包頭鋼鐵公司的創(chuàng)建與技術創(chuàng)新（1953-1965年）
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-29 18:41
【摘要】：包頭鋼鐵公司(簡稱包鋼)是建國初期我國三大鋼鐵基地之一,它的興建與投產可視為我國現(xiàn)代鋼鐵工業(yè)早期技術發(fā)展的模式,是我國現(xiàn)代鋼鐵工業(yè)化的縮影。對包鋼的研究是中國現(xiàn)代鋼鐵工業(yè)史、技術史的一個重要課題。本文在前人的研究基礎上通過挖掘檔案史料,系統(tǒng)整理與包鋼相關的文獻,分析包鋼建設初期(1953-1965年)在時政影響下的建廠舉措,考察現(xiàn)在的煉鋼廠、煉鐵廠,對包鋼鐵從蘇聯(lián)引進的技術及受到技術決策影響等方面進行了研究,主要有以下幾個方面：第一、本文系統(tǒng)搜集相關檔案資料及未公開發(fā)表的廠志,對包鋼建設初期的發(fā)展脈絡進行梳理和歸納,分析立項建設包鋼的原因,并對比當時中、蘇及世界主要產鋼國的冶煉技術水平,分析包鋼建設初期從蘇聯(lián)引進冶煉技術的水平、所遇技術難題,在自力更生的基礎上如何進行技術改造創(chuàng)新等問題。研究認為：包鋼因白云鄂博存在稀土共生礦的特殊性,當時我方既無技術根基,又無參考經驗,從蘇方引進的技術和設備并不適應,遇到了各種技術難題,包鋼的技術創(chuàng)新之路圍繞解決這些難題展開,包鋼的冶煉攻關史就是一部鋼鐵行業(yè)的技術進步史。再者,包鋼的大規(guī)模建設適逢“大躍進”時期,一系列政治運動導致的技術決策出現(xiàn)偏差和錯誤,使中國的鋼鐵行業(yè)付出了極大的代價,本文對以包鋼為中心的內蒙古“大煉鋼鐵”運動作進一步分析,總結包鋼因沒有遵循鋼鐵行業(yè)科學發(fā)展規(guī)律,技術發(fā)展受到重挫的經驗教訓。這些工作,彌補了這一研究領域的不足,尤其是從科學技術與社會(STS)的角度進行綜合考察,分析政治干預對技術決策的影響,指出這是前人關注較少而對包鋼技術發(fā)展非常重要的因素。第二、根據(jù)檔案文獻等資料,根據(jù)檔案文獻等資料,回顧包鋼早期在技術能力本土化的進程中如何培養(yǎng)自己的工程師和工人；總結蘇聯(lián)工程師在包鋼建設中的作用和特點；并以首任經理、技術專家型領導干部楊維做為個案進行研究,強調科學決策對人才培養(yǎng)、技術和事業(yè)發(fā)展的決定性作用。本文文末還對包鋼實際建設情況與原有設計規(guī)劃及同期武漢鋼鐵公司的建設情況進行對比,研究表明包鋼因其礦源的特殊性及政治決策的影響程度大于武鋼,致使其技術的發(fā)展落后于武鋼,對后續(xù)的建設影響也比較大。第三、本文把包鋼的發(fā)展置于現(xiàn)代鋼鐵技術體系下進行研究,表明包鋼雖在建設初期遇到種種困難,未能按最初的規(guī)劃如期建成,但在北方邊疆地區(qū),包鋼平地起家,不僅在少數(shù)民族地區(qū)、也是當時華北地區(qū)唯一的一家大型鋼鐵基地,后來又發(fā)展成為世界最大的稀土工業(yè)基地和內蒙古自治區(qū)最大的工業(yè)企業(yè),對于全國鋼鐵工業(yè)合理布局的形成,尤其是帶動整個自治區(qū)為工業(yè)為中心的國民經濟發(fā)展,起到不可估量的作用,因此不能因包鋼遭受的損失低估它對鋼鐵技術現(xiàn)代化的意義。中國現(xiàn)代鋼鐵工業(yè)技術起步于從蘇聯(lián)引進的技術,然后逐步走上自力更生技術創(chuàng)新之路,其發(fā)展是在跌宕起伏的社會背景下進行的,不同時期采用的技術政策對鋼鐵行業(yè)發(fā)展的影響至關重要,總結各個階段技術發(fā)展的特點,可看出技術決策的決定性作用；包鋼的技術路線反映出中國現(xiàn)代鋼鐵工業(yè)技術發(fā)展的變遷,并對今天的技術創(chuàng)新,起到積極的借鑒作用。
[Abstract]:Baotou Iron and Steel Company (Baotou Steel) is one of the three major steel bases in China at the beginning of the PRC, and its construction and production can be regarded as the mode of the early technology development of the modern steel industry in China. It is a microcosm of the modern steel industry in China. The research of Baotou Steel is an important subject of the history and technology history of modern iron and steel industry in China. On the basis of the previous research, this paper, based on the previous research, through the data of the archives, the systematic arrangement and the relevant literature of Baotou Steel, analyzes the construction of the construction plant under the influence of the time and government at the beginning of the construction of Baotou Steel (1953-1965), and studies the current steel-making plant and iron-smelting plant. The paper studies the technology of the steel from the Soviet Union and the influence of the technological decision-making, and mainly includes the following aspects: first, the system gathers the relevant archives and the undisclosed factory records, and the development of the initial stage of the construction of the steel-clad steel is analyzed and summarized. The reason of the construction and construction of Baotou Steel was analyzed and compared with that of the main steel-producing countries at the time, the level of smelting technology introduced from the Soviet Union in the early stage of the construction of Baotou Steel was analyzed, the technical problems encountered, and how to carry out technical transformation and innovation on the basis of self-reliance. The research is as follows: because of the particularity of the rare-earth co-raw ore in the Baiyunebo, at that time, we have neither the technical foundation nor the reference experience, the technology and equipment introduced from the Soviet party are not