本文關(guān)鍵詞：中國壓煤村莊搬遷模式研究　出處：《中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)(北京)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 壓煤村莊 村莊搬遷 市場化搬遷 分散搬遷

【摘要】：生態(tài)文明建設(shè)是中國特色社會主義事業(yè)的重要內(nèi)容,關(guān)系人民福祉,關(guān)系民族未來。人民在參與社會主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)并享受成果的同時,對良好生態(tài)環(huán)境的期待與日俱增,如何統(tǒng)籌好國土資源尤其是能源資源開發(fā)利用和生態(tài)環(huán)境保護已成為當(dāng)前和今后一個時期不得不面對的重要課題。我國能源資源稟賦的特點是“富煤、貧油、少氣”,具體表現(xiàn)為能源結(jié)構(gòu)上煤炭以70%左右的占比成為主要消費能源,年產(chǎn)量居世界第一。礦產(chǎn)能源開采利用過程中不可避免地會擾動和改變區(qū)域原始面貌,造成土地?fù)p毀、植被破壞,甚至破壞生態(tài)平衡。煤炭開采對中國經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展貢獻度較高,但采煤塌陷區(qū)域內(nèi)的人地矛盾突出,從資源環(huán)境約束看,煤礦區(qū)承載力已經(jīng)瀕臨極限。如何破解煤炭開采造成土地及構(gòu)筑物的損毀難題、實現(xiàn)煤炭資源有效高效開發(fā)和壓煤村莊居民安居樂業(yè),已成為各級政府和諧礦區(qū)、綠色礦業(yè)和美麗鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)以及推進新型城鎮(zhèn)化的難點及著眼點,也成為專家學(xué)者們當(dāng)前亟需關(guān)注和解決的問題。本文的主要內(nèi)容和成果如下:(1)據(jù)統(tǒng)計1988-2008年期間,我國礦山占用、損毀土地4987.42萬畝[1],年損毀量為498.74萬畝。2009-2014年,我國礦業(yè)用地占、損毀土地為15064.23萬畝,年損毀量為2510.70萬畝。我國2005~2014年十年間,六種生產(chǎn)項目共損毀土地面積為235.73萬hm2,煤炭項目損毀土地面積比例最大,達30.31%。我國“三下”煤炭儲量達137.9億噸,其中建筑物下煤炭儲量就達到了87.6億噸,占“三下”總壓煤儲量的60%,而其中僅村莊下煤炭儲量達到52.21億噸,占總儲量的38%。在人口密集、村莊分布較為集中的冀、魯、豫、皖等平原地區(qū),村莊下煤炭儲量占全國村莊下煤炭儲量的55%以上。壓煤村莊搬遷在一些礦山具有必然性,因此形成采煤形成工業(yè)用地與農(nóng)村居民用地的“爭地”問題,同時村莊搬遷安置土地占用量巨大,也形成“民”與“民”爭地問題。(2)本文根據(jù)高潛水位地區(qū)壓煤村莊的特點,探討傳統(tǒng)壓煤村莊搬遷存在的主要問題:一是用地粗放低效,村莊面貌臟、亂、差;二是壓煤村莊搬遷“供地與落地”存在兩難;三是單純以“行政為主”的解決方式難以“雙贏”;四是對探索新的壓煤村莊搬遷模式的研究力度不夠。(3)本文研究認(rèn)為壓煤村莊搬遷需要解決的實際問題有三個:一是傳統(tǒng)搬遷模式的困境如何解決,建設(shè)用地指標(biāo)供給和耕地占補平衡怎么辦?二是能不能采取不征地的辦法解決壓煤村莊搬遷問題?三是還有沒有更好的辦法解決壓煤村莊搬遷問題?(4)本文通過構(gòu)建集中搬遷“一占多補”概念模型和數(shù)量模型分析表明,與一般傳統(tǒng)壓煤村莊搬遷模式不同,“一占多補”模式通過一次集中占地,在搬遷人數(shù)不減少的前提下,大幅度減少了新征地的面積,實現(xiàn)了土地的節(jié)約集約利用。同時利用多次搬遷多次補地和動態(tài)復(fù)墾的方式,提前對采煤沉陷地進行治理,避免了傳統(tǒng)復(fù)墾因復(fù)墾不及時而造成大量土地的浪費。通過將每批搬遷村莊舊村址的復(fù)墾獲得的耕地指標(biāo)與當(dāng)?shù)氐慕ㄔO(shè)用地指標(biāo)使用情況、指標(biāo)的歸還狀況和土地市場結(jié)合進行“掛鉤流轉(zhuǎn)”,不僅緩解建設(shè)用地指標(biāo)緊張的狀態(tài),同時通過流入土地市場的指標(biāo),為復(fù)墾提供了一定的資金渠道,并對當(dāng)?shù)赝恋刭Y源配置起到一定的的優(yōu)化作用。通過安徽淮南市壓煤村莊搬遷實證分析表明,“一占多補”模式不僅能有效解決壓煤村莊搬遷的建設(shè)用地指標(biāo)供給和耕地占補平衡等問題,還有助于緩解復(fù)墾資金壓力。(5)本文通過構(gòu)建“先補后占”概念模型和數(shù)量模型分析表明,與傳統(tǒng)壓煤村莊搬遷模式不同,“先補后占”通過與動態(tài)復(fù)墾相結(jié)合,并利用各階段復(fù)墾情況、搬遷人數(shù)、人均建設(shè)用地面積建立的占地、補地數(shù)量模型,有效解決了壓煤村莊搬遷的建設(shè)用地指標(biāo)供給和耕地占補平衡等問題,并利用山東菏澤某礦進行“先補后占”實證分析。研究結(jié)果表明,在我國東部高潛水位地區(qū)的壓煤村莊搬遷工作中,采用新的與動態(tài)復(fù)墾相結(jié)合的“先補后占”搬遷模式,能較好的解決壓煤村莊搬遷中遇到的建設(shè)用地指標(biāo)供給和耕地占補平衡問題,對高潛水位地區(qū)的壓煤村莊搬遷具有示范作用。(6)本研究在土地發(fā)展論、土地控制論、人地矛盾論、土地集約論等核心思想指導(dǎo)下,以土地征收、損毀土地復(fù)墾、農(nóng)村土地制度改革理論、新型城鎮(zhèn)化和美麗鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)等為政策和理論支撐,對已有的壓煤村莊搬遷成果的不足與優(yōu)點進行了系統(tǒng)的梳理,并從理論、制度與政策體系、技術(shù)規(guī)范角度進行深層次歸納,針對東部平原高潛水位地區(qū)的壓煤村莊搬遷問題,創(chuàng)新性地提出了“市場化分散搬遷”新模式,即“不占不補”模式,是想通過縣域宅基地封閉流轉(zhuǎn),實現(xiàn)壓煤村莊村民的自主擇居,通過非宅集體建設(shè)用地流轉(zhuǎn)和農(nóng)用地流轉(zhuǎn)解決搬遷村民的生產(chǎn)與生活問題,通過搬遷村民到縣城或鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)自主選擇進城居住就業(yè)進一步提高村民市民化水平;通過舊村址復(fù)墾及復(fù)墾后新增建設(shè)用地指標(biāo)流轉(zhuǎn)解決地方政府和礦山企業(yè)復(fù)墾資金問題。“不占不補”模式的益處是:不需征地,可以有效解決壓煤村莊搬遷的建設(shè)用地指標(biāo)供給和耕地占補平衡等問題,可以解決復(fù)墾資金來源問題,有助于美麗鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)和提高新型城鎮(zhèn)化水平,兼顧了壓煤村莊搬遷的經(jīng)濟效益、社會效益和生態(tài)環(huán)境效益。
[Abstract]:The construction of ecological civilization is an important part of the cause of socialism with China characteristics, the relationship between the people's well-being, the relationship between the nation's future. People participate in the construction of socialist modernization and enjoy the results at the same time, for the good environment to grow with each passing day, how to co-ordinate land resources especially energy resources exploitation and ecological environment protection has become an important topic in the current and future a time to face. The characteristics of energy resources in China is rich in