本文關(guān)鍵詞：英語(yǔ)獨(dú)立型形式標(biāo)記的隱性純理功能研究　出處：《西南大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：獨(dú)立型形式標(biāo)記,指的是基于系統(tǒng)功能語(yǔ)言學(xué)(SFL)框架厘定的歸屬“詞”這一級(jí)階,且能獨(dú)立進(jìn)行功能切分的語(yǔ)言成分,在英語(yǔ)中主要體現(xiàn)為代用it和存在there這兩個(gè)成分。一直以來(lái),獨(dú)立型形式標(biāo)記受傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)法所謂語(yǔ)法填充作用這一觀點(diǎn)掣肘,常被視為語(yǔ)言研究中的“二等語(yǔ)言公民”,其研究?jī)r(jià)值被大大低估的同時(shí),學(xué)界對(duì)其本質(zhì)的認(rèn)識(shí)也漸行漸遠(yuǎn)。然而,獨(dú)立型形式標(biāo)記卻是語(yǔ)言學(xué)研究無(wú)法繞開(kāi)的話題,對(duì)其在語(yǔ)言系統(tǒng)中的句法合理性問(wèn)題的解釋,語(yǔ)言學(xué)理論無(wú)不關(guān)涉,從某種程度上講獨(dú)立型形式標(biāo)記儼然成為檢驗(yàn)各大語(yǔ)言學(xué)理論解釋力的試金石之一。目前,獨(dú)立型形式標(biāo)記在語(yǔ)言系統(tǒng)體現(xiàn)的句法合理性考察主要表現(xiàn)為句法視角、認(rèn)知視角及功能視角三方面,但均有值得商榷之處：句法視角要么專門為獨(dú)立型形式標(biāo)記設(shè)置擴(kuò)充投射原則,要么將之與其他語(yǔ)言成分等同處理但又假設(shè)諸如“半論元”或“格分裂”等特殊句法處理方案,其解決方案并未觀照獨(dú)立型形式標(biāo)記屬于語(yǔ)言歷時(shí)演化結(jié)果這一事實(shí)；認(rèn)知視角將獨(dú)立型形式標(biāo)記視為“情景設(shè)置”或“心理空間”,但在認(rèn)知語(yǔ)法框架下語(yǔ)言是認(rèn)知作用下現(xiàn)實(shí)映射之結(jié)果,由于獨(dú)立型形式標(biāo)記缺乏現(xiàn)實(shí)映射,因而無(wú)法通過(guò)解釋其在語(yǔ)言系統(tǒng)體現(xiàn)的原因以闡明其句法合理性；功能視角雖對(duì)獨(dú)立型形式標(biāo)記在語(yǔ)言系統(tǒng)得以選擇的動(dòng)因分別基于人際功能與語(yǔ)篇功能給予解釋,但仍存在純理功能解釋失洽、功能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)判定不一以及功能構(gòu)型關(guān)系模糊等問(wèn)題。SFL以使用中的語(yǔ)言為研究對(duì)象,主張語(yǔ)言是其所是取決于人們參與社會(huì)活動(dòng)時(shí)用于表達(dá)不同的語(yǔ)義以及實(shí)現(xiàn)不同的功能之需要的純理功能思想,同時(shí)秉承語(yǔ)言作為現(xiàn)實(shí)構(gòu)建材料的構(gòu)建主義語(yǔ)言哲學(xué)觀,因而可觀照獨(dú)立型形式標(biāo)記的語(yǔ)義演化特性且將其視為現(xiàn)實(shí)構(gòu)建的動(dòng)力庫(kù)而不用考慮其現(xiàn)實(shí)映射基礎(chǔ),從而對(duì)明晰獨(dú)立型形式標(biāo)記在語(yǔ)言系統(tǒng)得以體現(xiàn)的句法合理性提供了有力的理論依據(jù)。與此同時(shí),受SFL領(lǐng)軍人物韓禮德先生力薦的沃爾夫隱性范疇思想強(qiáng)調(diào)范疇關(guān)系對(duì)語(yǔ)言研究的重要性,使得獨(dú)立型形式標(biāo)記在語(yǔ)言系統(tǒng)得以體現(xiàn)的功能動(dòng)因探討,可在觀照與其相對(duì)應(yīng)的非形式標(biāo)記的范疇關(guān)系的情況下展開(kāi),從而有助于揭示制約獨(dú)立型形式標(biāo)記在語(yǔ)言系統(tǒng)得以體現(xiàn)之純理功能的獨(dú)特性。鑒于此,作者以SFL的純理功能思想和沃爾夫的隱性范疇思想作為探討?yīng)毩⑿托问綐?biāo)記何以在語(yǔ)言系統(tǒng)得以體現(xiàn)這一問(wèn)題的切入點(diǎn),并重點(diǎn)探討三個(gè)問(wèn)題：獨(dú)立型形式標(biāo)記具有哪些純理功能?獨(dú)立型形式標(biāo)記的隱性純理功能的具體體現(xiàn)?獨(dú)立型形式標(biāo)記的隱性純理功能體現(xiàn)背后的動(dòng)因如何解釋?為合理解答上述研究問(wèn)題,作者在指出現(xiàn)有研究在探討?yīng)毩⑿托问綐?biāo)記純理功能解釋不足的基礎(chǔ)上,嘗試性提出獨(dú)立型形式標(biāo)記的隱性純理功能研究的實(shí)現(xiàn)路徑,并依此厘定其功能類別和功能角色。同時(shí),借助德語(yǔ)、荷蘭語(yǔ)、冰島語(yǔ)、丹麥語(yǔ)以及法語(yǔ)等跨語(yǔ)言類型學(xué)比較證據(jù)和基于兒童語(yǔ)言語(yǔ)料庫(kù)CHILDES的語(yǔ)義個(gè)體發(fā)生學(xué)證據(jù),為探討?yīng)毩⑿托问綐?biāo)記的功能角色提供語(yǔ)義理?yè)?jù)的佐證。另外,基于美國(guó)歷時(shí)語(yǔ)料庫(kù)COHA和美國(guó)當(dāng)代語(yǔ)料庫(kù)COCA等語(yǔ)料庫(kù)語(yǔ)料,從語(yǔ)言系統(tǒng)內(nèi)、外兩個(gè)維度對(duì)獨(dú)立型形式標(biāo)記的隱性純理功能背后的動(dòng)因作進(jìn)一步探討。本研究的主要發(fā)現(xiàn)如下：第一、獨(dú)立型形式標(biāo)記同時(shí)具有三大純理功能,且在詞匯語(yǔ)法層與語(yǔ)篇語(yǔ)義層均有體現(xiàn)�，F(xiàn)有研究遵循基于語(yǔ)義內(nèi)容推定小句成分功能角色的功能解釋之語(yǔ)義路徑,往往在缺乏觀照經(jīng)驗(yàn)意義和語(yǔ)義內(nèi)容之間的潛勢(shì)和潛勢(shì)實(shí)現(xiàn)關(guān)系的情況下,將語(yǔ)義內(nèi)容等同于功能角色進(jìn)而將經(jīng)驗(yàn)功能賦予有語(yǔ)義內(nèi)容的小句成分。受傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)法研究影響,語(yǔ)義路徑主張獨(dú)立型形式標(biāo)記缺乏語(yǔ)義內(nèi)容進(jìn)而缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)功能的做法,自然無(wú)法揭示獨(dú)立型形式標(biāo)記的經(jīng)驗(yàn)構(gòu)建作用。與語(yǔ)義路徑不同,功能路徑主要基于結(jié)構(gòu)重合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與級(jí)階成分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)判定小句成分的純理功能類別,主張能獨(dú)立切分且無(wú)法作缺省處理的獨(dú)立型形式標(biāo)記必然兼具三大純理功能。