本文關(guān)鍵詞： 陜北晉語 詞匯 內(nèi)外比較 特色高頻詞 風(fēng)物詞 古語詞 構(gòu)詞法　出處：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：陜北晉語,指的是陜北榆林和延安兩市有入聲的方言,包括榆陽區(qū)、府谷、神木、靖邊、橫山、佳縣、米脂、吳堡、綏德、子洲、清澗(以上屬于榆林市)、寶塔區(qū)、吳起、志丹、安塞、子長、延川、延長、甘泉(以上屬于延安市)。本文選取這19個區(qū)縣的城關(guān)話為調(diào)查對象,通過共時描寫、內(nèi)外比較、特色詞、底層詞的挖掘和構(gòu)詞法的梳理,揭示了陜北晉語詞匯的特點及內(nèi)外差異,進(jìn)而為陜北晉語的內(nèi)部分區(qū)提供了詞匯上的支持。全文共分為六章。第一章簡單介紹了陜北晉語所在區(qū)的地理環(huán)境、歷史沿革、方言特點及研究現(xiàn)狀、價值和方法等。地理重點介紹河流的分布,在溝壑阻隔的山區(qū),河流對方言的發(fā)展演變有著重要的作用。第二章是陜北晉語詞匯的內(nèi)外比較。通過比較我們發(fā)現(xiàn)陜北晉語是晉語的一部分,陜北晉語內(nèi)部一致性很高,但仍有一定的差異,從北到南可分為兩大區(qū)域:清澗、子長以北為北部,晉語特征明顯,最北端的神府區(qū)與內(nèi)蒙古晉語關(guān)系密切;清澗、子長以南為陜北晉語南區(qū),受中原官話的影響深刻,尤以洛河川一帶所受影響最大。從東到西,陜北晉語詞匯大致可以分為三個區(qū)域:東部近河區(qū)受山西晉語的影響較大,黃河兩岸的一致性較強;西部遠(yuǎn)河區(qū)更多地受到中原官話的影響;中部為陜北晉語腹地,受其他方言影響較小。最后在內(nèi)部“縱向貫通、橫向阻隔”和外部“橫向貫通、縱向阻隔”的情況下形成了陜北晉語的核心區(qū)。核心區(qū)以外的地方,陜北晉語詞匯在地理上呈現(xiàn)出從西到東、從南到北中原官話特征越來越弱、晉語特征越來越明顯的特征,這是本文的重點部分。接下來的第三、四、五、六章分別從不同角度來進(jìn)一步印證陜北晉語詞匯的特色及內(nèi)外差異。其中高頻詞、風(fēng)物詞是從共時平面、以個體例證的方式來展示陜北晉語的特色及內(nèi)部差異的。古語詞是從歷時的角度來揭示陜北晉語的底層成分及構(gòu)成的,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)陜北晉語內(nèi)部在共時平面上雖有差異,但其底層詞成分的一致性大于差異性。構(gòu)詞法是最能區(qū)別不同方言系屬的,通過構(gòu)詞法的內(nèi)外比較我們明確了陜北晉語是晉語的一部分,是與中原官話系屬不同的一種方言。本文的主要觀點是:一、陜北晉語是一種獨具特色的、古老的方言;二、陜北晉語詞匯的研究成果可以幫助我們更為客觀地處理方言歸屬,可用來支持語音上的分區(qū)。最后,我們以本文的研究成果為參考,將陜北晉語內(nèi)部分為以下四小片:①五臺片:府谷、神木、米脂、綏德、子洲、子長;②大包片:靖邊、榆林、橫山;③呂梁片:佳縣、吳堡、清澗、延川、神木南鄉(xiāng)(萬鎮(zhèn)、賀家川)、綏德沿河區(qū)(河底、棗林坪);④志延片:延長、吳起、志丹、安塞、延安、甘泉。
[Abstract]:The Jin dialect in Northern Shaanxi refers to the dialects spoken in Yulin and Yan'an, including Yuyang District, Fugu, Shenmu, Jingbian, Hengshan, Jiaxian, Mizhi, Wubao, Suide, Zizhou, Qingjian (above belong to Yulin City, Baota District, Wu Qi, Zhidan, Ansai, Zichang, Yanchuan, Yanchang, Ganquan (above belong to Yan'an City). This paper selects Chengguan dialect of these 19 districts and counties as the object of investigation, through synchronic description, internal and external comparison, excavation of characteristic words, bottom words and word formation. This paper reveals the characteristics and internal and external differences of Shanxi Jin language vocabulary, and then provides lexical support for the internal division of Shaanxi Northern Jin dialect. The full text is divided into six chapters. The first chapter briefly introduces the geographical environment and historical evolution of the Shanxi language region. The characteristics of dialects and their research status, values and methods. Geographical emphasis is placed on the distribution of rivers, in mountain areas blocked by gullies, The river plays an important role in the development and evolution of dialects. The second chapter is the comparison of the internal and external vocabulary of Shaanxi Northern Jin dialect. Through comparison, we find that Shaanxi Northern Jin dialect is a part of Jin dialect, and the internal consistency of Shaanxi Northern Jin dialect is very high, but there are still some differences. From north to south, it can be divided into two regions: Qingjian, to the north of Zichang, the northern part of the Jin language, the most northernmost Shenfu area has a close relationship with the Jin dialect of Inner Mongolia, and Qingjian, to the south of Zichang, is the southern part of the Shanxi language of northern Shaanxi, which is deeply influenced by the Central Plains Mandarin. From east to west, the vocabulary of Jin language in Northern Shaanxi can be divided into three regions: the eastern area near the river is greatly influenced by Shanxi Jin language, and the consistency of the two sides of the Yellow River is strong; The west far river area is more influenced by the central plain Mandarin, the central part is the hinterland of Shanxi language, and the influence of other dialects is relatively small. Finally, in the internal "vertical link, horizontal barrier" and external "horizontal link", In the case of vertical blocking, the core area of Shaanxi Jin language is formed. Outside the core area, the vocabulary of Shanxi Jin language appears to be more and more obvious from west to east, from south to north, from the south to the north, and the features of Jin dialect are becoming more and more obvious. This is the key part of this paper. The following chapters three, four, five, and six further confirm the characteristics and internal and external differences of Shanxi dialect vocabulary from different angles respectively. Among them, high-frequency words and stylistic words are from the synchronic plane. The characteristics and internal differences of Jin dialect in Northern Shaanxi are demonstrated by individual examples. The ancient words reveal the underlying components and composition of Shanxi dialect from a diachronic point of view, and we find that there are differences in the synchronic plane within Shaanxi Northern Jin dialect. But the consistency of the underlying words is greater than the difference. Word-formation is the most able to distinguish different dialects belong to, through the comparison of word-formation inside and outside, we know that Shanxi Jin language is a part of Jin dialect. It is a dialect different from the Central Plains Mandarin. The main points of this paper are as follows: first, the Shanbei Jin dialect is a unique and ancient dialect; second, the research results of the Shanxi dialect vocabulary can help us deal with the attribution of dialects more objectively. Finally, based on the research results of this paper, we divide the Jin language in Northern Shaanxi into the following four small pieces: Fugu, Shenmu, Mizhi, Suide, Zizhou, and Zichang. 2 large packages: Jingbian, Yulin, Hengshan 3 Lv Liang film: Jiaxian, Wubao, Qingjian, Yanchuan, Shenmu Nan Xiang (Wanzhen, he Jiachuan, Suide River area, Zaolinping 4 Zhiyan: Yanchang, Wu Qi, Zhidan, Ansai, Yan'an, Gan Quan.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：H172.2
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本文編號：1541330