coal, oil, gas, the specific performance of the energy structure of coal is about 70% in the proportion of energy consumption will become the main, the annual output ranked first in the world. The exploitation and utilization of mineral resources will inevitably change the original appearance and regional disturbance that caused land destruction, destruction of vegetation, and even destroy the ecological balance. The development of coal mining with high degree of China of economy and society, but the coal mining subsidence area Within the domain of the obvious contradiction between people and land from the constraints of resources and environment, the ultimate bearing capacity of coal mine area is on the verge of damage. How to crack the problem caused by coal mining land and structures, to achieve effective and efficient development of coal resources and coal mining village residents live and work in peace, governments at all levels has become a harmonious mining area, green mining and the construction of the beautiful countryside and promote the difficulty the new urbanization and respect, also become experts and scholars of the urgent need to pay attention to and solve problems. The main contents and achievements of this paper are as follows: (1) according to statistics during 1988-2008 years, occupied China's mines, destroyed 49 million 874 thousand and 200 acres of land in [1], damage amount to 4 million 987 thousand and 400 mu.2009-2014 years, China's mining land and the damaged land of 150 million 642 thousand and 300 acres, 25 million 107 thousand acres. The amount of damage in our country 2005~2014 ten years, six production projects total damaged land area is 2 million 357 thousand and 300 Hm2, the coal project damaged land surface Product of the largest proportion, up to 30.31%. of China's "three under" coal reserves of 137.9 tons, of which coal reserves under buildings reached 87.6 tons, accounting for 60% of total coal reserves under three, while coal reserves under the village which only reached 52.21 tons, the total reserves of 38%. in the densely populated village distribution. The Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Anhui and other plains, coal reserves accounted for under the village under the village coal reserves of more than 55%. Village migration in coal mining is inevitable in some mines, so the formation of coal formation of industrial land and rural residential land "for" problem at the same time, the village relocation land occupation the amount is huge, also formed "people" and "people" for the problem. (2) according to the characteristics of high diving area coal under villages, explore the main problems of the traditional village migration in coal mining are: one is the use of extensive and inefficient, the village look dirty, chaotic, poor; two The pressure of coal "for the village relocation and landing" existence dilemma; three is simply to "administrative" solution to the "win-win"; the four is not enough to research efforts to explore new mode of coal mining under village relocation. (3) this paper studies that the practical problems to solve village migration in coal mining has three: one is how to solve the traditional relocation dilemma, construction land supply and the balance of arable land is two how to do? Can not take the land to solve the coal village relocation is three? There is no better way to solve the problem of coal mining under village relocation? (4) by constructing a centralized relocation "for more than make up the conceptual model and quantitative model analysis showed that different with the traditional village migration in coal mining mode," accounted for more compensation mode through a centralized area, without reducing the number of relocation, greatly reducing the new land The area of the intensive utilization of land. At the same time using multiple relocation