本文選題：海岸帶　切入點：環(huán)境變遷　出處：《復(fù)旦大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：海岸帶(coastal zone)是陸海交互作用過渡地帶,歷史時期江蘇海岸帶是觀察地理環(huán)境變化與人類活動變化的典型區(qū)域,江蘇濱海平原在數(shù)百年內(nèi)快速淤漲形成,今天仍然擁有全國甚至全球范圍內(nèi)面積最大的潮灘,明清時期區(qū)域內(nèi)存在長期鹽作、農(nóng)作活動,劇烈的地理環(huán)境變化與多樣的人類活動變遷,巨變的地理舞臺、豐富的人文大戲,對討論歷史時期陸海交互作用以及人地關(guān)系具有重要學(xué)術(shù)意義。本文以明清兩淮鹽作與環(huán)境的關(guān)系為研究出發(fā)點。以往兩淮鹽業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)研究中,對生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)關(guān)注甚少,缺乏鹽作與環(huán)境關(guān)系討論,而傳統(tǒng)時代鹽作活動與環(huán)境變化關(guān)系密切,特別是在明清時期黃河南徙、海涂快速淤漲的背景下,環(huán)境變遷到底對鹽作活動產(chǎn)生什么樣的影響,以往學(xué)界并沒有深入開展討論。筆者通過現(xiàn)代模擬與歷史文獻(xiàn)結(jié)合,嘗試復(fù)原明清鹽作環(huán)境變遷特點與兩淮鹽作生態(tài)基本面貌,對明清淮鹽經(jīng)濟(jì)興衰過程、鹽作與環(huán)境的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了重新梳理。在此基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)一步討論了鹽、墾、漁等人類活動與環(huán)境變化的相互關(guān)系,試圖深化對海岸帶區(qū)域人地關(guān)系變遷的認(rèn)識。明清時期,江蘇海岸帶在蘇北沿海呈現(xiàn)長期的淤漲過程,生態(tài)環(huán)境在海涂要素演替規(guī)律作用下,也表現(xiàn)為一定規(guī)律性的變遷。地理環(huán)境變遷導(dǎo)致海岸帶生態(tài)要素空間分布與資源組合關(guān)系發(fā)生不同程度的變化,這種變化引起人們獲取可利用資源方式的改變。江蘇沿海自然環(huán)境變遷導(dǎo)致了宜耕、宜鹽、宜漁帶分異。在長期施行蓄草供煎制度下,海岸帶表現(xiàn)為獨特的鹽作生態(tài),并伴隨海岸東遷,移亭就鹵。通過鹽作與環(huán)境的考察,社會經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境變化往往是淮鹽興衰變遷的主要原因,海勢東遷引發(fā)的自然環(huán)境變化并非影響淮鹽興衰的主要因素。明清官府長期重鹽抑農(nóng),施行蓄草供煎禁墾政策,導(dǎo)致自然資源分配以鹽作活動為主,在海岸帶社會經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治過程中,官府對海岸帶資源、鹽作活動的壟斷,是為了穩(wěn)定獲取鹽課,使其繼續(xù)成為封建政體維持統(tǒng)治的財賦來源地,這種巨大的財政依賴內(nèi)化為對海岸帶壟斷的高度自覺,進(jìn)而強(qiáng)化了對海岸帶人地系統(tǒng)均衡發(fā)展(因地制宜)、自發(fā)演替的抑制,地方社會力量長期缺乏主動性。王朝需要在該系統(tǒng)中穩(wěn)定地獲取長期的物質(zhì)與能量供應(yīng),其海岸帶管理長期重鹽輕墾,導(dǎo)致海岸帶資源配置低效化,扭曲了系統(tǒng)自身“演替”,激化人地矛盾,也積攢了對舊政策的破壞力,加快了壟斷自身解體。官府管制崩潰,地方社會力量便快速推動海岸帶生產(chǎn)布局重構(gòu),為清末民初廢灶興墾提供了歷史條件。清末民初,在全國放墾的背景下,海岸帶開始了放墾計劃。但墾利者往往夸大墾利,海岸帶社會經(jīng)濟(jì)活動從以往重鹽抑墾的一端滑向重墾抑鹽的另一個極端,大力推動廢灶興墾運(yùn)動,事實上加速了淮南鹽衰,資源配置不再以鹽作活動為中心,但沿海地區(qū)宜鹽帶的存在,又難以全然廢灶,最終鹽墾并行、廢灶不廢鹽成為這一時期海岸帶社會經(jīng)濟(jì)突出表現(xiàn)。海岸帶自然、社會經(jīng)濟(jì)與政治過程的互動,又集中表現(xiàn)在人地矛盾程度的變化上,長期施行興灶禁墾、蓄草供煎的壟斷性海岸帶管理制度,惡化了區(qū)域人地關(guān)系,但政治過程未能成為應(yīng)對人地矛盾程度尖銳化的自覺者。清末內(nèi)憂外患,加上保守風(fēng)氣,清廷反而更加依賴淮鹽課賦而無法自拔,最終海岸帶管制與清廷自身一起崩潰。
[Abstract]:The coastal zone (coastal zone) is the transition zone of interaction between land and sea, the coastal zone of Jiangsu is a typical region of historical observation geographical environment change and human activities in the coastal plain in Jiangsu, hundreds of years of rapid siltation, today still has a national and even worldwide largest tidal flat, farming activities in the area of memory in the Ming and Qing Dynasties long, intense salt, environmental changes and various human activities change, changes in the geographical stage, rich cultural drama, has important academic significance to discuss the history of interaction between land and sea and the man land relationship in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In this paper, two Huai salt as the relationship with the environment as the starting point. In the past two salt in economic research, production of little attention, lack of salt to discuss the relationship with the environment and the traditional era of salt relations activities and environmental changes closely, especially in the period of Ming and Qing the Yellow River South Beach, the rapid siltation under the background of environmental change in the end of the salt activity to produce what kind of impact, the previous scholars did not carry out the discussion. The author combines with historical literature by modern simulation, attempts to recover the characteristics of Ming and Qing Dynasties salt environment changes and two Huai salt ecological basic features, the economic rise and fall of Huai salt and salt for the Ming and Qing Dynasties, has been redefined the relationship with the environment. On this basis, further discusses the relationship between salt, cultivation, fishing and other human activities and environmental changes, to deepen understanding of the relationship between people with regional changes on the coast. