本文關(guān)鍵詞： 學(xué)者小說 知識分子 身份 欲望 自由 責(zé)任　出處：《武漢大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：二十世紀(jì)戰(zhàn)后英美文壇上涌現(xiàn)出一批教授作家,他們創(chuàng)作的學(xué)者小說成為戰(zhàn)后文壇一道引人注目的風(fēng)景線。在戰(zhàn)后新的歷史條件下,文學(xué)更多關(guān)注個體生活的文化語境中,學(xué)者小說以教授或作家等知識分子個體為敘事主人公,以知識分子生活環(huán)境為背景,圍繞知識分子生活展開敘事。學(xué)者作家通過書寫知識分子生活,從個體及社會層面反思自身所屬群體,批判社會人文精神衰落。而這種反思批判,進(jìn)一步地彰顯了知識分子不同于其他群體的特質(zhì),作家藉此強(qiáng)調(diào)了人文學(xué)科的價值及人文知識分子在社會發(fā)展中不可替代的作用。學(xué)者小說中,面對自我普通人與學(xué)者的雙重身份、欲望與理智、個人自由與社會責(zé)任等多重沖突,個體既表現(xiàn)出了超越普通人的理性、批判、包容等知識分子本色,又暴露出一些與學(xué)者理性品質(zhì)相悖的人性弱點(diǎn)。在個人自由與社會責(zé)任發(fā)生矛盾時,通過個人道德和行為選擇,知識分子介入到個體生活與社會生活中,再次擔(dān)起大眾引路人的學(xué)者責(zé)任。本文以20世紀(jì)戰(zhàn)后英美學(xué)者小說的代表性作家作品為對象,從自我與自身、與他人、與社會關(guān)系出發(fā),研究學(xué)者小說中所體現(xiàn)的知識分子身份、欲望、自由與責(zé)任等問題,以探討當(dāng)代人文知識分子生存境遇,并通過分析學(xué)者小說獨(dú)特的敘事特色及其未來走向,揭示新的歷史時期人文學(xué)科價值,以及人文知識分子在當(dāng)下存在的意義。全文共有六章。緒論部分主要論述本文研究目的與意義、研究方法、國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀、創(chuàng)新點(diǎn),并簡要介紹各章主要內(nèi)容。第一章主要論述后現(xiàn)代語境中的學(xué)者小說。對英美學(xué)者小說發(fā)展歷程做歷時性梳理,分析學(xué)者小說戰(zhàn)后繁榮的外部原因以及學(xué)者自身內(nèi)因。第二章從知識分子與自我及他者關(guān)系角度出發(fā),主要圍繞學(xué)者小說中的身份問題展開論述。不同學(xué)者作家作品中知識分子表現(xiàn)出不同身份,如少數(shù)族裔作家作品中的種族身份,變化的國家身份；不同性別作家表現(xiàn)出的性別身份等。通過解讀作品中由身份引起的身份認(rèn)同、性別歧視等種種問題,分析在自身多重身份困擾下,學(xué)者小說作家通過作品中的知識分子表現(xiàn)其超越普通人狹隘種族、國家、性別的人文主義精神氣質(zhì)。第三章分別從學(xué)術(shù)生活與日常生活兩個角度深入分析作品人物作為學(xué)者及普通人的雙面生活。一方面,研究學(xué)者小說的欲望書寫,分析理性學(xué)者在面對金錢、權(quán)力、情欲等種種誘惑之時,理性成為學(xué)者攫取金錢、獲得權(quán)力、滿足情欲的助推器,從而凸顯出學(xué)者個人欲望與理性的反諷性。另一方面,作品中,學(xué)者們試圖借助于身體激情延緩衰老、消解對死亡的恐懼,以此向死亡抗?fàn)�。然�?衰老的無法抗拒、死亡的不期而至,都進(jìn)一步地將個體推向悲哀。通過反諷書寫知識分子面對個體生老病死時表現(xiàn)出的無力,學(xué)者作家從更廣泛層面表達(dá)出對個體存在的思考。第四章主要通過分析學(xué)者小說中知識分子追求個人自由與承擔(dān)責(zé)任之間的矛盾沖突,展現(xiàn)了知識分子對個體生活及社會生活的介入。介入個體生活主要通過展現(xiàn)個體自由的不自由生存狀態(tài),表達(dá)作家對自由的認(rèn)識：擺脫精神枷鎖的途徑在于個體對道德生活的不懈追求、在于勇敢承擔(dān)自己對社會及他人的責(zé)任、在于對他人的寬容與接納。學(xué)者作家以文學(xué)的方式介入社會生活：通過書寫個體戰(zhàn)后的創(chuàng)傷記憶揭示戰(zhàn)爭罪惡,表達(dá)學(xué)者反戰(zhàn)思想及人文關(guān)懷；借書寫學(xué)術(shù)圈現(xiàn)狀曲折表達(dá)學(xué)者反對極權(quán)的思想；從樹立民族自信心角度思考消除種族歧視的途徑。第五章主要結(jié)合學(xué)者小說文本分析其最主要特色。其學(xué)者特色表現(xiàn)為學(xué)者們以作品本身詮釋文學(xué)理論、用文學(xué)傳播科學(xué)知識的學(xué)術(shù)性、學(xué)者的知識分子批判性及開放性；而敘事特色則主要體現(xiàn)為學(xué)者小說對經(jīng)典文學(xué)作品的互文,作家有意識寫作及運(yùn)用不確定性等元小說特色,以身體反諷表現(xiàn)學(xué)者生活等。同時將其與同期其他作品相比較,從而挖掘出學(xué)者小說的獨(dú)特性。結(jié)語部分從社會發(fā)展、文學(xué)自身發(fā)展角度進(jìn)一步闡明學(xué)者小說在介入生活、繼承傳播文學(xué)經(jīng)典與傳統(tǒng)、文學(xué)創(chuàng)新等方面的價值,從文學(xué)功用、學(xué)者小說發(fā)展角度,肯定了人文學(xué)科以及人文知識分子對社會的意義與價值。
[Abstract]:In twentieth Century the Anglo American literary scene emerged a group of Professor writers, they created the novel as the postwar literary scholars a spectacular landscape. Under the new historical conditions in the postwar literature, pay more attention to the individual life in the cultural context, scholars novel by professor or writers and other intellectuals individual narrative protagonist, the intellectuals living environment the background, narration around the life of the intellectuals. Scholars writer by writing the intellectual life, from the individual and social levels reflect their respective groups, criticizing the social humanistic spirit decline. And this critical reflection, further highlighting the intellectuals is different from other groups of writers to emphasize the characteristics, value and humanistic intellectuals is irreplaceable in humanities the role of social development. Scholars in the novel, in the face of double identity of ordinary people and scholars, desire and reason Wisdom, personal freedom and social responsibility, multiple conflicts, individual both demonstrated beyond ordinary people's rational criticism, including intellectual qualities, but also exposed the weakness of human nature and some scholars. Contrary to rational quality in the contradiction between individual freedom and social responsibility, through personal morality and behavior choice of intellectuals involved in the individual life with the social life, once again take the lead the public responsibility. In twentieth Century the scholars of Anglo American scholars novel representative writers and works as the research object, from the self, and others, and social relations, which studies the intellectuals identity, desire, freedom and responsibility and other issues, to explore the survival situation of contemporary intellectuals, and through the analysis of the scholar