of multiple repair and dynamic reclamation way ahead of the coal mining subsidence control, to avoid the traditional reclamation for reclamation is not timely and caused a lot of waste land. The situation of land use indicators of each batch of village old village relocation site for reclamation the cultivated land with the local construction, index return status and land market with land transfer, construction land index can not only alleviate the tension, and flowed through the land market index, provides some funding channels for reclamation, and to optimize the allocation of land resources. The local through Anhui Huainan City Village Migration in coal mining and empirical analysis shows that, "accounted for more compensation mode can not only effectively solve the construction of village migration in coal mining land supply and land requisition compensation balance Such problems also helps relieve pressure. Reclamation funds (5) by constructing a "conceptual model and quantitative model analysis showed that for" first replenishment, different from the traditional village migration in coal mining mode, "before occupation" by combining with dynamic reclamation, and the use of various stages of reclamation situation, the relocation of the number of the establishment of land area per capita construction area, the amount of compensation model, effectively solve the construction problems of the village relocation coal accounted for the balance of land supply and land index, and the empirical analysis for "first replenishment by the Shandong coal mine of Heze province. The results show that, in the East China area with high groundwater level village migration in coal mining work, using new and dynamic reclamation combined" before occupation "relocation mode, construction can meet better solve the village migration in coal mining in land supply and the balance of arable land, the high water level area The village migration in coal mining has a demonstration effect. (6) in the study on land development, land control theory, the contradiction between people and land on land intensive theory and other core ideas under the guidance of the land expropriation, damaged land reclamation, the theory of rural land system reform, new urbanization and beautiful village construction for policy and theory lack of support, and advantages of the existing coal village relocation results systematically, and from theory, system and policy system, technical specification for deep angle induction for Coal village in the eastern Ping Yuangao diving area relocation problem, put forward the innovation of "market decentralized relocation" mode that is, "not without compensation" mode, is to through County homestead closed circulation, realize coal village independent alternative, land transfer through non residential construction and collective agricultural land circulation to solve the production and life of the relocation of the village people The problem, through the relocation of villagers to the county or township to choose living in city employment to further improve the level of villagers' citizenization; through the old village site reclamation and reclamation of new construction land circulation index to solve the local government and mine reclamation funds. "Not without compensation" model of the benefits are: no land, can effectively solve the construction village migration in coal mining accounted for the issue of balance of land supply and land reclamation, can solve the problem of funding sources, contribute to the construction of the beautiful countryside and improve the level of new urbanization, taking into account the village migration in coal mining economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefit.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：F321.1;D632.4

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