本文選題：冀南 + 西豆莊�。� 參考：《河北大學》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：農業(yè)生產,是農村經濟的重要組成部分,對農村經濟格局和農村經濟發(fā)展有著極為重要的影響。本文以1923到2013年冀南平鄉(xiāng)縣西豆莊村為研究對象,對此問題展開討論。西豆莊村是20世紀20年代卜凱中國農村調查的具體調查點之一,是一個比較有代表性的華北平原內陸村莊。在長達近百年的時間里,該村莊歷經數(shù)次變革,政治、經濟、文化和社會生活都發(fā)生了結構性的變遷,這些變遷深刻的影響了農業(yè)生產活動,由此帶來了農業(yè)生產力的根本性變化。歷史上的農業(yè),是現(xiàn)實農業(yè)發(fā)展的基礎和前提。研究農業(yè)生產的長時段變遷,目的在于充分認識歷史上的農業(yè),探尋農業(yè)生產變遷的脈絡和動力,以便更全面的解釋農業(yè)生產的現(xiàn)狀并為農業(yè)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的制定提供歷史依據(jù)和現(xiàn)實觀察的角度。在研究過程中,筆者將農業(yè)生產問題劃分為地權、農業(yè)生產經營方式和農業(yè)技術條件三個子問題,并重點討論了農業(yè)生產變遷的階段性特征和小農經營體制的優(yōu)劣。筆者綜合運用了文本資料(卜凱中國農村調查資料、地方檔案館檔案資料、西豆莊村委會和村民個人收藏)、實地訪談記錄和問卷調查等多種形式的資料并注意對各種資料加以甄別,在此基礎上,將實證研究與理論思考結合起來,對西豆莊的農業(yè)生產變遷歷程進行了客觀分析。本文認為:1923年至2013年間西豆莊的農業(yè)生產走過了一個螺旋式上升的發(fā)展軌跡,即從民國時期的低土地產出率、低勞動生產率,到集體化時期的土地產出率穩(wěn)步提高、勞動生產率停滯不前,再到轉型時期的土地產出率增速由快變慢、勞動生產率快速提高。近百年來,地權和農業(yè)生產經營方式的變遷經歷了否定之否定的歷程,而農業(yè)技術條件的變遷則經歷了由傳統(tǒng)到現(xiàn)代漸次遞進的歷程。地權問題上,從民國時期較為分散的土地占有格局,到集體化時期公有制基礎上的地權集中,到轉型時期公有制基礎上的土地使用權下放,再到近年來土地流轉政策的實施使分散在農戶手中的土地使用權得以重新整合。地權的變遷歷經分散與集中的反復轉換,直至目前出現(xiàn)分散與集中共存的情況。農業(yè)生產經營方式問題上,從民國時期小農的個體自主經營,到集體化時期的集體統(tǒng)一經營,到轉型時期個體自主經營的復歸,再到近年來出現(xiàn)的新型農民經濟合作。農業(yè)生產經營方式的變遷在自主與合作之間循環(huán)聯(lián)動,直至目前出現(xiàn)自主與合作相融的現(xiàn)象。農業(yè)技術條件問題上,從民國時期以人力為主,到集體化時期由人力向機械力的過渡,再到轉型時期農機時代的到來,農業(yè)技術條件逐步走向了現(xiàn)代化。在這一過程中,勞動力的過剩與轉移問題始終與農業(yè)技術條件的變革速度和發(fā)展方向交織在一起,相互制約并相互協(xié)調。在長達近百年的時間里,由于制度、技術和勞動力要素不同的配比情況,西豆莊不同階段的農業(yè)生產呈現(xiàn)出各具特色的時代特征,但不管是過去還是現(xiàn)在,農業(yè)生產問題都尚未得到真正有效的解決,實現(xiàn)中國農業(yè)“有增長的發(fā)展”目標依然任重而道遠。小農經營是一種低效率高效用的經營方式,它的存在和發(fā)展有其歷史的合理性。小農的經濟行為之所以固守“安全第一”的原則,源于其自身的局限性和農村社會保障體系還較為脆弱。轉型時期,政府應當做的并非通過徹底改造來消除或毀滅小農經營,而是因勢利導,一方面,推行家庭承包經營基礎上的農民合作;另一方面建立健全農村社會保障體系和農業(yè)公共服務體系。政府應當成為一種導向型、輔助型而非控制型的力量,才能夠保障農業(yè)的健康順利發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Agricultural production is an important part of the rural economy, which has a very important influence on the rural economic pattern and the development of rural economy. This paper takes the village of Xi Dou village, Pingxiang County, Hebei Province from 1923 to 2013 as the research object, to discuss the problem. The village of West Dou Zhuang is one of the specific investigation points of the rural China survey of Bu Kai in 1920s. A relatively representative inland village in the North China Plain. In the last hundred years, the village has undergone several changes, political, economic, cultural and social life have undergone structural changes. These changes have profoundly affected agricultural production activities, thus bringing about fundamental changes in agricultural productivity. The basic and prerequisite of the development of real agriculture is to study the long period changes of agricultural production in order to fully understand the history of agriculture, to explore the context and motive force of the changes in agricultural production, so as to provide a more comprehensive explanation of the current situation of agricultural production and to provide a historical basis and practical observation for the formulation of agricultural development strategy. The author divides the problem of agricultural production into three sub issues: land rights, agricultural production and management and agricultural technical conditions, and focuses on the stage characteristics of agricultural production changes and the advantages and disadvantages of small farmers' management system. In this paper, the agricultural production of West Dou Zhuang is considered as an objective analysis of the agricultural production process of West Dou Zhuang from 1923 to 2013. It has gone through a spiral development track, that is, the low land property rate, low labor productivity, the land output rate in the period of collectivization, the labor productivity stagnation, the growth rate of land output rate in the transition period and the rapid increase of labor productivity. The change of the mode of operation has experienced the course of negative negation, and the change of agricultural technology conditions has experienced a gradual progress from traditional to modern. On the issue of land rights, the scattered land occupancy pattern in the period of the Republic of China, the centralization of the land rights on the basis of the public ownership in the period of collectivization, and the land on the basis of the public ownership system in the period of transition. With the decentralization of rights and the implementation of the land transfer policy in recent years, the right to use the land dispersed in the hands of the farmers has been reintegrated. The change of the land rights has been changed through the dispersion and centralization, until the present situation of decentralization and centralization. Collective unified management in the period of collectivization, to the return of independent management in the period of transition, and then to the new type of peasant economic cooperation in recent years. The change of agricultural production and operation mode has been circulated between autonomy and cooperation until the phenomenon of autonomy and cooperation. In the process of this process, the surplus and transfer of labor force intertwined with the speed and direction of agricultural technological conditions, and interacted and coordinated each other. For nearly a hundred years, the agricultural production in the different stages of the West Dou Zhuang was characterized by different characteristics in different stages of the system, technology and labor factors. However, the problem of agricultural production has not been effectively solved in the past or now, and the goal of "growth development" in China's agriculture is to be achieved. The management of small farmers is a kind of low efficiency and efficient operation, and its existence and development have its historical rationality. The reason why the economic behavior of small farmers adhered to the principle of "safety first" stems from its own limitations and the rural social security system is relatively fragile and weak. The government should do not through the transition period. To eliminate or destroy the management of small farmers is to be completely reformed and destroyed. On the one hand, the farmer cooperation on the basis of household contract management is carried out. On the other hand, the rural social security system and the agricultural public service system are established. The government should be a guiding, auxiliary, not controlled power to guarantee the health of agriculture. Development.

【學位授予單位】：河北大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：K29
，

本文編號：1847770