本文選題：事件結(jié)構(gòu)　切入點：介詞　出處：《上海師范大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：介詞是漢語作為第二語言習得的重點和難點之一。為幫助第二語言學(xué)習者快捷、高效地掌握漢語介詞的用法，避免產(chǎn)生偏誤，學(xué)者們從多種角度進行了探索和研究。漢語介詞的用法比較復(fù)雜，一個介詞常兼多種功能。對介詞用法梳理得越細，對近義介詞辨析得越深入，往往反而使學(xué)習者更加不得要領(lǐng)。因此，本文嘗試運用事件結(jié)構(gòu)理論從認知的角度來探索介詞在句子結(jié)構(gòu)中的規(guī)則性，這樣做有如下幾方面的好處：第一，事件結(jié)構(gòu)理論注重從人們現(xiàn)實生活中對真實事件的認知經(jīng)驗出發(fā)，這種經(jīng)驗具有人類共通性，可以避免抽象的語法解釋，便于理解；第二，遵循語言使用者的心理現(xiàn)實性探索句子結(jié)構(gòu)的規(guī)律，符合第二語言學(xué)習者從意義出發(fā)進行語言形式配位的心理過程，能夠使語法研究真正服務(wù)于漢語教學(xué)；第三，在事件結(jié)構(gòu)中，事件角色的認定變得相對簡單，對同一介詞標引的不同語義角色在理解上不易造成困擾。 本文主要對一組常用介詞“從、自、打、由、自打、自從、從打、打從，在、當、于，至、到”等在表達時間方面的功能進行研究。本研究首先從語料出發(fā)對其進行定量研究和定性分析，明確其使用范圍和頻率；其次對表時介詞及其短語在事件結(jié)構(gòu)中的語義功能、表時介詞賓語的性質(zhì)、表時介詞框架及其語義等進行細致的描寫；然后從介詞的時間表達和事件的時間屬性之間的關(guān)系入手，對表時介詞的用法進行辨析和解釋；最后，以時間語境表達和時間突顯表達為切入點，根據(jù)介詞短語所表達的時間語義成分在事件結(jié)構(gòu)中的不同突顯度，勾畫出時間語境表達和時間突顯表達的連續(xù)統(tǒng)一。 本文以句法、語義、語用三個平面思想為指導(dǎo)，，綜合運用事件語義理論、意象圖式理論、信息結(jié)構(gòu)理論、典型范疇理論、變換分析法等理論和方法，將漢語中常用介詞的時間表達功能單獨進行研究，避免了同一介詞多種語義功能的交叉混雜，同時使介詞的不同時間表達功能建立聯(lián)系，形成系統(tǒng)；將語用學(xué)、修辭學(xué)中常用的概念“語境”引入漢語語法研究，對介詞及其短語在事件的時間表達中的功能進行了系統(tǒng)性的合理解釋；本文所確立的表時介詞在時間語境表達和時間突顯表達上的連續(xù)統(tǒng)，以及所進行的表時介詞短語在時間語境句和事件突顯句中的變換分析可以為對外漢語教學(xué)實踐提供理論參考。
[Abstract]:Preposition is one of the key and difficult points in the acquisition of Chinese as a second language. Scholars have explored and studied from a variety of angles. The usage of Chinese prepositions is complex, and one preposition often has multiple functions. The more detailed the preposition usage is, the deeper the discrimination of semantic prepositions is. Therefore, this paper tries to use the theory of event structure to explore the regularity of prepositions in sentence structure from the perspective of cognition, which has the following advantages: first, The theory of event structure focuses on the cognitive experience of real events in real life. This kind of experience can avoid abstract grammatical interpretation and be easy to understand. Following the psychological reality of language users to explore the rules of sentence structure, in line with the second language learners from the meaning of the psychological process of language form coordination, grammar research can really serve the teaching of Chinese; third, In the event structure, the identification of event roles becomes relatively simple, and it is difficult to understand the different semantic roles of the same preposition indexing. This paper mainly deals with a group of common prepositions "from, from, from, from, from, from, from, from, from, from, from, from, from, from, from, from, from, to, from, to, from, to," The purpose of this study is to make quantitative and qualitative analysis of the expression time from the corpus, and to clarify the scope and frequency of its use, and then to analyze the semantic functions of the prepositions and their phrases in the event structure. The nature of the preposition, the frame of the preposition and its semantics are described in detail. Then, the usage of the preposition is analyzed and explained from the relationship between the temporal expression of the preposition and the temporal attribute of the event. With temporal context expression and temporal salience expression as the starting point, the continuous unity of temporal context expression and temporal salience expression is drawn according to the different salience degree of temporal semantic components expressed by prepositional phrases in the event structure. Guided by three plane thoughts of syntax, semantics and pragmatics, this paper synthetically applies the theories and methods of event semantics, image schema, information structure, typical category theory, transformation analysis, etc. The function of temporal expression of common prepositions in Chinese is studied separately, which avoids the cross-mixing of many semantic functions of the same preposition, and at the same time, makes the different temporal expression functions of prepositions establish a connection and form a system. The concept "context", which is commonly used in rhetoric, is introduced into the study of Chinese grammar to explain systematically and reasonably the functions of prepositions and their phrases in the temporal expression of events. The temporal preposition established in this paper is the continuum of temporal context expression and temporal salience expression. The analysis of temporal preposition phrases in temporal context sentences and event salient sentences can provide theoretical reference for teaching Chinese as a foreign language.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：H146


本文編號：1651942