由于詞匯語(yǔ)法層體現(xiàn)語(yǔ)篇語(yǔ)義層,獨(dú)立型形式標(biāo)記的三大純理功能在語(yǔ)篇語(yǔ)義層也應(yīng)體現(xiàn)。同時(shí),獨(dú)立型形式標(biāo)記的經(jīng)驗(yàn)功能具有語(yǔ)言類型學(xué)比較證據(jù)和基于兒童語(yǔ)料庫(kù)的語(yǔ)義個(gè)體發(fā)生學(xué)證據(jù)。第二、相對(duì)于非形式標(biāo)記,獨(dú)立型形式標(biāo)記具有基于純理功能厘定的隱性范疇所特有的反逆特征,其功能分析可納入隱性純理功能分析框架并分析為隱性純理功能。就獨(dú)立型形式標(biāo)記的反逆特征而言,其在詞匯語(yǔ)法層的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、人際與語(yǔ)篇功能方面分別體現(xiàn)為“經(jīng)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容提問(wèn)”、“韻律/主位識(shí)別”、“主位謂化”；在語(yǔ)篇語(yǔ)義層的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、人際與語(yǔ)篇功能方面分別體現(xiàn)為“潛在施事”、“插入話輪”以及“識(shí)別關(guān)系”�；陔[性純理功能分析框架,獨(dú)立型形式標(biāo)記it在詞匯語(yǔ)法層的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、人際與語(yǔ)篇功能可分別分析為“隱性動(dòng)作者/隱性載體”、“隱性主語(yǔ)”、“隱性主位”；在語(yǔ)篇語(yǔ)義層的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、人際與語(yǔ)篇功能可分別分析為“隱性制約過(guò)程功能”、“隱性協(xié)商功能”以及“隱性識(shí)別功能”。獨(dú)立型形式標(biāo)記there在詞匯語(yǔ)法層的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、人際與語(yǔ)篇功能可分別分析為“隱性載體”、“隱性主語(yǔ)”、“隱性主位”；在語(yǔ)篇語(yǔ)義層的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、人際與語(yǔ)篇功能可分別分析為“隱性制約過(guò)程功能”、“隱性協(xié)商功能”以及“隱性識(shí)別功能”。第三、獨(dú)立型形式標(biāo)記隱性純理功能的動(dòng)因主要在于其具有的語(yǔ)言系統(tǒng)內(nèi)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)構(gòu)建預(yù)制潛勢(shì)和語(yǔ)言系統(tǒng)外的等級(jí)知識(shí)構(gòu)建潛勢(shì)兩個(gè)方面。就內(nèi)部動(dòng)因而言,獨(dú)立型形式標(biāo)記在歷時(shí)分布頻數(shù)上所呈現(xiàn)出的逐年增長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì),表明獨(dú)立型形式標(biāo)記因其具有相對(duì)于其他構(gòu)建方式所沒(méi)有的經(jīng)驗(yàn)構(gòu)建預(yù)制潛勢(shì),從而在經(jīng)驗(yàn)構(gòu)建過(guò)程中具有優(yōu)先選擇并用于經(jīng)驗(yàn)構(gòu)建的潛勢(shì)。正是這種經(jīng)驗(yàn)構(gòu)建預(yù)制潛勢(shì),使得體現(xiàn)多元表征經(jīng)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象的多種成分配置方式逐漸向獨(dú)立型形式標(biāo)記句式進(jìn)行規(guī)約,進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致原本指稱對(duì)象不明顯的獨(dú)立型形式標(biāo)記進(jìn)一步脫離其指稱對(duì)象,并表現(xiàn)出隱性范疇特有的反逆特征且最終導(dǎo)致其隱性純理功能的產(chǎn)生。就外部動(dòng)因而言,獨(dú)立型形式標(biāo)記句式在學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)類中具有其他語(yǔ)類所不具有的高分布頻數(shù),說(shuō)明有助于提升話語(yǔ)垂直度的獨(dú)立型形式標(biāo)記句式易被屬于等級(jí)知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)的學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)類用于表達(dá)意義潛勢(shì)。但獨(dú)立型形式標(biāo)記本身卻無(wú)法如氣象內(nèi)容和存在物那樣參與等級(jí)知識(shí)構(gòu)建過(guò)程,盡管獨(dú)立型形式標(biāo)記之間可基于氣象性或存在性進(jìn)行構(gòu)建。也正是如此,獨(dú)立型形式標(biāo)記在語(yǔ)言使用中的意義即功能因此弱化,進(jìn)而表現(xiàn)出其對(duì)應(yīng)的非獨(dú)立型形式標(biāo)記所不具有的隱性范疇特有的反逆特征且最終導(dǎo)致其隱性純理功能的產(chǎn)生。本研究一方面對(duì)獨(dú)立型形式標(biāo)記的經(jīng)驗(yàn)構(gòu)建作用給予功能解釋,并基于此對(duì)其人際功能與語(yǔ)篇功能做出說(shuō)明,形成對(duì)現(xiàn)有研究的有益補(bǔ)充,進(jìn)而增強(qiáng)SFL在這一領(lǐng)域的理論解釋力。另一方面,由于印歐語(yǔ)系中屬于日爾曼語(yǔ)族的德語(yǔ)、荷蘭語(yǔ)、冰島語(yǔ)、丹麥語(yǔ)以及同屬印歐語(yǔ)系但屬于拉丁語(yǔ)族的法語(yǔ)均存在與英語(yǔ)類似的獨(dú)立型形式標(biāo)記現(xiàn)象,本研究可為跨語(yǔ)言類型的獨(dú)立型形式標(biāo)記現(xiàn)象提供可資參照的語(yǔ)言類型學(xué)功能分析途徑。
