青藏高原是全世界海拔最高的地區(qū),有“世界屋脊”之稱,平均海拔約為4000-5000米。高海拔物種由于在缺氧、高輻射、寒冷和生物產(chǎn)能缺乏的惡劣環(huán)境中生存并明顯受到這些外界因素的影響,進(jìn)而使其成為比較進(jìn)化分析的理想研究對(duì)象。缺氧適應(yīng)性是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的屬性,多種因素參與其中。高海拔地區(qū)的牦牛很好地適應(yīng)了低氧環(huán)境,但是到目前為止,與其相關(guān)的心肌基因和蛋白表達(dá)調(diào)控機(jī)制的研究還未見報(bào)道。青藏高原地區(qū)的動(dòng)物具有較強(qiáng)的心臟功能,與缺氧適應(yīng)性相關(guān)的基因隨著機(jī)體體循環(huán)增強(qiáng)而表達(dá),并參與保護(hù)心臟細(xì)胞和組織結(jié)構(gòu)。轉(zhuǎn)錄組和蛋白質(zhì)組分析都曾用于篩選牦牛和其他家養(yǎng)物種肌肉生長(zhǎng)脂質(zhì)沉積的功能基因和蛋白質(zhì)。為了揭示牦牛缺氧適應(yīng)的分子機(jī)制,本研究采用RNA測(cè)序和iTRAQ技術(shù)對(duì)牦牛和黃牛進(jìn)行心肌比較轉(zhuǎn)錄組學(xué)和蛋白組學(xué)分析。為了系統(tǒng)理解牦牛心肌組織中基因表達(dá)變異與其缺氧適應(yīng)性的關(guān)系,RNA測(cè)序分析后從牦牛和黃牛心肌組織中鑒定得到20646個(gè)差異表達(dá)基因（DEGs）。其中,GSTA2、AHCYL2、SOD1、Idh1、GATM、HK3和BCAA基因與高海拔適應(yīng)性相關(guān),參與細(xì)胞內(nèi)鈣釋放、缺氧下HIF-1α的穩(wěn)定、通過改變異檸檬酸鹽... 

【文章來源】：西南科技大學(xué)四川省

【文章頁(yè)數(shù)】：129 頁(yè)

【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
摘要
ABSTRACT
1 Chapter Introduction and research backgrounds
    1.1 Introduction
    1.2 Research backgrounds
    1.3 Objectives of this study
2 Chapter Review of literature
    2.1 Review of the literature
        2.1.1 Heart/ Cardia
        2.1.2 Cardia genesis
        2.1.3 The origin of cardio myocytes, outflow tract and smooth muscle cells
        2.1.4 Septum Formation
        2.1.5 Cardiac looping
        2.1.6 Convergence
        2.1.7 Wedging
        2.1.8 The venous pole of heart
        2.1.9 Atrial septation
        2.1.10 Formation of Ventricular
    2.2 Cardiac conduction system （CCS）
    2.3 Transcriptional taxonomy in Cardiac Conduction System Development
        2.3.1 HCN4
        2.3.2 Nkx2-5
        2.3.3 Tbx3
        2.3.4 Pitx2
    2.4 Cardiac Energy Metabolism
    2.5 Fatty Acid Metabolism
    2.6 Glucose Metabolism
    2.7 Interaction amongst Fatty acids and Glucose Metabolism
    2.8 Cardiac Energy Metabolism and Efficiency
    2.9 Conclusions
3 Chapter Comparative analysis of myocardium transcriptome identified genes associated with high-altitude adaptation in Yak
    3.1 Introduction
    3.2 Materials and methods
        3.2.1 Animals and myocardium sample collection
        3.2.2 Morphological analysis of heart in Yak and Cattle
        3.2.3 Histological analysis of myocardium samples from yak and cattle
        3.2.4 RNA extraction and cDNA library preparation
        3.2.5 Data Processing, and assembly of yak and cattle transcriptome
        3.2.6 Screening of DEGs and Gene expression analysis
        3.2.7 GO enrichment analysis of DEGs
        3.2.8 KEGG Pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs
        3.2.9 RT-PCR and qRT-PCR Validation of mRNA-Sequence data
        3.2.10 Statistical analysis
    3.3 Results
        3.3.1 Morphological analysis of heart in Yak and Cattle
        3.3.2 Histological characteristics of myocardium in Yak vs cattle
        3.3.3 DNA sequencing, tag mapping, and patterns of gene expression
        3.3.4 DEGs between yak and cattle myocardial transcriptome
        3.3.5 GO enrichment analysis of DEGs
        3.3.6 KEGG Pathway enrichment analysis of myocardial DEGs
    3.4 Discussion
        3.4.1 Morphological & Histological characteristic analysis of heart in Yak vs
        3.4.2 KEGG functional enrichment analysis of DEGs in Yak
        3.4.3 KEGG functional enrichment analysis of DEGs in Yak
    3.5 Conclusion
4 Chapter Comparative iTRAQ proteomics identified myocardium proteins associated with hypoxia ofyak
    4.1 Introduction
    4.2 Material and Methods
        4.2.1 Sample collection
        4.2.2 Protein Preparation
        4.2.3 iTRAQ Labeling and SCX fractionation
        4.2.4 LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis
        4.2.5 Bioinformatics
        4.2.6 COG and GO analysis for all identified proteins
        4.2.7 GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of DEPs and string analysis
    4.3 RESULTS
        4.3.1 Protein Identification
        4.3.2 DEPs between yak and cattle myocardial proteome
        4.3.3 GO analysis of DEPs
        4.3.4 KEGG pathway enrichment and Protein-protein interaction by STRINGnetwork68
    4.4 Discussion
        4.4.1 DEPs in yak associated with myocardial development
        4.4.2 DEPs in yak associated with mitochondrial functions
        4.4.3 DEPs in yak in response to the immune system
    4.5 Conclusion
5 Chapter Summary Conclusion and Recommendations for Future Research
    5.1 Summary
    5.2 General Conclusion and Recommendations for Future Research
6 Acknowledgments Special thanks
Special thanks
7 References
8 Appendix A
    8.1 S1 Primers information for RT-PCR and Q-PCR validation
    8.2 S2 List of top enriched GO terms for biological function
    8.3 S3 List of KEGG enriched pathway of DEGs in YK and CL
    8.4 S4 List of top three enriched GO terms for biological process, Cellular componentand molecular functions in myocardium
    8.5 S5 List of top ten KEGG enriched pathway of DEPs in Yak and Cattle
    8.6 S6 The top 10 significantly enriched KEGG pathways according to protein-protein interaction in STRING network analysis
9 Publications or research achievement



本文編號(hào)：3064643