation and elucidation. The system of "Neutralization" in this period is profound and thoughtable, and "Neutralization" has been given the supreme metaphysical position and heart. In terms of sexual color, we summarize the connotations and thinking patterns of the concept of "harmony" in this period into the concept of heaven, nature, mind and neutrality.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：B21
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本文編號：1916731