[Abstract]:Independent type refers to the formal markers of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) based on the framework of determining ownership "word" this rank, and can independently of the language component function segmentation, in English is mainly reflected in the presence of it and there substitution of these two components. Since the independent form of marking this the traditional view of grammar grammar filling constraints, often considered in the study of language "two language citizens", its research value has been greatly underestimated. At the same time, the academic understanding of its essence is lopsided. However, the research can not bypass the independent form of linguistic markers is the topic, the language system the rationality of the syntactic interpretation of linguistic theories are concerned, to a certain extent independent form markers has become one of the major touchstone of linguistic theory explanation. At present, the independent type of markers in language Other syntactic rationality system embodies mainly syntactic perspective, cognitive perspective and function from the perspective of the three aspects, but are debatable: syntactic perspective or set extended projection principle as an independent form marker, or will be compared with other components of the same physical language but assumptions such as "semi argument" or "split personality" the special syntactic processing scheme, the solution is not on the independent form mark belongs to the diachronic evolution results of this fact; cognitive perspective will form independent markers as "Settings" or "mental space", but in the framework of cognitive grammar language is the result of the cognitive role of reality mapping as the independent form, the reality of the lack of marker mapping, and therefore can not explain the reason through the language system embodied to clarify its syntactic function from the perspective of rationality; although the independent standard form Remember to select the motivation in the language system of interpersonal function and the textual function explanation based on, but there are still metafunctionaltheory explanation consistent,.SFL problem is not a standard to determine the function and function of configuration to use fuzzy language as the research object, it is argued that language is depends on the people to participate in social activities for the metafunctionaltheory thought express different semantics and needs different functions, at the same time as the reality of constructing Marxism adhering to language philosophy of language materials, semantic and formal markers as considerable independent evolution characteristics and is regarded as the real power library constructed without considering the reality of mapping, so on clear the independent form markers in language system can reflect the rationality of syntax provides a strong theoretical basis. At the same time, by the SFL leader Mr. Hallidy recommended Wolf emphasizes the importance of covert categories category of language research, the independent form markers were able to investigate functional motivations embodied in the language system, category relations can be in the form of non marking on the corresponding of the circumstances, which helps to reveal the unique restriction metafunctions reflect independent form the system can be labeled in the language. In view of this, the author takes the idea of SFL covert category metafunctionaltheory thought and Wolf as a starting point to explore the independent form markers to reflect why this problem in the language system, and focuses on three issues: independent form which has labeled metafunctionaltheory? Embodiment of implicit independence form labeled metafunctions? Form marker independent