本文選題：幸福 + 德性��； 參考：《黑龍江大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：亞里士多德是西方哲學(xué)史上第一個(gè)對(duì)幸福問(wèn)題進(jìn)行深入系統(tǒng)研究的人,其《尼各馬可倫理學(xué)》和《政治學(xué)》兩部著作,更是被看成是有關(guān)人類幸福的實(shí)踐科學(xué)。亞里士多德以靈魂論為基礎(chǔ),從人的理性功能出發(fā),論證了幸福是靈魂的合乎德性的實(shí)現(xiàn)活動(dòng);并依據(jù)潛能和現(xiàn)實(shí)理論,指出幸福不僅僅是擁有德性,更重要的是德性的實(shí)現(xiàn)活動(dòng),而且要持續(xù)一生。他把幸福劃分為兩種,即沉思的幸福與德性的幸福,并認(rèn)為沉思的幸福是最大的幸福,是最類似于神的幸福,但只有少數(shù)人可以達(dá)到;而屬人的道德德性的幸福是第二好的,但卻是大多數(shù)人可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的幸福。亞里士多德對(duì)幸福的探討,是以屬人的幸福為核心,圍繞著如何實(shí)現(xiàn)道德德性的活動(dòng)而展開(kāi)。他認(rèn)為,德性幸福的獲得必須以中道為原則,因?yàn)榕c情感和實(shí)踐相關(guān)的道德德性是一種選擇的品質(zhì),存在于相對(duì)于我們的中道之中。對(duì)中道的正確把握,需要具有實(shí)踐智慧的人。實(shí)踐智慧是幸福生活的保障,沒(méi)有實(shí)踐智慧也就不可能有幸福。亞里士多德又指出,人天生是政治動(dòng)物,趨于城邦的生活,公民的幸福只有統(tǒng)一于城邦的幸福才可最終實(shí)現(xiàn),從而完成了其幸福理論大廈的構(gòu)建。亞里士多德的德性幸福論,盡管歷經(jīng)幾千年的洗禮,但至今依然具有現(xiàn)實(shí)的價(jià)值,為解決當(dāng)代社會(huì)道德建設(shè)的困境提供了有益的借鑒。
[Abstract]:Aristotle was the first person in the history of western philosophy to make a thorough and systematic study of happiness. His two works, Nigomac Ethics and political Science, are also regarded as practical science of human happiness. Aristotle based on the theory of soul, from the rational function of man, demonstrated that happiness is the realization of virtue of the soul, and according to the theory of potential and reality, he pointed out that happiness is not only the possession of virtue, What is more important is the realization of virtue, and it will last for a lifetime. He divided happiness into two categories, the happiness of contemplation and the happiness of virtue, and thought that the happiness of contemplation was the greatest, the most similar to the happiness of God, but only a few could achieve it; and the happiness of the moral virtue of man was the second best. But it is the happiness that most people can achieve. Aristotle's discussion of happiness is centered on personal happiness and revolves around how to realize moral virtue. He believes that the achievement of virtue happiness must be based on the principle of the middle way, because the moral virtue related to emotion and practice is a quality of choice, which exists in the middle way relative to ours. The correct grasp of the middle way requires people with practical wisdom. Practical wisdom is the guarantee of a happy life, there can be no happiness without practical wisdom. Aristotle also pointed out that man is born a political animal and tends to the life of a city-state, and the citizen's happiness can only be realized by unifying the happiness of a city-state, thus completing the construction of his theoretical edifice of happiness. Aristotle's theory of moral happiness, though after thousands of years of baptism, still has practical value, which provides a useful reference for solving the dilemma of moral construction in contemporary society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：黑龍江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：B502.233
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本文編號(hào)：1809460