本文關(guān)鍵詞： 春秋文章 《左傳》 《國語》 口宣之言 辭令 諫體文 家族作家群體 地域文化 雅正審美　出處：《上海大學》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：文學史著作中,東周散文一般被劃分為以《左傳》、《國語》、《戰(zhàn)國策》等為代表的史傳散文和以《論語》、《老子》、《孟子》等諸子百家著述為代表的諸子散文。這導致認識上兩個方面的模糊,其一是具體時代的難以明確,其二是混同了以部為單位的著作和以篇章為單位的散文。實際上自唐代劉知幾提出《左傳》作者摘錄春秋成文的觀點后,春秋時代的散文篇章就逐漸從經(jīng)史著作中浮出。然而一方面是春秋文章不斷得到文章家的輯錄,另一方面各種評點、專題研究仍以專書為視點,春秋文章面貌仍難確知。因此,試圖將二者有機結(jié)合起來對春秋文進行宏觀理論研究,構(gòu)成本研究的主要內(nèi)容。從外在形態(tài)層面來說,春秋文處于中國古代文章從口宣之言走向書面成文的過渡階段,兩種形態(tài)并存而以口宣為主,口宣之言已經(jīng)具備書面文章的基本要素并表現(xiàn)出一定的文體特征。最能體現(xiàn)春秋時代文章特征的主要文體是勸諫體和辭令體,勸諫體文章后來成為中國古代奏議類的重要文體,而辭令則因為政治的變遷而不再輝煌。口宣之文促進了書面成文的生成,可以確知的春秋成文主要為各國往來的文書,其直接來源當為辭令;而作為口宣形態(tài)的勸諫之言和后世的諫體文已經(jīng)極為接近。從內(nèi)部層面來講,春秋文的作家群體構(gòu)成以各國卿大夫為主體,并形成頗具時代特色的卿大夫家族作家群體;春秋文所表達的思想內(nèi)容反映的是這個階層的價值觀念,即所謂的貴族精神,這種精神對于個體重在立足于“敬”的修身思想,對于社會則是圍繞德政的種種理念,這種精神對于整個士大夫群體具有一致性,但也有基于不同諸侯國的地域差異性而形成的文化碰撞與發(fā)展;春秋文章的思想內(nèi)容影響其審美風格趨于雅正,這種審美風格成為中國古代文章的一個主要審美取向。
[Abstract]:In the works of literary history, The prose of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty is generally divided into historical prose represented by Zuo Zhuan, Guoyu, Zhanguo Policy and others, and those represented by hundred works written by the Analects of Confucius, Laozi and Mencius. One is that it is difficult to define the specific times, the other is the mixing of works based on ministry and prose based on text. In fact, since Liu Zhiji of Tang Dynasty put forward the viewpoint that the author of "Zuo Zhuan" excerpted the writings of the Spring and Autumn period, The prose chapters of the Spring and Autumn period have gradually emerged from the classics and historical works. However, on the one hand, the articles of the Spring and Autumn period are constantly compiled by the writers, on the other hand, the special studies still take the special books as the viewpoint, and the features of the articles are still difficult to know with certainty. This paper attempts to combine the two theories organically to carry on the macroscopic theoretical research on the Spring and Autumn text, which constitutes the main content of this study. From the external morphological level, the Spring and Autumn text is in the transitional stage of the ancient Chinese articles from the word of oral proclamation to the written writing. The two forms coexist and the main form is oral propaganda. The words of oral propaganda have already possessed the basic elements of written articles and have shown certain stylistic features. The main styles that can best reflect the characteristics of the articles in the Spring and Autumn period are the persuasive style and the lexical style. The article of persuading and remonstrating became an important style in ancient China, but the rhetoric was no longer brilliant because of the change of politics. The oral prose promoted the formation of written writing, and the writing written in the Spring and Autumn period was known to be mainly for the exchange of documents between various countries. Its direct source should be rhetoric, and the words of persuasion as a form of oral propaganda are very close to those of later generations. On the internal level, the writers of the Spring and Autumn inscriptions are mainly composed of officials from all over the world. The ideological content expressed in the Spring and Autumn period reflects the value of this stratum, that is, the so-called aristocratic spirit, which is based on the self-cultivation thought of "respect" for an individual. For society, there are various ideas about morality and government. This spirit is consistent for the whole group of literati and officials, but there is also the cultural collision and development based on the regional differences of different countries. The ideological content of the Spring and Autumn essay influences its aesthetic style, which has become a main aesthetic orientation of ancient Chinese articles.
【學位授予單位】：上海大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：I206.2
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本文編號：1516898