recessive metafunctions reflect the reasons behind how to explain? Reasonable answers to these research questions, as In the basic research on independent form markers metafunctionaltheory explain the insufficiency, the realization path of independent form to recessive marker metafunctionaltheory research, and then determine its functional categories and functional roles. At the same time, with the help of German, Dutch, Iceland, comparative evidence and semantic individual children the occurrence of CHILDES language corpus evidence based on the Danish and French cross linguistic typology, to explore the functional role of independent form markers provide semantic motivations of evidence. In addition, the United States and the United States COHA diachronic corpus corpus COCA corpus from the language system, based on the motivation of the two dimensions of the independent form of marking hidden behind the metafunctions are further discussed. The main findings are as follows: first, the independent form tag also has three metafunctions, and in The lexical and grammatical level and textual semantic layer are embodied in the existing research. Follow the path of semantic functional interpretation of semantic content of presumption of clausal elements based on the function of the role, often potential and potential between the lack of experience on meaning and semantic content of the realization of the relationship between the case, the semantic content with functional roles and functions to experience have the semantic content of the clausal elements. The influence of the traditional grammar research, semantic path independent form semantic content and lack of experience lack of marking function approach, nature cannot reveal the independent form of the mark experience building effect. Unlike semantic path, path function is mainly based on the metafunctions of coincidence standard and rank category structure components standard small sentence, that can and cannot be as independent independent segmentation processing default form markers must possess the three metafunctions. Because the word Sink grammar layer reflects the discourse semantic level, three metafunctions independent form markers should also be reflected in the discourse semantic level. At the same time, the experience of independent form of the mark has the function of language typology comparative evidence and semantic corpus evidence for individual child occurrence. Based on the second phase, for non formal markers, independent type the form of inverse marker has unique characteristics of covert category metafunctions determined based on the analysis of its function can be incorporated into the implicit metafunction analysis framework and analysis of recessive metafunctions. Independent form marked inverse features, the lexical and grammatical level experience, interpersonal and textual functions are embodied "experience questions", "rhythm / theme recognition", "subject predicate"; at the discourse semantic level experience, which reflects the interpersonal and textual functions as a "potential agent", "turn into" "Recognition and relationship". Based on the analysis framework of implicit metafunction, independent form marker it in lexical and grammatical level experience, interpersonal and discourse function can be