本文關鍵詞： 中美文化 網(wǎng)絡游戲 暴力美學　出處：《上海大學》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：本課題的研究緣于網(wǎng)絡游戲發(fā)展所面臨的一種極為矛盾的狀況,一方面作為現(xiàn)代文化產(chǎn)業(yè)的重要組成部分,網(wǎng)絡游戲在我國得到了迅速發(fā)展,并取得了非常可觀的經(jīng)濟效益;另一方面卻又受到社會各界特別是教育工作者和學生家長的責難。當前對于我國青少年中出現(xiàn)的某些暴力行為與現(xiàn)象,人們往往將其產(chǎn)生的原因歸咎于網(wǎng)絡游戲,尤其是歸咎于網(wǎng)絡游戲中的暴力內(nèi)容。傳統(tǒng)藝術中的暴力審美現(xiàn)象在網(wǎng)絡游戲中是否也存在?尤其是影視藝術中獨特的“暴力美學”范式在網(wǎng)絡游戲中是否也具有出場條件?如果能找到相關聯(lián)系,我們是否能用暴力美學的表現(xiàn)方法來消解或減弱網(wǎng)絡游戲中暴力內(nèi)容的負面影響?這些問題是本課題研究的出發(fā)點。本課題選取了兩類典型的網(wǎng)絡游戲作為具體的研究對象。一類是具有中國傳統(tǒng)文化特征的“武俠”題材網(wǎng)絡游戲,一類是具有全球化商業(yè)特征的美國網(wǎng)絡游戲。這兩類游戲中的暴力內(nèi)容及其表現(xiàn)方式具有很大的代表性。根據(jù)上述問題,本課題設置了兩條主要的研究線索。一條線索是有關暴力美學和暴力文化的研究。首先,對影視作品中有關暴力美學的研究現(xiàn)狀進行了梳理,分析歸納了暴力美學產(chǎn)生的哲學美學基礎、社會文化原因及其審美價值。然后,對中美兩國的暴力文化淵源進行了比較研究。研究了中美兩國不同的文化傳統(tǒng)和不同的暴力審美觀,并從“文化傳統(tǒng)”、“暴力審美觀念”、“審美傾向”、“暴力描寫的藝術風格”、“審美趣味”及“對形式美的追求”六個方面進行了比較。以此作為本研究的文化理論基礎。另一條線索是網(wǎng)絡游戲的審美特征及其暴力現(xiàn)象研究。首先,梳理了前人對游戲與藝術之關系的研究,揭示了在審美活動中游戲與藝術的密切關系,以及它們之間具有的相同的和不同的審美特點。其次,分析了現(xiàn)代網(wǎng)絡游戲與傳統(tǒng)游戲之間存在的較大差異,并重點研究了網(wǎng)絡游戲的基本審美特征、審美行為和審美體驗,以此區(qū)別于傳統(tǒng)藝術作品的審美現(xiàn)象。然后,梳理研究了網(wǎng)絡游戲中的暴力現(xiàn)象及其分類,并對中美兩國網(wǎng)絡游戲中存在的暴力消解策略進行了歸納分析和比較研究,以此作為網(wǎng)絡游戲暴力消解和研究暴力審美的現(xiàn)實基礎。根據(jù)上述研究成果,本項研究經(jīng)過分析歸納和提煉,創(chuàng)新性地提出了中美網(wǎng)絡游戲有關暴力美學的基本特征,并立足于兩國審美文化的差異,從五個方面對其暴力美學特征進行了比較研究。具體表述為中國網(wǎng)絡游戲中暴力的“自由性”特征與美國網(wǎng)絡游戲中暴力的“競技性”特征之比較;中國網(wǎng)絡游戲中暴力的“團隊精神”特征與美國網(wǎng)絡游戲中暴力的“個人英雄主義”特征之比較;中國網(wǎng)絡游戲中暴力的“形式化”特征與美國網(wǎng)絡游戲中暴力的“寫實化”特征之比較;中國網(wǎng)絡游戲中暴力的“浪漫化”特征與美國網(wǎng)絡游戲中暴力的“戲謔化”特征之比較;中國網(wǎng)絡游戲中暴力的“重道義”特征與美國網(wǎng)絡游戲中暴力的“去道德化”特征之比較。本文的基本觀點是,網(wǎng)絡游戲是新興的藝術形式,其中的暴力內(nèi)容與影視、文學等藝術形式中的暴力內(nèi)容同屬于藝術創(chuàng)造,具有一定的審美特征。但同時也應該客觀地認識到,不能忽視網(wǎng)絡游戲中暴力內(nèi)容的泛濫與不加規(guī)范所產(chǎn)生的社會不良影響。應該借鑒暴力美學的觀念和表現(xiàn)方式消解網(wǎng)絡游戲中的暴力行為,同時要重視其政治、道德的指向問題。通過比較研究,本人認識到并非所有的暴力美學表現(xiàn)方式都適合中國網(wǎng)絡游戲的發(fā)展。中國網(wǎng)絡游戲在表現(xiàn)暴力時,以“正當性”、“重道義”、“團隊精神”、“形式化”以及“浪漫化”藝術處理的表現(xiàn)方式是應該堅持與發(fā)揚的。對于體現(xiàn)“自由性”暴力美學特征的表現(xiàn)方式,若僅體現(xiàn)在暴力行為的操縱和展示,則應持審慎態(tài)度或給予某種限制。在美國網(wǎng)絡游戲中,暴力的“競技性”審美特征是我們應該學習和借鑒的,對暴力的“寫實化”表現(xiàn)是我們應該反對并舍棄的。我們不提倡在游戲中推崇“個人英雄主義”與“去道德化”的暴力表現(xiàn),但對“戲謔化”的處理方法不妨進行一些探索。因暴力美學的表現(xiàn)方法并不能完全消除暴力內(nèi)容的負面影響,本研究提出在充分利用暴力的審美價值的基礎上,發(fā)揚和繼承中國傳統(tǒng)藝術中表現(xiàn)暴力的優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)與審美經(jīng)驗,依據(jù)我國現(xiàn)行的文化政策,建立預防網(wǎng)絡游戲中暴力負面影響的工作體系。本研究分析了我國有關網(wǎng)絡游戲管理的相關政策以及美國等其他國家所實施的網(wǎng)絡游戲分級管理制度,提出了建立適合中國文化特點的網(wǎng)絡游戲分級管理制度的意見。本論文的創(chuàng)新之處,主要體現(xiàn)于網(wǎng)絡游戲審美的學理分析,網(wǎng)絡游戲中暴力的消解策略,網(wǎng)絡游戲的暴力美學特征及其比較研究。
[Abstract]:An extremely contradictory situation faced in this study due to the development of network game, on the one hand, as an important part of modern culture industry, the network game has been developing rapidly in China, and achieved considerable economic benefits; on the other hand by the community especially educators and students for some parents blame. The violence and the phenomenon of adolescents in our country, people tend to be the reasons attributed to the network game, especially due to the violent content in network game. Whether the violence aesthetic phenomenon in traditional art also exist in the online game? Especially in the film and television special "Violence Aesthetics" paradigm in network game is played? If you can find the relevant links, whether we can swim to digestion or weakened by method of network violence The negative impact of violence in the play? These questions are the starting point of the research. This paper selects two typical network game as the specific research object. One is an China traditional cultural characteristics of the "martial arts" theme online games, is a business with globalization features of American online game violence. The content and performance of these two types of games has great representative. According to the above problems, this paper set up two main clues. One clue is the research on the aesthetics of violence and violent culture. Firstly, the research status about violence aesthetics of audiovisual products are reviewed, analyzed and summarized philosophy and aesthetics foundation of aesthetics of violence from the social and cultural reasons and its aesthetic value. Then, the Sino US cultural origin of the violence. The comparative research on the cultural differences between China and us The traditional and different forms of violence aesthetics, and from the "traditional culture", "Violence Aesthetics" and "aesthetic