suitable, and various technical problems are encountered, and the road of the technological innovation of the steel-clad steel is unfolded around solving these problems. The research history of smelting in Baotou Steel is the technological progress history of a steel industry. In addition, the large-scale construction of Baotou Steel in the Great Leap Forward period, a series of political movement resulted in the deviation and the error of the technological decision-making, which made the steel industry in China paid a great deal of price, this paper further analyzed the steel movement in Inner Mongolia as the center of Baotou Steel, At the end of this paper, the scientific and technological development of the steel industry has not been followed, and the experience and lessons of the technology development have been severely damaged. The work has made up the deficiency of this research field, especially from the angle of science and technology and society (STS), and analyzed the influence of political interference on technology decision-making, and pointed out that this is a very important factor for the development of Baotou Steel's technology. Secondly, according to the data of the file and so on, according to the data of the file, how to train its engineers and workers in the process of the localization of technology ability in the early stage of Baotou Steel is reviewed, the role and characteristics of the Soviet engineers in the construction of Baotou Steel are summarized, and the first manager, Yang Wei, a leading cadre of technical experts, made a case study, and stressed the decisive role of scientific decision-making on the development of talents, technology and cause. In this paper, the actual construction of Baotou Steel is compared with the original design plan and the construction of Wuhan Iron and Steel Company in the same period. and the subsequent construction impact is also relatively large. Third, the paper studies the development of Baotou Steel under the system of modern steel and steel, and shows that the Baotou Steel has not been completed as scheduled, but in the northern border area, Baogang made its own self-made, not only in the minority areas, but also in the northern border area. It was the only large steel base in North China at that time, and then developed into the largest industrial base of rare-earth industry in the world and the largest industrial enterprise in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. In particular, the whole autonomous region is driven by the development of the national economy, which is the center of the industry, and has played an inestimable role, and therefore cannot underestimate the significance of its modernization to the steel technology because of the losses suffered by the steel-clad steel. The technology of modern iron and steel industry in China is starting from the technology introduced from the Soviet Union and then gradually on the road of self-reliance technology innovation. The development of China's modern iron and steel industry is carried out under the social background of the ups and downs, and the technology policy adopted at different times is of great importance to the development of the steel industry. The paper summarizes the characteristics of the technology development of the various stages, and can see the decisive role of the technology decision-making; the technical route of the steel-clad steel reflects the change of the technology development of the modern iron and steel industry in China, and has a positive reference to the technology innovation today.