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, showing long-term siltation in North Jiangsu coastal Jiangsu coastal zone in succession, the ecological environment of coastal elements, as well as the changes of certain regularity. The change of geographical environment in the coastal zone of spatial distribution of ecological elements and resource combination relations change in different degrees This change, caused people to obtain the available resources. The change of natural environment of Jiangsu coastal changes have caused arable, suitable salt, fishery zones. In the long-term implementation of storage system for fried grass, coastal ecological performance for the unique salt, with the coastline moved, moved by the salt booth is halogen. As with the environment investigation, the change of social economic environment is the main reason for the rise and fall of the sea salt change, caused by the change of natural environment potential Dongqian will not affect the rise and fall of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The rulers of Huai salt salt long-term suppression of agricultural purposes, storage grass for fried cultivation prohibition policy, resulting in natural resource allocation activities with salt as the main belt the social economy on the coast, in the political process, the government of the coastal zone resources, salt monopoly activities, in order to obtain stable salt, to continue to maintain the rule of the feudal regime to become finance sources, this huge financial dependence into the sea Highly conscious Bank Monopoly, thereby strengthening the coastal people balanced development system (conditions), inhibition of spontaneous succession, long-term lack of initiative of local social forces. Government needed stable access to material and energy supply in the system, the coastal zone management long-term salt light cultivation, these coastal resources allocation efficiency, distortion of the system itself "succession", the intensification of the contradiction between people and land, but also the accumulation of the destruction of the old policy, speeding up its disintegration. The government monopoly control collapse, local social forces will promote the rapid production of coastal zone layout reconstruction, providing the historical conditions for xingken waste stove. At the end of the Qing Dynasty in the late Qing Dynasty, in the country of cultivation under the background of the Coastal Zone started assarting plan. But Kenli people tend to exaggerate the social and economic activities in the coastal zone of Kenli, from the end of the anti salt reclamation to heavy salt reclamation the other extreme, Vigorously promote waste stove xingken movement, in fact Huainan has accelerated the decline of salt, salt in the allocation of resources is no longer the activities as the center, but the coastal areas should take the salt, it is difficult to completely waste stove, the final salt reclamation in parallel, don't waste salt stove waste as this period of coastal economic society the most prominent coast. With nature, interaction of social economic and political process, and focus on the people to change the degree of contradiction on the long-term implementation of Xing ban stove cultivation, storage grass for the monopoly of coastal zone management system fried, deterioration of the regional human relations, but the political process should not be a self contradiction between people and land of sharp degree at the end of the Qing Dynasty. With the conservative atmosphere of domestic trouble and foreign invasion, but more dependent, Qing Huai salt class Fu and unable to extricate themselves, and ultimately the coastal zone regulation and Qing collapsed.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：K248

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本文編號：1698656