respectively analysis as "hidden action / carrier", "covert subject", "hidden theme"; at the discourse semantic level experience, interpersonal with the textual function can be respectively analysis for "hidden control function", "recessive negotiation" and "tacit recognition". The independent label there form at the lexical grammatical level experience, interpersonal and discourse function can be respectively analysis as "carrier", "covert subject", "hidden theme"; at the discourse semantic level experience, interpersonal and discourse function can be respectively analysis for "hidden control function", "recessive negotiation" and "tacit recognition". Third, motivation independent form markers metafunction is mainly implicit It is the language system within the experience of the construction of prefabricated potential and the level of knowledge of language system construction potential two aspects. Internal motivation, increasing trend of independent form markers shown in duration distribution frequency of that independent form markers have not compared with other construction methods experience of the construction of prefabricated potential, which is the preference for the potential and experience of the construction of experience in the construction process. It is the experience of the construction of prefabricated potential, makes multiple components configuration reflect multiple representations of the experience phenomenon gradually to form independent markedness statute, which led to the original reference independent form marker object obviously further away from its referents, and show the unique characteristics of covert category inverse and ultimately lead to the recessive metafunction. External cause Words, independent form of markedness with high frequency distribution of other categories do not have in the academic genre, stating the independent form markedness helps to enhance the discourse verticality easily belong to academic genre level knowledge structure for the expression of meaning potential. But the independent form itself is not marked as weather the content and the existence of such participation level knowledge construction process, though independent form marks or meteorological existence based on. It is also the case, meaning independent form markers in language use is thus weakened, thus showing the corresponding non independent formal markers do not have implicit category the unique inverse characteristics and ultimately lead to the recessive metafunction. On the one hand, the independent form of the mark construction experience given functional explanation, and based on this on him Interpersonal function and textual function explanation, form a useful supplement to the existing research, and enhance the SFL theory in the field of interpretation. On the other hand, due to the Indo European family belongs to the Germanic language of German, Dutch, Danish and Iceland, belong to the same Indo European but belong to the Latin language are French independent form Markedness and English similar, this study can provide a reference type of linguistic function analysis approach for independent form markedness cross language types.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：H315
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本文編號(hào)：1428343