本文關(guān)鍵詞： 相對(duì)收入流動(dòng)性 絕對(duì)收入流動(dòng)性 結(jié)構(gòu)性收入 分解 收入分配　出處：《中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：改革開放后隨著中國進(jìn)入高速發(fā)展階段,基尼系數(shù)上升趨勢(shì)明顯,然而這并非一定表示收入差距的拉大,因?yàn)榛嵯禂?shù)本身無法反映相對(duì)收入地位的變化。而事實(shí)上,今天的富有者可能來自于昨天的窮人,收入流動(dòng)通過刻畫這種收入等級(jí)的變動(dòng),將動(dòng)態(tài)視角引入到收入分配的測度中,具有重要的理論和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本研究立足于中國農(nóng)村居民收入結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生重大變化的現(xiàn)實(shí)背景,以結(jié)構(gòu)性收入為視角,以收入流動(dòng)為研究對(duì)象,深入刻畫中國農(nóng)村從1995年至2013年純收入及主要結(jié)構(gòu)性收入的流動(dòng)性水平,揭示出具體影響收入流動(dòng)的因素,并綜合運(yùn)用不同方法明確收入流動(dòng)的分配效應(yīng)。中國農(nóng)村居民的純收入無論從絕對(duì)流動(dòng)性還是相對(duì)流動(dòng)性來講,都表現(xiàn)出先升后降的總趨勢(shì),這是工資性收入不斷下降的流動(dòng)性和經(jīng)營性收入倒U形流動(dòng)性共同作用的結(jié)果。反映收入等級(jí)變換程度的交換流動(dòng)性始終是總流動(dòng)性的主體,但其占比在下降;增長流動(dòng)性占比上升明顯;分散流動(dòng)性在經(jīng)營性收入中占比略有提高,在工資性收入有所減小,在純收入中基本保持不變。具體到每一收入層級(jí)的變動(dòng)上,經(jīng)營性收入的流動(dòng)多集中于最低層、較低層與中等層之間,且流動(dòng)程度越來越小;工資性收入在各層級(jí)間的流動(dòng)性都較低。純收入最低層向上流動(dòng)的趨勢(shì)明顯,但上行幅度不斷減小;較低層的流動(dòng)以上行和保持原位為主,上行能力同樣有所下降;中等層的流動(dòng)性較大,尤其表現(xiàn)為收入等級(jí)的下跌。農(nóng)戶純收入在最低層、較低層和中等層之間流動(dòng)頻繁,而較高層和最高層農(nóng)戶的位置則相對(duì)穩(wěn)定。從各層級(jí)的具體構(gòu)成來看,純收入最低層和較低層的主體部分是由上層而來的掉入者,而中等層的主體則為從靠下兩級(jí)躍升至該層的農(nóng)戶。中國農(nóng)村居民的收入流動(dòng)受到諸多因素的的影響,其中土地轉(zhuǎn)包入、農(nóng)戶機(jī)械數(shù)量增多、黨員戶身份和較高學(xué)歷等都對(duì)經(jīng)營性收入的上行起著顯著的正向作用,.農(nóng)戶健康水平的上升雖然減少了經(jīng)營性收入層級(jí)下跌的概率,但同時(shí)也使其上行得到顯著的降低。土地轉(zhuǎn)包出、非農(nóng)職業(yè)培訓(xùn)人數(shù)增多、家庭外出勞動(dòng)力占比增加、農(nóng)戶平均健康水平上升和家庭撫養(yǎng)比下降都對(duì)加速工資性收入上行和減少下跌影響顯著。對(duì)于純收入而言,農(nóng)戶健康水平、非農(nóng)職業(yè)培訓(xùn)和外出務(wù)工占比的上升都可以提升農(nóng)戶層級(jí)躍升的可能性,土地轉(zhuǎn)包入則對(duì)層級(jí)下行起到了顯著的加速作用�；A(chǔ)教育可以顯著提升農(nóng)戶純收入層級(jí)的小幅上升,但對(duì)大幅上升作用有限。另外,期初高位會(huì)有利于上行,而上期高位則會(huì)增加其下行概率。從長期來看,中國農(nóng)村的收入流動(dòng)對(duì)收入差距的拉大具備緩解效應(yīng)。通過分析不同收入層級(jí)間收入變動(dòng)的主要原因以及交換流動(dòng)性的占比可知,收入流動(dòng)是單年份收入差距變大的重要原因;Fields指數(shù)和基尼系數(shù)變動(dòng)量的分解結(jié)果也顯示:中國農(nóng)村的長期收入分配是有利于低收入群體的,基尼系數(shù)的擴(kuò)大可以與長期收入分配的改善同時(shí)出現(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:With the reform and opening up Chinese entered a stage of rapid development, the Gene coefficient rise significantly, but it is not certain that the widening income gap, because of changes in the Gene coefficient itself can not reflect the relative income status. In fact, today's rich may come from the last day of the poor, income flows through to describe this income level changes the dynamic perspective, is introduced to measure the distribution of income, has important theoretical and practical significance. This research is based on the realistic background of income structure of rural residents China significant changes in income, structural perspective, the income mobility as the research object, in-depth characterization of the liquidity level of rural China from 1995 to 2013 and net income the structural revenue, reveals the specific factors affecting the income mobility, income distribution effect and the integrated use of clear flow with different methods. Chinese in rural areas The net income of residents in terms of absolute liquidity or relative liquidity, have shown a general trend after the first rise and fall, this is the wage income declining liquidity and operating income of inverted U liquidity factors. To reflect the level of income level transform exchange liquidity is always subject the liquidity, but the proportion is on the decline; liquidity growth ratio increased significantly; dispersion of liquidity in the business income accounted for a slight increase, decrease in wage income, remained unchanged in the pure income. Specific to each income level changes, operating income flows more concentrated at the lowest level, between the lower layer and the middle layer, and the flow is more and more small; the liquidity of wage income at all levels are low. The lowest level of net income flows upward trend is obvious, but the upward rate decreases; the lower layer flow In order to maintain the upstream and in situ, the uplink capacity also declined; the middle layer of greater mobility, especially for the level of income decline. The net income of farmers at the lowest level, between the lower layer and the middle layer flow, rather than the top position of the top and farmers is relatively stable. The specific components of each level the lowest level of net income, and the lower part is from the top to the fall, and the main medium layer is on the lower level jumped to two from the layer of the farmers. China rural residents income mobility is affected by many factors, including land transfer, farmers machine number households party identity and higher education are on the upstream business income plays a positive role, significant rise. Farmers health level can reduce the probability of operating income levels decline, but also make it up to a significant Reduced. Land transfer, non-agricultural occupation training to increase the number of families, migrant workers accounted for the increase, the average household health level and rising household dependency ratio fell to accelerate upward wage income and significantly reduce fall. Net income for farmers, non-agricultural occupation and health level, training of migrant workers accounted for the rise of farmers can level jump raises the possibility that the land transfer into the level of downlink speed up remarkably. Basic education can significantly improve household net income levels rose slightly, but the sharp rise is limited. In addition, at the beginning of the period will be beneficial to the high upward, while the high level will increase the probability of downward in the long term. China, rural income flows on the income gap with ease effect. Through the analysis of the main causes of different income levels between income and exchange liquidity The proportion of the income flow is an important reason for larger single year income gap; the decomposition results of Fields index and the Gene coefficient of variation also shows that the long-term income distribution of rural Chinese is conducive to low-income groups, expanding the Gene coefficient can be improved and the long-term income distribution at the same time.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F323.8

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