novel unique narrative features and its future trend, revealing the historical period of the humanities value, and humanistic knowledge There are at present molecular significance. This paper consists of six chapters. The introduction mainly discusses the purpose and significance of research, research methods, research status at home and abroad, the innovation, and briefly introduces the main contents of each chapter. Academic novels in the modern context. The first chapter mainly discusses the development course of the Anglo American novels do diachronic sort analysis of external reasons, scholars and scholars in their novels postwar prosperity. The second chapter from the perspective of internal self and other intellectuals and the relationship, mainly around the issues of identity in the novel scholars discussed. Different scholars writer works of intellectuals showed different identities, such as minority writers in the works of racial identity, the change of national identity; different gender writers show gender identity. Through the interpretation of works caused by identity identity, gender discrimination and other problems in their analysis, Identity problems, scholars Writers through the works of the intellectuals beyond the ordinary people narrow race, gender, humanism spirit. The third chapter respectively from the academic life and daily life two aspects of in-depth analysis of the work character as the double life of scholars and ordinary people. On the one hand, researchers desire writing novels rational analysis, scholars in the face of power, money, love the temptations, rational become scholars to get money, to gain power, satisfy the lust booster, which highlighted the irony of scholars of desire and reason. On the other hand, works, scholars have tried to help the body passion aging, digestion of death fear to death struggle. However, aging can not resist, unexpected death, further to individual to sorrow. Through irony writing intellectuals in the face of a The body dies showed cradle weakness, writers and scholars from the broader level expressed on the individual existence. The fourth chapter mainly through the analysis of scholars in the novel intellectual pursuit of individual freedom and responsibility bear conflicts between the display of the intellectuals of the individual life and social life intervention. The intervention of individual life mainly through the display of individual freedom no free survival condition, understanding of the freedom of expression of the writer: the way to get rid of the shackles of the individual spirit of unremitting pursuit of the moral life, it is brave to assume their responsibility to society and others, is to accept others and tolerance. Writers and scholars involved in social life in the way of literature by writing individual post-war traumatic memories reveal war the evil, anti war thought and expression of scholars of humanistic care; library to write academic circle of scholars oppose the idea of totalitarian tortuous expression From the perspective of national self-confidence; set up ways to eliminate racial discrimination. The fifth chapter mainly combines text analysis of the main characteristics of the novel scholars. The scholars features scholars interpret the literary theory of the work itself, with the academic literature dissemination of scientific knowledge, the knowledge of molecular and critical scholars open; and the narrative characteristic is reflected as the scholar novel on classical literary writers writing consciousness of intertextuality, and the use of uncertainty of metafiction features, physical performance and so on. At the same time the irony scholars life compared with the same period in other works, in order to find the unique academic novels. The conclusion from the perspective of social development, the development of literature itself and further clarify the scholars in the novel involved in life, inheriting and disseminating classical literature and traditional literature, innovation and other aspects of the value from the function of literature, the scholar novel development point of view, certainly The significance and value of the humanities and the humanistic intellectuals to the society.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：I106.4
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本文編號：1451578