tendency", "violence art style", "aesthetic" and "the beauty of form" six aspects. As the culture of the theoretical basis of this study. Another clue is the aesthetic characteristics of the phenomenon of violence and online games. First, study on the relationship between the game and reviews the previous art, reveals the close relationship between play and art in aesthetic activities, and between them with the same and different aesthetic characteristics. Secondly, analyzes the difference between the modern network game with the traditional game, and focuses on the basic aesthetic characteristics of online games, aesthetic behavior and aesthetic experience, aesthetic phenomenon which is different from the traditional art. Then, combing the research of network game The violence and its classification, and the violent resolution strategy between China and us in network game analysis and comparative study, as the network game violence digestion and violence research reality aesthetic foundation. According to the above research results, this study through analysis and summarize, innovatively put forward the basic characteristics of Chinese network game the aesthetics of violence, and based on the differences of aesthetic culture, from the five aspects of a comparative study on the characteristics of violence aesthetics embodied in the network game. Chinese violence in the "free" feature and the United States online game violence in the "competitive" feature comparison; China network game violence "team spirit" features with the United States in the online game violence "personal heroism" feature comparison; network game China violence "formal" characteristics and The United States online game violence in the "realistic" characteristics of the comparison; Chinese network game violence in the "romantic" characteristics and the network game violence "banter" characteristic of Chinese comparison; network game violence in the "moral" characteristics and the United States online game violence "to moral character" comparison of the basic point of view is that network game is a new form of art, and the television violence, violence literature and other art forms belong to art creation, aesthetic characteristics. But at the same time should also objectively recognize the adverse effects produced by flooding violence can not ignore the network game in the standard and without society. Should use violence aesthetics ideas and expressions of digestion in network game violence, and attach importance to the political, moral point. Through comparison More research, I realized that not all the manifestations of violence aesthetics are suitable for the development of Chinese network game. Chinese network game in violence, with "legitimacy", "moral", "team spirit", "form" and "romantic" artistic expression is should adhere to and carry forward for the embodiment of "freedom" violence aesthetics characteristic, if only reflect the display of violence in the control and should be cautious or given certain restrictions. In the United States in the network game, violent "competitive" aesthetic characteristic is that we should learn from the "realistic violence," are we should oppose and abandon. We do not advocate in the game praised the "personal heroism" and "moral violence", but the approach of "jocosity" do some exploration The negative effects due to the performance of violence aesthetics can not completely eliminate violence, this study based on the aesthetic value of full use of violence, inherit and develop the excellent traditional China violence in traditional art and aesthetic experience, based on China's cultural policy, the establishment of prevention of violence in the negative impact of network game the work of system. Based on the analysis of the relevant policies of the network game management in China and the United States and other countries of the network game grading management system, proposed the establishment of network game classification management system suitable for the characteristics of China cultural views. The innovation of this paper, mainly reflected in the network game aesthetic theory analysis in the network game, violent resolution strategies, violence aesthetic characteristics of network game and its comparative study.

【學位授予單位】：上海大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：J01
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本文編號：1511721