本文選題：農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)　切入點：技術(shù)進步　出處：《中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：技術(shù)進步是供給側(cè)領(lǐng)域的永恒主題,農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)進步作為農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的根本途徑在中央一號文件中被反復(fù)強調(diào)。隨著空間關(guān)聯(lián)性與產(chǎn)業(yè)融合的不斷推進,對單一地區(qū)或產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)進步的簡單研究加總無法準確反映技術(shù)進步的全貌。因此,本研究基于相關(guān)理論歸納構(gòu)建的總體理論框架,結(jié)合SFA與MFA模型、Moran's I指數(shù)、PSM方法和CGE模型等方法,從全要素生產(chǎn)率視角切入農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)進步直接效果的研究,并進一步研究其通過要素與產(chǎn)品市場產(chǎn)生的間接溢出效應(yīng),旨在把握農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)進步的地區(qū)、產(chǎn)業(yè)的系統(tǒng)性結(jié)構(gòu)特征、明確其驅(qū)動因素與所受影響機制,進而探究其對外部經(jīng)濟與環(huán)境的作用。對直接效果的研究包括特征與影響兩大部分,第一部分特征主要研究歷史演變與現(xiàn)狀,空間與產(chǎn)業(yè)特點,第二部分著重從技術(shù)稟賦與組織化程度視角展開影響剖析；第三部分溢出效應(yīng)的探究包括經(jīng)濟、環(huán)境效應(yīng),并由七個主要章節(jié)展開。主要結(jié)論概括如下：(1)對農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)進步的歷史演變與現(xiàn)狀的研究表明：改革開放以來,農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)進步呈現(xiàn)明顯的機械型要素代替勞動、生物化學(xué)型補充土地的趨勢；外部財政支農(nóng)保障經(jīng)費加速增長,重心從中央向地方轉(zhuǎn)移,科研轉(zhuǎn)化能力提升且回報率較高,技術(shù)推廣人員緩慢增長至穩(wěn)；技術(shù)進步率圍繞5%水平周期性波動,且波動幅度與區(qū)域差異逐年減弱。(2)綜合考慮空間因素下的農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)進步空間收斂性的研究表明：西部區(qū)域內(nèi)部技術(shù)效率提升潛力較大；區(qū)域間技術(shù)進步轉(zhuǎn)化水平拉動的綜合技術(shù)進步水平呈現(xiàn)中西部向東部地區(qū)的收斂,空間相關(guān)性在1981-2009年起到了顯著推動作用,而此后的空間作用明顯減弱。(3)對農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)進步的產(chǎn)業(yè)差異的系統(tǒng)性研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：糧食類與經(jīng)濟類作物產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)進步普遍放緩,蔬果產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)進步存在波動性加速,畜牧業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)整體技術(shù)進步存在周期波動性放緩；要素結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化的技術(shù)效率改進是其驅(qū)動因素,而科技轉(zhuǎn)化能力則成為農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)進步的阻礙因素。(4)技術(shù)稟賦對全過程農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)進步的影響研究結(jié)果表明：技術(shù)稟賦對技術(shù)采用決策與應(yīng)用后效果差異影響明顯。其中,需求、補貼以及種植經(jīng)驗等技術(shù)稟賦對采用決策影響明顯,經(jīng)營管理能力對要素結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化與產(chǎn)出效率的發(fā)揮具有顯著正向作用,且具有年輕化、專業(yè)化、適度規(guī)�；攘夹园l(fā)展特性的能力較高農(nóng)戶更具推動農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)進步的優(yōu)勢。(5)組織化程度對農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)進步的影響研究結(jié)果表明：組織化程度對農(nóng)戶技術(shù)水平有顯著影響；其中,農(nóng)資購買與技術(shù)指導(dǎo)兩項服務(wù)增強技術(shù)進步水平的作用明顯；天津、遼寧地區(qū)效果尤其明顯；組織化程度解釋了88.54%的技術(shù)進步水平轉(zhuǎn)化能力與5505元的產(chǎn)值差異。(6)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)進步的系統(tǒng)性經(jīng)濟溢出效應(yīng)研究結(jié)果表明：農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)進步能大幅提高農(nóng)產(chǎn)品國際市場競爭力；促進其他產(chǎn)業(yè)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展,對經(jīng)濟欠發(fā)達地區(qū)經(jīng)濟增長效應(yīng)尤其顯著；短期地區(qū)居民人均收入差距被拉大,但地區(qū)工資差異有所緩解；長期隨地區(qū)總產(chǎn)出與就業(yè)增加會加快中西部向東部地區(qū)的“追趕”；加速了農(nóng)民增收與農(nóng)村勞動轉(zhuǎn)移,促進了城鄉(xiāng)居民糧食消費收斂。(7)對內(nèi)生性農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)進步的環(huán)境溢出效應(yīng)研究結(jié)果表明：能源類要素的密集性投入的負向環(huán)境溢出加劇,而通過能源效率緩解負向溢出的能力卻在倒退；狹義技術(shù)進步、技術(shù)效率改善、規(guī)模效應(yīng)的發(fā)揮起到了積極作用,而替代要素效率下降則成為主要的短板。
[Abstract]:Technological progress is the eternal theme of the supply side in the field of agricultural technological progress as the fundamental way of agricultural development in the central document are emphasized. With the spatial correlation and industrial integration advancement, simple research on a single region or industry technology progress and total not accurately reflect the technological progress of the whole picture. Therefore, this based on the general theoretical framework of summarizing the related theory construction, the combination of SFA and MFA model, Moran's I index, PSM method and CGE model method, the research starting from the perspective of total factor productivity of agricultural technology progress effect, and further study the indirect spillover effect generated by the elements and product market, to grasp the progress of agricultural technology the system of area, industrial structure characteristics, the driving factors and the influence mechanism, and then probes into the external economic and environmental effects of direct effect. Study on the characteristics and influence