【摘要】：碳循環(huán)是生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中重要的生物地球化學(xué)元素循環(huán)之一。微生物參與碳固定、甲烷代謝、碳降解等多個(gè)重要的碳循環(huán)過程,深入了解微生物群落在碳循環(huán)過程中的功能和作用,有助于獲悉微生物對(duì)全球氣候變化的響應(yīng)、適應(yīng)和反饋機(jī)制,這也是微生物生態(tài)學(xué)研究的關(guān)鍵問題之一。傳統(tǒng)的研究多集中于微生物分離培養(yǎng)技術(shù),無法覆蓋絕大部分未培養(yǎng)微生物,并且無法深入解析碳循環(huán)過程中微生物群落的結(jié)構(gòu)和功能,宏基因組學(xué)技術(shù)的出現(xiàn)克服了這些缺陷,成為研究微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)和功能的有效手段。本文對(duì)目前宏基因組學(xué)的主要技術(shù)——定量PCR、DNA分子指紋圖譜、基因芯片、克隆文庫和高通量測(cè)序等技術(shù)進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)要介紹,著重介紹了參與碳固定、甲烷生成和氧化、碳降解等主要碳循環(huán)過程的關(guān)鍵功能基因的研究現(xiàn)狀,最后對(duì)碳循環(huán)過程中微生物宏基因組學(xué)研究的未來發(fā)展進(jìn)行了總結(jié)與展望。
[Abstract]:Carbon cycle is one of the important biogeochemical elements in ecosystem. Microbes participate in many important carbon cycle processes, such as carbon fixation, methane metabolism, carbon degradation and so on. Understanding the function and function of microbial community in carbon cycle is helpful to understand the response of microbes to global climate change. Adaptation and feedback mechanism, which is also one of the key issues in microbial ecology. The traditional research focuses on microbial isolation and culture technology, which can not cover most of uncultured microorganisms, and can not deeply analyze the structure and function of microbial community during the carbon cycle. The emergence of macrogenomics overcomes these defects and becomes an effective means to study the structure and function of microbial community. In this paper, the main techniques of macrogenomics, such as quantitative PCR DNA fingerprinting, gene chip, clone library and high throughput sequencing, are briefly introduced, with emphasis on carbon fixation, methane generation and oxidation. The research status of key functional genes in carbon degradation and other major carbon cycle processes is reviewed. Finally, the future development of microorganism macrogenomics in carbon cycle is summarized and prospected.
【作者單位】： 中國(guó)科學(xué)院生態(tài)環(huán)境研究中心中國(guó)科學(xué)院環(huán)境生物技術(shù)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;中國(guó)科學(xué)院大學(xué)資源與環(huán)境學(xué)院;大連理工大學(xué)環(huán)境學(xué)院工業(yè)生態(tài)與環(huán)境工程教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;
【基金】：國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(No.2016YFC0500702) 中國(guó)科學(xué)院戰(zhàn)略性先導(dǎo)科技專項(xiàng)(No.XDB15010302);中國(guó)科學(xué)院百人計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目~~
【分類號(hào)】：Q93

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