【學位授予單位】：內蒙古師范大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：F426.31;F273.1
，
本文編號：2395230
[Abstract]:Baotou Iron and Steel Company (Baotou Steel) is one of the three major steel bases in China at the beginning of the PRC, and its construction and production can be regarded as the mode of the early technology development of the modern steel industry in China. It is a microcosm of the modern steel industry in China. The research of Baotou Steel is an important subject of the history and technology history of modern iron and steel industry in China. On the basis of the previous research, this paper, based on the previous research, through the data of the archives, the systematic arrangement and the relevant literature of Baotou Steel, analyzes the construction of the construction plant under the influence of the time and government at the beginning of the construction of Baotou Steel (1953-1965), and studies the current steel-making plant and iron-smelting plant. The paper studies the technology of the steel from the Soviet Union and the influence of the technological decision-making, and mainly includes the following aspects: first, the system gathers the relevant archives and the undisclosed factory records, and the development of the initial stage of the construction of the steel-clad steel is analyzed and summarized. The reason of the construction and construction of Baotou Steel was analyzed and compared with that of the main steel-producing countries at the time, the level of smelting technology introduced from the Soviet Union in the early stage of the construction of Baotou Steel was analyzed, the technical problems encountered, and how to carry out technical transformation and innovation on the basis of self-reliance. The research is as follows: because of the particularity of the rare-earth co-raw ore in the Baiyunebo, at that time, we have neither the technical foundation nor the reference experience, the technology and equipment introduced from the Soviet party are not suitable, and various technical problems are encountered, and the road of the technological innovation of the steel-clad steel is unfolded around solving these problems. The research history of smelting in Baotou Steel is the technological progress history of a steel industry. In addition, the large-scale construction of Baotou Steel in the Great Leap Forward period, a series of political movement resulted in the deviation and the error of the technological decision-making, which made the steel industry in China paid a great deal of price, this paper further analyzed the steel movement in Inner Mongolia as the center of Baotou Steel, At the end of this paper, the scientific and technological development of the steel industry has not been followed, and the experience and lessons of the technology development have been severely damaged. The work has made up the deficiency of this research field, especially from the angle of science and technology and society (STS), and analyzed the influence of political interference on technology decision-making, and pointed out that this is a very important factor for the development of Baotou Steel's technology. Secondly, according to the data of the file and so on, according to the data of the file, how to train its engineers and workers in the process of the localization of technology ability in the early stage of Baotou Steel is reviewed, the role and characteristics of the Soviet engineers in the construction of Baotou Steel are summarized, and the first manager, Yang Wei, a leading cadre of technical experts, made a case study, and stressed the decisive role of scientific decision-making on the development of talents, technology and cause. In this paper, the actual construction of Baotou Steel is compared with the original design plan and the construction of Wuhan Iron and Steel Company in the same period. and the subsequent construction impact is also relatively large. Third, the paper studies the development of Baotou Steel under the system of modern steel and steel, and shows that the Baotou Steel has not been completed as scheduled, but in the northern border area, Baogang made its own self-made, not only in the minority areas, but also in the northern border area. It was the only large steel base in North China at that time, and then developed into the largest industrial base of rare-earth industry in the world and the largest industrial enterprise in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. In particular, the whole autonomous region is driven by the development of the national economy, which is the center of the industry, and has played an inestimable role, and therefore cannot underestimate the significance of its modernization to the steel technology because of the losses suffered by the steel-clad steel. The technology of modern iron and steel industry in China is starting from the technology introduced from the Soviet Union and then gradually on the road of self-reliance technology innovation. The development of China's modern iron and steel industry is carried out under the social background of the ups and downs, and the technology policy adopted at different times is of great importance to the development of the steel industry. The paper summarizes the characteristics of the technology development of the various stages, and can see the decisive role of the technology decision-making; the technical route of the steel-clad steel reflects the change of the technology development of the modern iron and steel industry in China, and has a positive reference to the technology innovation today.
【學位授予單位】：內蒙古師范大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：F426.31;F273.1
，
本文編號：2395230
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