of two parts including the first part mainly studies the characteristics, current situation and historical evolution, space and industry characteristics, the second part focuses on the technology of endowment and the degree of organization perspective effect analysis; explore the spillover effects of the third part including economic, environmental effects, and consists of seven main chapters summarize the main conclusions. Are as follows: (1) research on the historical evolution and current situation of agricultural technology progress shows that since the reform and opening up, the progress of agricultural technology has obvious mechanical elements instead of labor, biochemistry supplement land trend; external financial support to ensure funding to accelerate growth, shift from the central to the local, to enhance the ability of scientific research and the rate of return high technology promotion personnel to steady slow growth; the rate of technological progress around the 5% level of cyclical fluctuations, and the fluctuation of regional differences and decreasing year by year (2). Research progress of agricultural technology convergence space considering the spatial factors of the western region shows that the efficiency of internal technical potential; the convergence level of comprehensive technical progress into horizontal pull progress between regions showing the central and Western to the eastern region, the spatial correlation in 1981-2009 years has played a significant role in promoting, and the space effect was weakened since then. (3) systematic research on industrial difference of agricultural technology progress that grain and economic crops industry technological progress generally slowing, Vegetable & Fruit industrial technology progress fluctuated with speed, the overall technology of animal husbandry industry progress cycle slowdown; factor structure optimization technical efficiency improvement is the driving factor, and technology transfer ability become the hindering factors of agricultural technology progress. (4) research technology endowment on agricultural technological progress of the whole process The results show that the influence of technology on the difference by endowment decision and application effect. The effect of planting experience demand, subsidies and technology Endowments on the decision, management ability to play elements of structure optimization and production efficiency has a significant positive effect, and has a younger, professional, moderate scale sound development characteristics of high ability households more promote the progress of agricultural technology. (5) the degree of organization of agricultural technical progress and research results show that the degree of organization have significant influence on Farmers' technical level; the purchase of agricultural technical guidance and two service level of technological progress significantly enhanced; Tianjin especially in Liaoning area; the degree of organization explained 88.54% of the level of technological progress and transformation of the output value of 5505 yuan (6). The difference of agricultural technology progress The system of economic spillovers research results show that the progress of agricultural technology can improve the competitiveness of agricultural products in the international market sharply; other industries promote economic development, the economy owes the effect of economic growth in developed areas especially significant gap area; short-term per capita income of residents is widening, but regional wage differentials eased; with the long-term total output and employment will increase to speed up the west to the east of the "catch up"; accelerate the increase of farmers' income and rural labor transfer, promote the convergence of food consumption of urban and rural residents (7). The results show the environmental spillover effect of Endogenous Agricultural Technology Progress: energy intensive input negative factors to aggravate environmental spillovers through energy efficiency and ease the negative the ability to overflow in backwards; narrow technical progress, technical efficiency improvement, the scale effect has played a positive role, instead of to The decline in prime efficiency is the main short plate.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：F323.3

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