本文選題：英格蘭 + 郡共同體��； 參考：《世界歷史》2016年01期

【摘要】：英格蘭向近代過(guò)渡的過(guò)程中,當(dāng)村莊等被封建化的時(shí)候,郡卻沒(méi)有被封建化。這是因?yàn)閺?2世紀(jì)開(kāi)始,英格蘭騎士的軍事色彩逐漸淡化,他們參與到地方政府特別是郡公共政治之中,使得由騎士轉(zhuǎn)變而來(lái)的鄉(xiāng)紳逐漸成為郡內(nèi)事務(wù)的主導(dǎo)者。隨著地方認(rèn)同和凝聚力的增強(qiáng),以鄉(xiāng)紳為核心,地方社會(huì)形成了郡共同體。傳統(tǒng)的認(rèn)識(shí)存在著一個(gè)誤區(qū):即認(rèn)為在民族國(guó)家形成的過(guò)程中,中央集權(quán)必然與地方自治發(fā)生沖突與矛盾。這其實(shí)是一種典型的"非此即彼"的認(rèn)識(shí)。民族國(guó)家的建構(gòu)與地方自治的延續(xù)是一個(gè)既沖突又依賴的過(guò)程,可以說(shuō)兩者是有機(jī)的結(jié)合體。
[Abstract]:In the process of England's transition to modern times, the county was not feudal when the villages were feudalized. This is because from the 12th century, the military color of the English knights gradually faded, they participated in the local government, especially in the county public politics, so that the country gentry from the knights gradually became the leader of the county affairs. With the strengthening of local identity and cohesion, the local society formed a county community with the squire as the core. There is a misunderstanding in traditional understanding: that is, in the process of the formation of nation-state, the centralization of power and local autonomy inevitably conflict and contradiction. This is in fact a typical "either or" understanding. The construction of nation-state and the continuation of local autonomy are a process of conflict and dependence, which can be said to be an organic combination.
【作者單位】： 南京大學(xué)歷史學(xué)院;
【基金】：國(guó)家留學(xué)基金委公派訪問(wèn)學(xué)者項(xiàng)目資助 南京大學(xué)人文基金資助
【分類號(hào)】：K561.3
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本文編號(hào)：2061365