本文選題：多元文化主義 + 民族主義　； 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：民族主義多元文化論認為,民族是文化的唯一主體。多元文化社會應(yīng)只以內(nèi)部各個獨立的民族板塊為多元文化單位。但這個觀點從其理論本身和實踐效果來看,存在著許多難以避免的矛盾和局限性。在民族國家模式普遍確立的今天,一波波席卷全球的民族主義浪潮正日益威脅著許多多民族國家的政治統(tǒng)一與社會和諧。因此,有必要對建立在民族主義理念之上的多元文化論進行一番深入的分析、反思和批判,并建構(gòu)出一個以人為本,尊重主體文化自由與文化個性以及肯定文化交流價值的多元文化理論,以更好地實現(xiàn)多元文化社會的和諧與穩(wěn)定。 本文主要包括四個部分。 第一章,通過對比分析族群本位的民族主義多元文化論與個人本位的自由主義多元文化論,論證了文化真正的基本主體是具體的個人。文化多元化的價值必須取決于其產(chǎn)生和維持的方式,應(yīng)當(dāng)在盡量確保主體享有文化自由選擇權(quán)利的前提下,弘揚多元文化主義。 第二章,論述了民族主義多元文化理論自我矛盾和脫離事實的幾種表現(xiàn)：指出民族主義多元文化論宣稱民族文化的區(qū)別是絕對的,但它選擇區(qū)隔的文化標準卻因?qū)ο蟮牟煌窍鄬Φ摹Ｋ鼘ν鈴娬{(diào)文化是多元的,卻對自己內(nèi)部推行同一性的做法習(xí)以為常。它相信民族文化特色是古老的,但有些卻是它自己發(fā)明的傳統(tǒng)。它對外總是呼吁尊重不同族群群體性的宗教自由,卻在普世宗教民族化的操作中從不關(guān)心個體的宗教信仰自由。它經(jīng)常把某一時期出現(xiàn)的文化現(xiàn)象看成是永恒和純凈的,但又恐懼文化的自然擴散和融合變遷會破壞掉它對純凈族性永恒神話的想象。 第三章,論證了民族主義多元文化論通過訴諸單一文化身份歸類和主張建立以社群為基礎(chǔ)的排他性自治政府等制度安排把民族文化之間的差異人為固化下來的專斷做法,既無視了文化之間普遍聯(lián)系與交流融合的客觀實際,也嚴重干擾了主體的文化自由,很容易產(chǎn)生出事實上的文化“隔離”,進而誘發(fā)文化群體之間的對立與沖突。 第四章,利用文化“模因”概念對文化的傳播、競爭與融合進行了模因?qū)W分析,并闡釋了民族主義模因復(fù)合體的復(fù)制策略。最后論證了個體具有的多重文化身份所形成的多種文化團體成員間穿插交錯的復(fù)雜聯(lián)系對多元社會的差異整合所起到的重要作用。
[Abstract]:Nationalism multiculturalism holds that nationality is the only subject of culture. Multiculturalism society should only take each independent national plate as the multiculturalism unit. However, from the view of its theory and practice, there are many unavoidable contradictions and limitations. With the establishment of the nation-state model, a wave of nationalism sweeping the world is increasingly threatening the political unity and social harmony of many multi-ethnic countries. Therefore, it is necessary to make a deep analysis, reflect and criticize the multiculturalism based on nationalism, and construct a people-oriented theory. In order to realize the harmony and stability of the multicultural society, we should respect the cultural freedom and cultural personality of the subject and affirm the multicultural theory of cultural exchange value. This paper mainly includes four parts. In the first chapter, by comparing the ethnic group-based nationalism multiculturalism theory with the individual-oriented liberalism multiculturalism theory, the author proves that the real basic subject of culture is the concrete individual. The value of cultural pluralism must depend on the way in which it is produced and maintained, and multiculturalism should be carried forward on the premise that the subject enjoys the right of free choice of culture as far as possible. The second chapter discusses several manifestations of nationalism multiculturalism: it points out that nationalism multiculturalism proclaims that the difference of national culture is absolute. However, the cultural standards of its choice are relative to each other because of the different objects. It emphasizes that culture is pluralistic, but it takes it for granted to promote identity within itself. It believes that national cultural characteristics are ancient, but some are its own invention of tradition. It always calls for respect for religious freedom of different ethnic groups, but never cares about individual freedom of religious belief in the operation of universal religion nationalization. It often regards the cultural phenomenon in a certain period as eternal and pure, but it fears that the natural diffusion and fusion of culture will destroy its imagination of the eternal myth of pure clan. The third chapter demonstrates the arbitrary practice of nationalistic multiculturalism to artificially solidify the differences between national cultures by resorting to the classification of monocultural identity and advocating the establishment of an exclusive autonomous government based on the community. It not only ignores the objective reality of the general connection and communication between cultures, but also seriously interferes with the cultural freedom of the subject, which easily leads to the "isolation" of culture, which leads to the antagonism and conflict among cultural groups. In the fourth chapter, we use the concept of "meme" to analyze the propagation, competition and integration of culture, and explain the strategies of replicating the nationalist meme complex. Finally, the paper demonstrates the important role of the interlaced and complicated connection between the members of the multi-cultural group, which is formed by the multi-cultural identity of the individual, to the integration of the diversity of the pluralistic society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：G03

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