【摘要】：進(jìn)化論的產(chǎn)生是人類社會發(fā)展的成果,是人類對自然界生物進(jìn)化規(guī)律和進(jìn)化機(jī)制的認(rèn)識和總結(jié)。人類以及其他生物的進(jìn)化歷程不斷地體現(xiàn)和驗證了進(jìn)化論所闡述的自然界中的進(jìn)化規(guī)律和進(jìn)化機(jī)制。然而,現(xiàn)代基因技術(shù)的出現(xiàn),特別是轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)的產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展,對進(jìn)化論及其所闡述的進(jìn)化規(guī)律和進(jìn)化機(jī)制等多方面都產(chǎn)生了不同程度的影響,本文將從多角度敘述轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)對進(jìn)化論的多方面的影響和挑戰(zhàn)。轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)的產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展對物種的進(jìn)化和進(jìn)化論中的進(jìn)化規(guī)律以及進(jìn)化機(jī)制都產(chǎn)生了一定程度的影響,轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)模糊了以往的物種概念和物種的形成方式,物種不再是自然界傳統(tǒng)物種的概念,它不再是生物存在自然界的獨(dú)立生態(tài)位,不再有物種與物種之間的界限,它可以跨越物種之間的界限并形成跨物種的新類型物種,物種不再是可以自然而然地遺傳和變異,而是人類“物種工廠”中可以隨意拆卸、組裝和重組的“零件”,任由人類欲望的延伸。在轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)的影響下,推動物種進(jìn)化的力量不完全是自然條件的篩選,已經(jīng)摻入了人類利益和欲望。轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)使得物種進(jìn)化的時間不再局限于自然條件的不足和限制,轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)可以根據(jù)人類的欲望和利益的方向,在任意時間內(nèi)隨意創(chuàng)造新的物種,轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)在很大程度上操控了新物種進(jìn)化的時間,或快或慢地使其進(jìn)化。與此同時轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)對傳統(tǒng)生物的生境及其與生境的相適度也產(chǎn)生了相當(dāng)可觀的影響,由于轉(zhuǎn)基因物種不是在一定的生存環(huán)境的“磨合”下進(jìn)化得來的,這就使得它與其生存環(huán)境之間的相適度遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于傳統(tǒng)生物,并且還會對其生存環(huán)境造成不同程度的影響。這種融入了人類智力的新物種的出現(xiàn)和釋放,不僅對環(huán)境和其他生物的生存造成相應(yīng)的改變,還一定程度上影響了在進(jìn)化論下形成的社會思想觀念,進(jìn)而影響到人類社會的思想和倫理層面,對人類社會的穩(wěn)定和健康的發(fā)展造成了一些層面的改變。在人類欲望和利益的驅(qū)使下,使得轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)大步向前發(fā)展。這并不是人類為可以操控生物物種及其進(jìn)化而感到幸喜的時候,應(yīng)該放下人類過多、過大的欲望和利益,運(yùn)用人類的價值理性來約束和合理管理人類的科技理性,以便使人類在進(jìn)化論所闡述的進(jìn)化規(guī)律和進(jìn)化機(jī)制的指引下,更好、更理性地發(fā)展轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù),使轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)能夠更好地服務(wù)于全球生物界以及生態(tài)系統(tǒng),更好地服務(wù)于人類的持久生存和健康發(fā)展。人類應(yīng)從自身和生物界本身利益出發(fā),多多發(fā)揮價值理性的指引作用,更好地發(fā)展科學(xué)技術(shù),讓科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展能夠不斷地造福于人類和整個自然界。
[Abstract]:The emergence of evolution theory is the result of the development of human society, and it is also the understanding and summary of the evolution law and mechanism of natural organisms. The evolution process of human beings and other organisms constantly reflects and verifies the evolution law and mechanism in nature expounded by evolution theory. However, the emergence of modern gene technology, especially the emergence and development of transgenic technology, has had varying degrees of influence on evolution theory and its expounded evolution law and evolution mechanism. in this paper, the influence and challenge of transgenic technology on evolution theory will be described from many angles. The emergence and development of transgenic technology has a certain degree of influence on the evolution of species, the evolution law and evolution mechanism in evolution theory. Transgenic technology blurs the previous concept of species and the way in which species are formed. Species is no longer the concept of traditional species in nature, it is no longer the independent niche of life in nature, and there is no longer the boundary between species and species. It can cross the boundaries between species and form a new type of species across species. Species can no longer be inherited and mutated naturally, but "parts" that can be disassembled, assembled and reorganized at will in the human "species factory", allowing the extension of human desire. Under the influence of transgenic technology, the power to promote species evolution is not entirely the screening of natural conditions, and has been mixed with human interests and desires. Transgenic technology makes the time of species evolution no longer limited to the shortcomings and limitations of natural conditions. According to the direction of human desire and interests, transgenic technology can create new species at will at any time. To a large extent, transgenic technology controls the time of evolution of new species, or makes it evolve quickly or slowly. At the same time, transgenic technology also has a considerable impact on the habitat of traditional organisms and its compatibility with habitat. Because transgenic species do not evolve under a certain living environment, which makes the phase between transgenic species and their living environment much lower than that of traditional organisms, and will also have varying degrees of impact on their living environment. The emergence and release of this new species, which integrates human intelligence, not only causes corresponding changes to the survival of the environment and other organisms, but also affects the social ideas formed under the theory of evolution to a certain extent, and then affects the ideological and ethical aspects of human society, and causes some changes in the stability and healthy development of human society. Driven by human desire and interests, transgenic technology has made great strides forward. This is not a time when human beings are happy to be able to control biological species and their evolution. They should put aside too many human beings, too much desire and interests, and use human value rationality to restrain and reasonably manage human scientific and technological rationality, so that human beings can better and more rationally develop genetically modified technology under the guidance of the evolutionary laws and mechanisms described in the theory of evolution. So that transgenic technology can better serve the global biological community and ecosystems, and better serve the sustainable survival and healthy development of human beings. Human beings should start from their own interests and the biological community itself, give full play to the guiding role of value rationality, better develop science and technology, so that the development of science and technology can continue to benefit mankind and the whole nature.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：Q111;Q78

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