本文選題：國家治理　切入點(diǎn)：清代　出處：《云南大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：“國家治理”是當(dāng)下學(xué)術(shù)界研究的理論與現(xiàn)實(shí)熱點(diǎn)問題。2013年末,習(xí)近平主席發(fā)表重要講話,對“國家治理”的含義作出了重要闡釋。隨后,該研究得到政治學(xué)、行政管理學(xué)等學(xué)科領(lǐng)域諸多學(xué)者們的廣泛重視。本論文以歷史學(xué)的研究視角,認(rèn)為今天的國家治理與歷史時(shí)期一脈相承,“治”與“理”二者有內(nèi)在的邏輯關(guān)系,帶有國之治亂與國之管理的含義,是國家對地方治亂之后管理制度的建構(gòu)及政策方針的實(shí)施。為此,本論文選取清代滇東南邊疆民族地區(qū)這一時(shí)段的特殊區(qū)域作為研究對象,以歷史地理學(xué)的研究方法為手段,從三個(gè)角度探討了清代滇東南區(qū)域國家治理的進(jìn)程：行政區(qū)劃的建立、邊疆軍事防御體系的構(gòu)建、基層社會(huì)的管理體制。這三個(gè)方面相輔相成,層層遞進(jìn)。首先,國家在進(jìn)行改土歸流以后,進(jìn)行了行政區(qū)劃的設(shè)置,仿照內(nèi)地的城市格局設(shè)治、筑城、挖池,還有學(xué)校、倉廒、養(yǎng)濟(jì)院等公共設(shè)施,標(biāo)志著國家行政權(quán)力的進(jìn)入；其次,為保障日常行政機(jī)構(gòu)的正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)及穩(wěn)定邊疆民族社會(huì),作為清代國家常備軍之一的綠營兵正式駐防,并在各道路交通節(jié)點(diǎn)設(shè)置了汛、塘、關(guān)、哨、卡,形成了嚴(yán)密的軍事布防網(wǎng)絡(luò)；再次,鑒于邊疆民族地區(qū)自然和人文環(huán)境的復(fù)雜性,清朝政府一方面將內(nèi)地基層社會(huì)的管理體制移植與模擬至該區(qū)域內(nèi),另一方面適當(dāng)保留了部分民族社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu),將其與內(nèi)地基層組織結(jié)合形成共同治理,并逐漸發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)、開采礦產(chǎn)資源,正是國家治理能力的體現(xiàn),此外,地方政府還努力發(fā)展文化教育與公共事業(yè),增強(qiáng)了邊民的國家認(rèn)同感；最后,當(dāng)晚清滇東南遭遇法國殖民者的入侵面臨邊疆危機(jī)之時(shí),特別是涉及界務(wù)糾紛時(shí),從中央政府到封疆大吏能夠做到寸土必爭、守土有責(zé),體現(xiàn)了維護(hù)國家領(lǐng)土完整的強(qiáng)烈責(zé)任感。概言之,本文以清代滇東南區(qū)域作為研究的特定時(shí)段和區(qū)域,從行政區(qū)劃的設(shè)置、邊疆軍事防御體系的構(gòu)建、基層社會(huì)的管理體制這三個(gè)專題作了探究。雖各有側(cè)重,但主要是從行政、軍事、社會(huì)來討論國家在邊疆少數(shù)民族地區(qū)的治理進(jìn)程,指出清代完成國家建構(gòu)和邊疆治理是通過“治亂”(武力平定與統(tǒng)一)——“理正”(恢復(fù)民族社會(huì)秩序)——“善后”(全面建構(gòu)邊疆治亂制度體系)——“一體化”等幾個(gè)階段；通過對改土歸流后邊疆筑城運(yùn)動(dòng)以及邊疆城市的內(nèi)部格局特點(diǎn)研究,探討了國家治理機(jī)構(gòu)在邊疆民族地區(qū)推行的地理演進(jìn)特點(diǎn)和歷史進(jìn)程。國家治理的最終目的是以此來不斷消融邊疆與內(nèi)地的差異,達(dá)到二者一體化的進(jìn)程,從而更有利于維護(hù)邊疆地區(qū)的社會(huì)穩(wěn)定與繁榮。
[Abstract]:"State Governance" is a hot issue in theory and reality in academic circles at present. At the end of 2013, President Xi Jinping made an important speech and explained the meaning of "national governance".Subsequently, the research has received extensive attention from many scholars in the fields of political science, administrative management and other disciplines.From the perspective of history, this paper holds that the governance of the country today is in the same vein with the historical period, and that there is an inherent logical relationship between "governance" and "reason", with the meaning of the governance of the state and the management of the state.It is the construction of the management system and the implementation of the policy policy after the state governs the chaos.For this reason, this paper selects the special region of the ethnic minority region of southeast Yunnan in the Qing Dynasty as the research object, and takes the research method of historical geography as the means.This paper probes into the process of national governance in Southeast Yunnan in Qing Dynasty from three angles: the establishment of administrative divisions, the construction of military defense system in frontier areas, and the management system of grass-roots society.These three aspects complement each other and progress step by step.First of all, after reconstructing the land and returning to the country, the state has carried out administrative regionalization, set up administrative divisions to imitate the urban pattern in the mainland, built cities, dug pools, and other public facilities such as schools, granaries, and Yangji hospitals, marking the entry of the state's administrative power.In order to ensure the normal operation of the daily administrative organs and stabilize the borderland ethnic society, the Green Battalions, one of the State standing Armies of the Qing Dynasty, were formally stationed, and flood, ponds, checkpoints, posts and cards were set up at various road traffic nodes.A tight military defense network was formed. Thirdly, in view of the complexity of the natural and human environment in the frontier ethnic areas, the Qing Dynasty government, on the one hand, transplanted and simulated the management system of the grass-roots society in the interior into the region.On the other hand, the proper preservation of the social structure of some ethnic groups, the combination of them with grass-roots organizations in the interior to form joint governance, and the gradual development of agriculture and the exploitation of mineral resources are the embodiment of the national governance capacity. In addition,The local governments also worked hard to develop culture, education and public utilities, which strengthened the national identity of the border people. Finally, when the French colonists invaded the southeast of Yunnan in the late Qing Dynasty, they faced a crisis in the frontier areas, especially when they were involved in disputes over border affairs.From the central government to Fengjiang officials, they can fight for every inch of land and have responsibility, which embodies a strong sense of responsibility to safeguard the territorial integrity of the country.In a word, this paper takes the region of southeast Yunnan as the special period and region of the study in the Qing Dynasty, and probes into the three topics of setting up the administrative division, constructing the military defense system of the border area, and the management system of the grass-roots society.Although each has its own emphasis, it is mainly from the administrative, military, and social perspectives to discuss the process of governance of the state in the borderland ethnic minority areas.It is pointed out that the completion of national construction and border governance in the Qing Dynasty was achieved through "ruling chaos" (settling down and unifying by force and "rationalizing") (restoring national social order)-"rehabilitating the aftermath" (comprehensively constructing the border area system of controlling chaos).Integration "and other stages;"Based on the study of the movement of building a city in the border area and the characteristics of the internal pattern of the borderland city after the reform of the land and the return of the land, this paper probes into the characteristics of the geographical evolution and the historical process carried out by the national governance organization in the ethnic areas of the frontier area.The ultimate goal of national governance is to constantly melt the differences between the border areas and the interior, to achieve the process of integration of the two, thus more conducive to the maintenance of social stability and prosperity in the border areas.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：云南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：K249
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本文編號(hào)：1709218